Side Effects of trimethoprim: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

  1. Home
  2. Side Effects of trimethoprim
This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of trimethoprim: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician. If you have concerns about "Side Effects of trimethoprim: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies", please consult your doctor.

For NLM copyright information, please see Link to NLM Copyright Page
PubMed data is obtained via Hugging Face Datasets: Link to DatasetPlease check the disclaimer.
This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a commonly used antibiotic, but some patients experience an increase in serum creatinine levels, which can be a sign of kidney problems. 19 investigated whether this increase is a true sign of kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) or a false positive. They compared creatinine and cystatin C levels, two different ways to measure kidney function, before and after TMP/SMX treatment.

TMP/SMX is also used to treat bacterial endometritis in horses. 4 compared the effectiveness of treating this condition with TMP/SMX and intrauterine ozone. They found that both treatments were safe and effective at reducing bacterial growth, but neither completely eliminated the bacteria.

Nitrofurantoin is another antibiotic, often used for bladder infections. 25 reported a case where a patient experienced a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-like reaction after taking nitrofurantoin. This highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating these reactions.

Reasons for Side Effects

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of various bacterial infections, but it can have potential side effects. TMP/SMX side effects can occur due to drug metabolism, immune reactions, or interactions with certain diseases or conditions. For example, TMP/SMX can affect kidney function. The kidneys play an important role in eliminating drugs from the body, and if the kidneys are damaged by TMP/SMX, the drug can accumulate in the body and cause side effects. TMP/SMX can also inhibit the production of certain blood cells. Therefore, administration of TMP/SMX can reduce the number of blood cells, increasing the risk of infection. In addition, TMP/SMX can trigger allergic reactions. If you are allergic to TMP/SMX, you may experience symptoms such as skin rash or difficulty breathing.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

The most common side effects of TMP/SMX are gastrointestinal symptoms. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea have been reported. 18

Skin

Skin reactions such as rash, itching, and hives have also been reported. 2

Blood

TMP/SMX can cause blood disorders such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. 6

Kidney

Kidney dysfunction has also been reported as a side effect of TMP/SMX. Increased serum creatinine levels have been observed. 19

Mental

Hallucinations and confusion have been reported as mental side effects following TMP/SMX administration. 22

Other

In addition to these symptoms, TMP/SMX can cause side effects such as fever, headache, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Side Effect Management

Gastrointestinal

Dietary and drug therapies can be used to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

Skin

If you experience skin reactions, you should stop taking the medication and consult a doctor.

Blood

Regular monitoring through blood tests is important to prevent blood disorders.

Kidney

Regular monitoring of kidney function and hydration are important to prevent kidney dysfunction.

Mental

If you experience mental symptoms, you should stop taking the medication and consult a doctor.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

These studies investigated the safety and efficacy of TMP/SMX.

Differences in Studies

These studies differ in their target diseases and research designs. For example, 19 focused on kidney dysfunction, while 4 investigated the therapeutic effects of bacterial endometritis in horses.

Notes on Application in Real Life

TMP/SMX is an effective drug for treating various bacterial infections, but it is important to understand that it can cause side effects. If you are taking TMP/SMX, you should take it as directed by your doctor and be aware of potential side effects.

Limitations of Current Research

All of these studies were small-scale and require validation through large-scale studies. These studies were also limited to specific populations, so caution should be exercised when applying them to other populations.

Future Research Directions

Large-scale clinical trials are needed to investigate TMP/SMX side effects in greater detail. Studies comparing the safety and efficacy of TMP/SMX in different populations are also needed.

Conclusion

TMP/SMX is an effective drug for treating various bacterial infections, but it can cause side effects. If you are taking TMP/SMX, you should take it as directed by your doctor and be aware of potential side effects. Future research is expected to reveal more about the safety and efficacy of TMP/SMX.

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
6
Article Type
1
0
1
1
19
1.

The treatment of urinary tract infections in out-patients A double-blind comparison between trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin.

Author: SanderJ, AandahlE, FellnerH, KalstadS

Effective for acute urinary tract infections
High cure rate
Side effects
Skin eruptions

Trimethoprim was found to be as effective as nitrofurantoin in treating acute urinary tract infections, but with a higher rate of side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

[DRESS syndrome in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a pediatric case report].

Author: KohnVerónica, CarrizoDaniela, AratoGisela, ArroyoFanny

Drug hypersensitivity
High morbidity
High mortality

DRESS syndrome, a serious drug reaction, was diagnosed in an 18-month-old girl with cystic fibrosis after receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The increased risk of drug hypersensitivity in cystic fibrosis warrants a high index of suspicion for this syndrome.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : Spanish

6.

[Side effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS].

Author: WeinkeT, SixtC, de Matos-MarquesB, RufB, PohleH D

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treatment
Toxic reactions
Treatment discontinuation

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was effective for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients, but 39% of patients experienced side effects, including leukopenia (47%), abnormal liver functions (29%), skin changes (24%), gastrointestinal complaints (20%), and thrombocytopenia (18%).

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

8.

The Clinical Efficacy of Nitrofurantoin for Treating Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials.

