Nutrition in spirits: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Various studies have shown that different types of alcoholic beverages have different health effects. Beer, wine, and spirits each contain different nutritional components and have different effects on the body. For example, wine contains polyphenols, suggesting that it may reduce the risk of heart disease. 8 Beer also contains components that can affect the composition of intestinal bacteria, suggesting that it may have positive health effects. 16 On the other hand, spirits have been shown to put a heavy burden on the liver. 13

Reasons for Nutrition

Because different types of alcoholic beverages contain different nutritional components, they have different effects on health. Therefore, it is important to consider the nutritional components when choosing alcoholic beverages.

General Nutrition

Alcohol

Alcoholic beverages contain alcohol. Alcohol is used as an energy source, but excessive intake can put a burden on the liver. 19 6

Sugar

Alcoholic beverages may contain sugar. Sugar is used as an energy source, but excessive intake can cause blood sugar levels to rise and lead to obesity. 15

Polyphenols

Wine contains polyphenols. Polyphenols have antioxidant effects and may reduce the risk of heart disease. 8

Vitamins

Beer contains B vitamins. B vitamins play an important role in energy metabolism and nerve function. 12

Minerals

Beer contains minerals such as potassium and magnesium. Minerals play an important role in regulating body fluids and muscle function. 16

Nutritional Measures

Alcohol Intake

Excessive alcohol intake puts a burden on the liver. Therefore, try to limit your alcohol intake to a moderate amount per day. 19 6

Sugar Intake

Excessive sugar intake can cause blood sugar levels to rise and lead to obesity. Therefore, limit your intake of alcoholic beverages that are high in sugar. 15

Polyphenol Intake

Polyphenols may have positive effects on health, so when drinking wine, choose wines with high polyphenol content. 8

Vitamin B Intake

B vitamins may have positive effects on health, so when drinking beer, choose beers with high B vitamin content. 12

Mineral Intake

Minerals may have positive effects on health, so when drinking beer, choose beers with high mineral content. 16

Comparison Between Studies

Common Points in Studies

Many studies have shown that different types of alcoholic beverages have different health effects. It has also been shown that excessive alcohol intake can have negative health effects.

Differences Between Studies

Studies do not always agree on the relationship between types of alcoholic beverages and their health effects. This may be due to differences in research methods and subjects. Therefore, it is important to consider these research findings comprehensively and choose the most appropriate alcoholic beverages for you.

Points to Note for Application to Real Life

When choosing alcoholic beverages, it is important to consider the nutritional components. In particular, limit your intake of alcoholic beverages that are high in sugar and calories. Also, excessive alcohol intake can have negative health effects, so it is important to drink in moderation.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still much that is unknown about the relationship between types of alcoholic beverages and health effects. Future research is expected to reveal more detailed information.

Direction of Research Needed in the Future

To better understand the relationship between types of alcoholic beverages and health effects, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between various types of alcoholic beverages and health conditions. Further research is also needed on the relationship between alcohol intake and health effects.

Conclusion

Different types of alcoholic beverages contain different nutritional components and have different effects on health. It is important to consider nutritional components when choosing alcoholic beverages. Also, excessive alcohol intake can have negative health effects, so it is important to drink in moderation.

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
12
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
7
Article Type
1
1
1
4
19
1.

Wine versus ethanol in human nutrition. I. Nitrogen and calorie balance.

Author: McDonaldJ T, MargenS

Protein catabolism
Weight loss

A metabolic study examining the effects of wine versus ethanol on nutrient absorption in six healthy young men found that alcohol consumption, whether from wine or ethanol, was associated with increased urinary nitrogen excretion, suggesting that alcohol may directly affect protein catabolism. Subjects also tended to lose weight on alcohol-containing regimens, indicating that calories from alcohol may be less efficient than those from fat and carbohydrate.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Research Progress on the Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Hyperuricemia.

