Main Research Findings

This study focuses on the side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which have revolutionized the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Imatinib, approved as first-line therapy, and sunitinib, used for imatinib resistance or intolerance, are compared. TKIs are administered for longer periods and target specific molecules, resulting in unique side effect profiles compared to conventional treatments. The study documents 95 side effects, including patient-reported and medically defined outcomes, observed with imatinib and sunitinib. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues, particularly diarrhea and nausea, edema, fatigue, and hematologic disorders, notably anemia. Although there's overlap, significant differences arise in the frequency of edema, hypertension, thyroid function, muscle and joint pain, as well as skin and oral conditions. Understanding these potential side effects empowers both clinicians and patients in treatment decisions, influencing treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. 1

Reasons for Side Effects

TKIs, while targeting specific proteins involved in cancer cell growth and survival, can also affect normal cells. This is because TKIs bind to these proteins and inhibit their function, leading to potential side effects. 1

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

The most prevalent side effects include gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea and nausea. 1

Edema

Edema is another common side effect. 1

Fatigue

Fatigue is a frequent side effect. 1

Hematologic Disorders

Hematologic disorders, such as anemia, have been reported. 1

Managing Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Dietary modifications and medications are used to manage gastrointestinal side effects. 1

Edema

Edema is treated with medications like diuretics and corticosteroids. 1

Fatigue

Managing fatigue involves adequate rest, a nutritious diet, and exercise. 1

Hematologic Disorders

Treatments for hematologic disorders can include blood transfusions and hematopoietic growth factors. 1

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities

Both imatinib and sunitinib share common side effects including gastrointestinal issues, edema, fatigue, and hematologic disorders. 1

Differences

Significant differences exist in the frequency of edema, hypertension, thyroid function, muscle and joint pain, as well as skin and oral conditions between the side effect profiles of imatinib and sunitinib. 1

Considerations for Real-Life Application

While this study provides valuable information about TKI side effects, it's crucial to remember that individual experiences can vary. If you're receiving TKI therapy, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. 1

Limitations of the Current Study

This review may not encompass all possible side effects associated with TKIs. Additionally, the review lacks specific information about the frequency of different side effects. 1

Directions for Future Research

Future research should investigate the frequency of specific side effects linked to TKIs and explore more effective strategies for mitigating these side effects. 1

Conclusion

TKIs are valuable in treating GIST but can cause various side effects. Understanding these side effects empowers both clinicians and patients in making informed treatment decisions, potentially influencing treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. 1