Author: PorrecaAngelo, D'AgostinoDaniele, RomagnoliDaniele, Del GiudiceFrancesco, MaggiMartina, PalmerKatie, FalabellaRoberto, De BerardinisEttore, SciarraAlessandro, FerroMatteo, ArtibaniWalter, MironeVincenzo, BusettoGian Maria

Effective for uUTI
Side effects

This systematic review of randomized control trials (RCTs) investigated the clinical and microbiological efficacy of nitrofurantoin compared to other antibiotics or placebo for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI). It also assessed whether nitrofurantoin use was associated with increased side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

A pilot study of safety of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and guaifenesin in pediatric and adult patients with acute bronchitis.

Author: FalconMayer, IbericoCarlos, GuerraFrances, ReyesIsabel, FelixEfraín, FloresMónica, de Los RíosJorge, DiazMaria E, CasasAlberto, Sanchez-GambettaSergio, CarrascoRoberto

Improved bronchitis symptoms
Adverse events

The combination of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and guaifenesin (STG) was generally safe in both pediatric and adult patients with acute bronchitis. Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of STG in these populations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

10.

Caspofungin as Salvage Therapy for Pneumocystis Pneumonia in a Heart Transplant Recipient.

Author: AbolghasemiSara, Sharif-KashaniBabak, NaghashzadehFarah, MarjaniMajid, MoniriAfshin, DoroudiniaAtousa, TabarsiPayam

PCP treatment

This case report describes a patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) who was successfully treated with a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, primaquine, and caspofungin. This treatment approach was effective despite the patient's history of renal failure.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

13.

Nivolumab-Induced Pneumonitis in a Patient With Urothelial Cancer.

Author: KasiArbab Furquan Ud Din, NagiMohammad Imran, KasiBurhanuddin A

Pneumonitis

This case report describes a 66-year-old man with interstitial pneumonitis secondary to nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor used to treat cancer. The patient presented with dyspnea and cough and was treated with methylprednisolone. Nivolumab therapy was discontinued, and the patient recovered well. The report highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing lung inflammation in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

16.

[The frequency of adverse reactions to sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim and risk factors in HIV patients].

Author: Martínez-MartínezMaría Carmen, Hernández-MoralesMaría Rocío, Mancilla-HernándezEleazar

Improved immune function
Angioedema
Rash
Urticaria

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was associated with 54% of adverse drug reactions in AIDS patients, with the dose of medication being a risk factor.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : Spanish

17.

One severe case of congenital toxoplasmosis in China with good response to azithromycin.

Author: LiJiao, ZhaoJing, YangXiaoyan, WenYang, HuangLiang, MaDan, ShiJing

Congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosis
Hemolysis
Pancytopenia
Severe jaundice
Splenomegaly

This report describes a rare case of congenital toxoplasmosis presenting with severe jaundice, hemolysis, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly early after birth. This unusual presentation highlights the diverse clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis and the importance of early diagnosis and management.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-associated increase in serum creatinine a pseudo-elevation or true nephrotoxicity?

Author: UrakamiToshiharu, HamadaYohei, OkaYusuke, KannaeMikinori, OkinakaTomohide, SanadaAyaka, ShimanoeChisato, AokiYosuke

Reliable GFR
Nephrotoxicity

This study found that TMP/SMX can cause nephrotoxicity, and the use of cystatin C can help distinguish true nephrotoxicity from pseudo-elevation. 52.6% of the patients showed nephrotoxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

A cost-minimization analysis of treatment options for postmenopausal women with dysuria.

Author: BradleyMegan S, BeigiRichard H, ShepherdJonathan P

Reduced treatment cost

Empiric antibiotics with nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, followed by waiting on culture results, was the least costly strategy for the treatment of postmenopausal women with dysuria.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Psychosis resulting from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for preseptal cellulitis.

Author: IqbalKashif M, LukePriscilla K, IngramMichael T

Cellulitis treatment
Psychosis

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is an antibiotic commonly used to treat infections. This case report describes a patient who developed hallucinations after taking TMP-SMX. While this is a rare side effect, it is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of it, especially since TMP-SMX is often used to treat eye infections.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

23.

Community-Acquired Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Infection in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Author: JiangZhiHong, RenYiFan, ZhangChuanXin, YinYu, LiChaoHui

Drug resistance
S. maltophilia infection

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a multi-drug-resistant bacterium that can cause infections in immunocompromised patients. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the preferred drug but has greater side effects in children.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

24.

Painful Purulent Nodules Caused by Mycobacterium at Site of Lipodissolve Injections.

Author: KaurHarsimran, Reyes-BarronCynthia, SipprellWilliam H, CameronAndrew, LouieTed, TsaiPeihsuan R, ScottGlynis

Injection site infection

A case report describes an unusual infection with Mycobacterium abscessus after cosmetic injections of 'Lipodissolve', highlighting the potential risks associated with this non-FDA-approved procedure.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

25.

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Secondary to Nitrofurantoin.

Author: McGarryMolly R, WagnerMeredith W, WallBarry M

Cystitis treatment
Systemic inflammation

Nitrofurantoin is a common treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis, but it can cause severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome-like reactions, leading to diagnostic challenges and treatment complications. This case report describes a patient with repeat episodes of this reaction, initially attributed to recurrent urinary tract infections.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

This site uses cookies. Visit our privacy policy page or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.