Author: LongTian, LiuLiang

Reduced hyperuricemia
Hyperuricemia

This study found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia. Plant polyphenols, found in the Mediterranean diet, can combat hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Retracted PublicationCases where a publication has been formally withdrawn due to the discovery of serious errors or misconduct.

Language : English

4.

Alcoholic beverage preference and diabetes incidence across Europe: the Consortium on Health and Ageing Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES) project.

Author: SluikD, JankovicN, HughesM, O'DohertyM G, SchöttkerB, DrygasW, RolandssonO, MännistöS, Ordóñez-MenaJ M, FerrieresJ, BamiaC, de GaetanoG, Kiefte-De JongJ C, FrancoO H, SluijsI, SpijkermanA M W, SansS, ErikssonS, KromhoutD, TrichopoulouA, WilsgaardT, BrennerH, KuulasmaaK, LaatikainenT, SöderbergS, IacovielloL, BoffettaP, KeeF, FeskensE J M

Diabetes

This study investigated the association between alcoholic beverage preference and type 2 diabetes incidence in individuals who reported consuming alcohol.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Drink types unmask the health risks associated with alcohol intake - Prospective evidence from the general population.

Author: SchutteRudolph, PapageorgiouMaria, NajlahMohammad, HuismanHugo W, RicciCristian, ZhangJufen, MilnerNicky, SchutteAletta E

This study investigated the associations of different drink types with various health outcomes.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Beer, wine, and spirits differentially influence body composition in older white adults-a United Kingdom Biobank study.

Author: LarsenBrittany A, KlinedinstBrandon S, LeScott T, PappasColleen, WolfTovah, MeierNathan F, LimYe-Lim, WilletteAuriel A

Bone loss
Visceral adiposity

The study investigated whether different types of alcohol consumption are associated with changes in body composition, particularly visceral adiposity accumulation and bone loss.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Natural Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Hangover and Alcohol Use Disorder.

Author: WangFang, LiYa, ZhangYu-Jie, ZhouYue, LiSha, LiHua-Bin

Alcohol use disorder treatment
Hangover prevention

This review examines natural products that may be effective for preventing and treating hangovers and alcohol use disorder. The review highlights potential functional components and their mechanisms of action.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Alcoholic Beverage Preference and Dietary Habits in Elderly across Europe: Analyses within the Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES) Project.

Author: SluikDiewertje, JankovicNicole, O'DohertyMark G, GeelenAnouk, SchöttkerBen, RolandssonOlov, Kiefte-de JongJessica C, FerrieresJean, BamiaChristina, FransenHeidi P, BoerJolanda M A, ErikssonSture, MartínezBegoña, HuertaJosé María, KromhoutDaan, de GrootLisette C P G M, FrancoOscar H, TrichopoulouAntonia, BoffettaPaolo, KeeFrank, FeskensEdith J M

Cardiovascular risk

This study describes and compares dietary intake and diet quality in European elderly according to their alcoholic beverage preference. The study aims to understand potential confounders in the associations between different types of alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Intake of selected foods and beverages and serum uric acid levels in adults: ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010).

Author: SilvaMichelle Timóteo da, DinizMaria de Fátima Haueisen Sander, CoelhoCarolina Gomes, VidigalPedro Guatimosim, TellesRosa Weiss, BarretoSandhi Maria

High uric acid

The association between the intake of selected food groups and beverages and serum uric acid (UA) was investigated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Role of Nutrition in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Summary of the Symposium at the ESBRA 2017 Congress.

Author: KharbandaKusum K, RonisMartin J J, ShearnColin T, PetersenDennis R, ZakhariSamir, WarnerDennis R, FeldsteinAriel E, McClainCraig J, KirpichIrina A

Improved Alcoholic Liver Disease Treatment

This symposium focused on the role of nutrition in alcoholic liver disease, highlighting the impact of dietary fats and carbohydrates on disease progression and exploring potential therapeutic interventions like betaine and zinc. The importance of addressing malnutrition and nutrition support in clinical settings was emphasized.

