Side Effects of testosterone: A Synthesis of Findings from 10 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Testosterone plays a crucial role in male health, but it can also lead to various side effects. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is effective for treating male hypogonadism, but research 8 and 9 indicates that it may cause side effects such as elevated triglycerides and increased arterial stiffness in transgender men. Conversely, a study 4 suggests that testosterone cypionate is effective in treating urinary incontinence in male dogs. Furthermore, a study 2 hints that transdermal testosterone gel might be effective for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of testosterone stem from its mechanism of action. Testosterone binds to androgen receptors, influencing various tissues and organs. Consequently, TRT increases male hormone levels, potentially leading to various side effects. For instance, a study 10 discovered that arbutin inhibits androgen biosynthesis in immature Leydig cells in rats. This suggests that arbutin could affect male reproductive health by interfering with testosterone production.

Common Side Effects

Sexual Dysfunction

A study 3 found that 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride can impact male sexual function. These medications inhibit the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a male hormone, potentially causing side effects such as reduced libido and erectile dysfunction.

Liver Abnormalities

A study 10 suggested that arbutin might have hepatotoxic effects.

Other Side Effects

A study 3 revealed that 5α-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride and dutasteride could lead to neurological, psychiatric, endocrine, metabolic, and ophthalmological disorders.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Sexual Dysfunction

Consulting a doctor is crucial if you experience sexual dysfunction. It might be necessary to adjust the TRT dosage or explore other treatment options.

Liver Abnormalities

Consult a doctor immediately if you experience liver abnormalities. TRT discontinuation or consideration of alternative therapies may be necessary.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities between Studies

Many studies demonstrate that TRT can have various effects on male health. For instance, studies 8 and 9 indicate that TRT might lead to side effects such as elevated triglycerides and arterial stiffness. Moreover, a study 3 suggests that 5α-reductase inhibitors could cause sexual dysfunction and other side effects.

Differences between Studies

Each study differs in terms of the target disease and research methodology. For example, a study 8 investigated the effects of TRT in transgender men, while a study 9 examined the role of TRT in treating male hypogonadism. Additionally, a study 4 used testosterone cypionate to treat urinary incontinence in dogs, while a study 2 used transdermal testosterone gel to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.

Cautions for Application in Real Life

Testosterone replacement therapy can have various effects on male health. Therefore, it is crucial to consult with your doctor before starting TRT and choose a treatment plan suitable for your condition. It is also essential to consult your doctor regularly after starting TRT to check for side effects.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on testosterone side effects is still insufficient. Further research is needed, especially regarding long-term effects and the mechanisms of side effect development.

Future Research Directions

Research is needed to find ways to mitigate testosterone side effects and ensure safe TRT administration. Moreover, further research is necessary to investigate the effects of TRT on various tissues and organs.

Conclusion

Testosterone plays a vital role in male health, but it can have various side effects. It is essential to consult with your doctor before starting TRT and choose a treatment plan suitable for your condition. It is also crucial to consult with your doctor regularly after starting TRT to check for side effects. Research on testosterone side effects is still insufficient. Future research is expected to reveal ways to mitigate testosterone side effects and ensure safe TRT administration.

Literature analysis of 10 papers
Positive Content
4
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
5
Article Type
2
1
1
2
9
1.

Psychosexual effects of three doses of testosterone cycling in normal men.

Author: YatesW R, PerryP J, MacIndoeJ, HolmanT, EllingrodV

Adverse psychological effects

Testosterone doses up to five times physiologic replacement dose had minimal risk of adverse psychosexual effects in most men, but higher doses may cause psychological problems.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Transdermal testosterone gel prn application for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women: a controlled pilot study of the effects on the arizona sexual experiences scale for females and sexual function questionnaire.

Author: ChudakovBella, Ben ZionItzhak Z, BelmakerR H

Improve sexual desire
Improve sexual function
Side effects of testosterone

Sublingual testosterone can improve sexual function and desire in postmenopausal women, but its effects are temporary, peaking after 15 minutes and declining to baseline within 90 minutes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

The post-finasteride syndrome: possible etiological mechanisms and symptoms.

Author: LeliefeldHerman H J, DebruyneFrans M J, ReismanYakov

Alopecia treatment
BPH treatment
Post-finasteride syndrome
Sexual side effects

This review discusses the side effects of finasteride and dutasteride, synthetic 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs), including sexual, neurological, and other dysfunctions, as well as the increased incidence of high-grade prostate cancer. It highlights the importance of weighing the risks and benefits of 5ARIs and the need for further research to address the long-term consequences of 5ARI use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Clinical Response and Side Effects Associated with Testosterone Cypionate for Urinary Incontinence in Male Dogs.

Author: PalermeJean-Sébastien, MazepaAllison, HutchinsRae G, ZiglioliVincent, VadenShelly L

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence treatment

Testosterone cypionate was a potentially effective and safe treatment option for urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) in male dogs. However, response varied, and further research is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Metformin combined with spironolactone vs. metformin alone in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis.

Author: ZengHuamin, ZhangYing, HuangSikai, WuJinghua, RenWenrui, ZhouLingru, HuangLeneng, YeYuyin

Complementary effects on PCOS

Combining metformin with spironolactone may be an effective and safe treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in transgender men.

Author: YamadaMizuki, GamHyunjun, IkegamiNodoka, NishikawaYuriko, IshikawaAkira, FunakiAkiko, MatsudaTomoka, KamemotoKayoko, HashimotoYuto, OkamotoTakanobu, YamazakiHiroki, TanakaHirotoshi, Sakamaki-SunagaMikako

Arterial stiffness reduction
Elevated triglycerides
Increased arterial stiffness

Acute aerobic exercise was found to have different effects on arterial stiffness in transgender men receiving testosterone replacement therapy compared to males and females. While exercise lowered arterial stiffness in males, it did not significantly affect stiffness in transgender men.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Arbutin inhibits androgen biosynthesis by rat immature Leydig cells in vitro.

Author: ShanYuanyuan, YuYang, LiXiaoheng, ZhuQiqi, WangYiyan, ZhaoZhiguang, GeRen-Shan

Androgen production inhibition
Hepatoxicity
Leydig cell dysfunction
Male reproductive health impact

Arbutin is a skin-lightening agent. This study found that arbutin can negatively affect Leydig cells, which are important for male reproductive health.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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