Side Effects of ursodiol: A Synthesis of Findings from 8 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) is a naturally occurring bile acid that has been studied for its use in dissolving gallstones and treating primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). 2 , 5 . Research indicates that ursodiol can effectively dissolve gallstones, 2 , and may have potential benefits in slowing the progression of PSC. 5 . Additionally, ursodiol is believed to help reduce the burden on the liver. 2 .

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of ursodiol are thought to arise from alterations in bile acid secretion and impacts on metabolic pathways within the liver.

Common Side Effects

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is a common side effect of ursodiol. 2 . This occurs because ursodiol increases bile acid secretion, leading to heightened intestinal motility and looser stools.

Liver Function Abnormalities

In rare cases, ursodiol can cause liver function abnormalities. 2 . This may result from ursodiol's influence on metabolic pathways within the liver, potentially affecting liver function.

Other Side Effects

Other reported side effects of ursodiol include indigestion, abdominal pain, and skin rash.

Managing Side Effects

Diarrhea

If diarrhea is a concern, it can be managed through dietary modifications or medication. 2 . Dietary adjustments include avoiding fatty foods and irritants. Medications like antidiarrheals or antacids may be prescribed.

Liver Function Abnormalities

If liver function abnormalities are detected, ursodiol should be discontinued, and medical attention is required to address the issue. 2 .

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have consistently shown ursodiol to be effective in dissolving gallstones and treating PSC. 2 , 5 .

Differences

The frequency and nature of side effects reported in various studies on ursodiol can vary. 2 .

Implications for Everyday Life

While ursodiol is a beneficial medication for dissolving gallstones and treating PSC, it does carry the risk of side effects. 2 , 5 . If considering ursodiol treatment, consulting with a physician to discuss individual suitability and select the most appropriate treatment approach is crucial.

Limitations of Current Research

The long-term side effects of ursodiol are not yet fully understood. 2 , 5 . Additionally, individual responses to ursodiol, both in terms of efficacy and side effects, can vary significantly.

Future Research Directions

Further research is necessary to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of ursodiol. 2 , 5 . Investigating the factors that contribute to individual variability in response to ursodiol is also crucial for personalized medicine.

Conclusion

Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) is a valuable medication for dissolving gallstones and treating PSC. 2 , 5 . However, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. 2 . If considering ursodiol, consulting with a physician to determine individual suitability and select the best treatment approach is essential.

Literature analysis of 8 papers
Positive Content
6
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
2
0
1
2
8
1.

Double-blind crossover comparison of triazolam and lorazepam in the posthypnotic state.

Author: CohnJ B

Induces sleep
Daytime sleepiness
Side effects

Triazolam and lorazepam are both effective hypnotics, but lorazepam has more pronounced daytime carryover and side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Clinical perspective on the treatment of gallstones with ursodeoxycholic acid.

Author: SalenG

Effective for gallstone dissolution
Safe and well tolerated
Stone recurrence
Transient diarrhea

Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) is effective in dissolving radiolucent gallstones in 30-80% of patients. The drug works by decreasing biliary cholesterol secretion and increasing bile acid synthesis. Ursodiol has minimal side effects and is well tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Medical dissolution of gallstones by oral bile acid therapy.

Author: HofmannA F

Gallstone dissolution
Prevention of gallstone recurrence
Diarrhea
Increased plasma cholesterol level
Mild reversible hepatic injury

Oral ursodiol, chenodiol, or a combination of the two agents can be used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. These bile acids cause a decreased input of cholesterol into the metabolic pool, leading to gradual stone dissolution. Ursodiol is free of side effects, while chenodiol can cause diarrhea, mild reversible hepatic injury, and a small increase in plasma cholesterol. Medical therapy with oral bile acids is appropriate for patients with small cholesterol stones and for patients with larger stones who cannot or will not have surgery.

Historical ArticleA research paper that analyzes past events and developments using primary sources and examines them from a historical perspective.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Clinical presentations and outcomes of bile duct loss caused by drugs and herbal and dietary supplements.

Author: BonkovskyHerbert L, KleinerDavid E, GuJiezhun, OdinJoseph A, RussoMark W, NavarroVictor M, FontanaRobert J, GhabrilMarwan S, BarnhartHuiman, HoofnagleJay H,

Chronic liver injury
Drug induced liver injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can cause damage to the bile ducts in the liver, a condition known as vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS). This study analyzed a database of DILI cases to determine the frequency, causes, and outcomes of those with bile duct loss. The study found that bile duct loss occurred in 7% of patients with DILI and was often associated with severe cholestatic hepatitis. The implicated drugs included amoxicillin/clavulanate, temozolomide, herbal products, and azithromycin. Patients with more severe bile duct loss were more likely to develop chronic liver injury and experience poor outcomes.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

5.

A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Author: NevensFrederik, AndreonePietro, MazzellaGiuseppe, StrasserSimone I, BowlusChristopher, InvernizziPietro, DrenthJoost P H, PockrosPaul J, RegulaJaroslaw, BeuersUlrich, TraunerMichael, JonesDavid E, FloreaniAnnarosa, HohenesterSimon, LuketicVelimir, ShiffmanMitchell, van ErpecumKarel J, VargasVictor, VincentCatherine, HirschfieldGideon M, ShahHemant, HansenBettina, LindorKeith D, MarschallHanns-Ulrich, KowdleyKris V, Hooshmand-RadRoya, MarmonTonya, SheeronShawn, PencekRichard, MacConellLeigh, PruzanskiMark, ShapiroDavid,

PBC treatment

This study discusses the potential benefit of obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The study emphasizes the importance of managing PBC due to the potential for progression to cirrhosis and death.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Intraoperative ultrasound and prophylactic ursodiol for gallstone prevention following laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Author: ScottD J, VillegasL, SimsT L, HamiltonE C, ProvostD A, JonesD B

Gallstone prevention
Medication side effects

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) during laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) efficiently screened for gallstones. Selective cholecystectomy followed by prophylactic ursodiol resulted in low morbidity.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Chronic liver injury induced by drugs: a systematic review.

Author: StineJonathan G, ChalasaniNaga

Chronic liver injury

This review examines the available literature on chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Chronic DILI is more common than previously thought, affecting up to 18% of patients. Antibiotics are a common cause of chronic DILI.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

A pilot study of etanercept in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Author: EpsteinMark P, KaplanMarshall M

PSC treatment
Pruritus treatment

Etanercept is a drug that inhibits tumor necrosis factor. This study looked at its safety and effectiveness in treating primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic liver disease. Etanercept was well-tolerated but not effective in treating PSC, although it may be helpful in managing pruritus due to cholestasis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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