CongressA conference or meeting where experts in a specific field gather. It provides opportunities for presentations, discussions, and networking, and serves as a place to share expertise and learn about the latest trends in the industry.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

12.

The Role of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds on the Impact of Beer on Health.

Author: AmbraRoberto, PastoreGianni, LucchettiSabrina

Antioxidant effects
Alcohol consumption

This review reports recent knowledge on the role of ingredients (barley, hop, and yeasts), including genetic factors, on the final yield of phenolic compounds in beer. The study found that the phenols and ethanol present in beer may have additive or synergistic effects on health. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Beer Is Less Harmful for the Liver than Plain Ethanol: Studies in Male Mice Using a Binge-Drinking Model.

Author: LandmannMarianne, WagnerbergerSabine, KanuriGiridhar, ZiegenhardtDoreen, BergheimIna

Less liver damage
Ethanol effects

This study aimed to determine if the effect of beer intake on the liver differs from that of plain ethanol.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Copper deficiency caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

Author: ShibazakiShunichi, UchiyamaShuhei, TsudaKatsuji, TaniuchiNorihide

Copper deficiency treatment
Copper deficiency

This is the first report showing alcohol abuse as a risk factor for copper deficiency. The study found that a 71-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse had low copper and ceruloplasmin levels, and was diagnosed with copper deficiency.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

15.

Development of a tool to estimate sugar and caloric contents in alcoholic beverages for a diabetes self-management program in Thailand.

Author: AungThin Nyein Nyein, ThaiklaKanittha, WiwatkunupakarnNutchar, AramratChanchanok, PinyopornpanishKanokporn, JiraporncharoenWichuda, QuansriOrawan, Papachristou NadalIliatha, KinraSanjay, AngkurawaranonChaisiri

Diabetes management

This article describes the development of a visual health education tool to help convert different alcoholic beverages into standard drinks and to provide the calorie and sugar content of alcoholic beverages for patients with diabetes in Thailand. The tool was developed by reviewing diabetes guidelines internationally and the Thailand alcoholic beverage industry.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Chinese Baijiu and Whisky: Research Reservoirs for Flavor and Functional Food.

Author: LiJinchen, ZhangQiuyu, SunBaoguo

Baijiu and whisky, traditional spirits with different production methods, have similar raw materials (grains) and are important in the global spirit market. This review compares research on sensory and flavor analysis, byproduct utilization, and functional food investigations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

Is There a Link between Different Types of Alcoholic Drinks and Obesity? An Analysis of 280,183 UK Biobank Participants.

Author: Inan-ErogluElif, PowellLauren, HamerMark, O'DonovanGary, DuncanMitch J, StamatakisEmmanuel

Lower BMI

This study evaluated the association between overall alcohol consumption and types of alcoholic drinks with markers of adiposity using data from the UK Biobank. The study found that those drinking within public health guidelines had a lower BMI compared to never drinkers. Wine drinkers had lower BMI compared to never drinkers, while beer and spirits drinkers had higher BMI.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Effects of alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome on 10-year incidence of diabetes: the ATTICA study.

Author: KoloverouE, PanagiotakosD B, PitsavosC, ChrysohoouC, GeorgousopoulouE N, MetaxaV, StefanadisC,

Increased diabetes incidence

This prospective study examined the effect of alcohol consumption on diabetes incidence over a 10-year period.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Combined effects of smoking and alcohol on metabolic syndrome: the LifeLines cohort study.

Author: SlagterSandra N, van Vliet-OstaptchoukJana V, VonkJudith M, BoezenH Marike, BoezenH Marieke, DullaartRobin P F, KoboldAnneke C Muller, FeskensEdith J M, van BeekAndré P, van der KlauwMelanie M, WolffenbuttelBruce H R

Metabolic syndrome risk

This study investigated the combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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