Effective treatment of vomiting: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Various studies have shed light on different treatments for vomiting. 6 suggests that droperidol, an antipsychotic drug, can be effective for nausea and vomiting in patients with terminal illness. Meanwhile, 1 and 3 emphasize the need for careful consideration of antiemetic use in children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis-related vomiting, due to potential side effects. 10 highlights the effectiveness of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children. 13 suggests that oral antiemetics can be beneficial for acute gastroenteritis-related vomiting, potentially reducing the need for intravenous hydration and medication. 14 found peppermint-lemon aromatherapy to be effective in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting symptoms and improving quality of life in pediatric leukemia patients. 12 explores the efficacy of amitriptyline and cyproheptadine for prophylactic therapy of cyclic vomiting syndrome in children. 7 indicates oral ondansetron to be more effective than domperidone for symptomatic treatment of vomiting during acute gastroenteritis in children. 4 reiterates the importance of considering potential side effects when using antiemetics in children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis-related vomiting. 5 supports the efficacy of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in childhood. 9 acknowledges that consensus on optimal drug treatment for nausea and vomiting in adult emergency departments remains elusive. 2 shows that intravenous ondansetron, compared to intravenous fluid therapy alone, improves oral fluid tolerance and reduces hospitalization rates in children with dehydration due to vomiting from acute viral gastritis. 11 suggests the potential of massage and inhalation aromatherapy for managing chemotherapy-induced acute nausea and vomiting. 8 explores the possible effectiveness of auricular acupuncture for reducing nausea and vomiting in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

Treatment Summary

6 suggests droperidol, an antipsychotic drug, as a potential treatment for nausea and vomiting in patients with terminal illness. 1 , 3 , and 4 highlight the use of antiemetics in children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis-related vomiting, but emphasize the need to weigh potential side effects. 10 and 5 recommend 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children. 13 indicates oral antiemetics as an effective treatment for acute gastroenteritis-related vomiting, with potential for sustained relief. 14 shows the benefit of peppermint-lemon aromatherapy in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric leukemia patients. 12 examines amitriptyline and cyproheptadine for prophylactic therapy of cyclic vomiting syndrome in children. 7 indicates oral ondansetron as a more effective treatment than domperidone for vomiting during acute gastroenteritis in children. 11 suggests the potential of massage and inhalation aromatherapy for managing chemotherapy-induced acute nausea and vomiting. 8 explores the possible effectiveness of auricular acupuncture for reducing nausea and vomiting in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Various treatments for vomiting have shown promise in research, potentially reducing the discomfort associated with this symptom. Oral medications, as suggested in 13 , could potentially decrease the need for intravenous treatments. Alternative therapies like massage and aromatherapy, explored in 11 and 14 , also show potential for managing vomiting.

Risk Summary

Antiemetic medications carry the risk of side effects, including sedation and extrapyramidal symptoms. 1 , 3 , and 4 emphasize the need for careful consideration of antiemetic use in children and adolescents due to these risks. 10 suggests that while 5-HT3 receptor antagonists can be effective for chemotherapy-induced vomiting in children, their risk-benefit profile should be carefully evaluated. 9 acknowledges that further research is needed to establish optimal drug treatments for nausea and vomiting in adult emergency departments.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Numerous studies highlight the potential efficacy of various treatments for vomiting. Across these studies, the importance of considering potential side effects is consistently emphasized.

Differences

Study variations in target populations, treatment methods, and evaluation approaches make direct comparisons difficult. However, a consistent concern across several studies involves the careful consideration of antiemetic use in children and adolescents, given potential side effects.

Consistency and Inconsistencies in Results

Certain studies have yielded differing results for the same treatment. For instance, while 10 and 5 demonstrate the effectiveness of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced vomiting in children, 9 emphasizes the need for further research to determine optimal drug treatments for nausea and vomiting in adult emergency departments. These inconsistencies may stem from variations in study populations, treatments, and assessment methods. Further research is crucial to address these discrepancies.

Practical Application Considerations

Treatment for vomiting is individualized based on the underlying cause and the patient's specific condition. Self-treating vomiting can be risky. If experiencing persistent vomiting, consulting a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment is essential.

Limitations of Current Research

Many studies feature small sample sizes, limiting the generalizability of their findings. Variations in study populations, treatments, and evaluation methods make direct comparisons challenging. Additional research is necessary to address these limitations.

Directions for Future Research

Larger-scale studies are needed to validate the effectiveness and safety of various treatments for vomiting. Research is crucial for developing effective treatments for different causes of vomiting. Furthermore, research focused on minimizing the risk of side effects is essential.

Conclusion

Research has yielded promising treatments for vomiting, but it's crucial to acknowledge the potential side effects and the need for further investigation. If you experience persistent vomiting, seeking medical advice from a doctor for appropriate diagnosis and treatment is paramount.

Treatment List

Droperidol, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, oral medications, aromatherapy, massage, auricular acupuncture, amitriptyline, cyproheptadine, ondansetron, domperidone

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
7
5
7
7
14
1.

Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents.

Author: AlhashimiD, AlhashimiH, FedorowiczZ

Improved vomiting treatment
Vomiting

Vomiting from stomach flu is common in children and teens. Treating vomiting in children can be challenging, and the use of anti-nausea medications (antiemetics) is still debated due to concerns about side effects, such as drowsiness and movement problems, associated with older anti-nausea drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Emergency department treatment of viral gastritis using intravenous ondansetron or dexamethasone in children.

Author: StorkChristine M, BrownKathleen M, ReillyTracey H, SecretiLaLaina, BrownLawrence H

Improved oral fluid tolerance
Reduced hospitalization
None mentioned

In children with dehydration secondary to vomiting from acute viral gastritis, ondansetron with intravenous rehydration improved tolerance of oral fluids and reduced the hospital admission rate compared with intravenous rehydration with or without dexamethasone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents.

Author: AlhashimiD, AlhashimiH, FedorowiczZ

Improved vomiting treatment
Vomiting

Vomiting from stomach flu is common in children and teens. Treating vomiting in children can be challenging, and the use of anti-nausea medications (antiemetics) is still debated due to concerns about side effects, such as drowsiness and movement problems, associated with older anti-nausea drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

4.

Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents.

Author: AlhashimiDunia, Al-HashimiHakima, FedorowiczZbys

Extrapyramidal reactions
Sedation

Vomiting from stomach flu is common in children and teens. Treating vomiting in children can be challenging, and the use of anti-nausea medications (antiemetics) is still debated due to concerns about side effects, such as drowsiness and movement problems, associated with older anti-nausea drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Antiemetic medication for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in childhood.

Author: PhillipsRobert S, GopaulShireen, GibsonFaith, HoughtonElizabeth, CraigJean V, LightKate, PizerBarry

Reduced nausea
Reduced vomiting
Side effects

5-HT(3) antagonists with dexamethasone added were effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children, but further research with validated, age-appropriate measures is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

6.

Droperidol for treatment of nausea and vomiting in palliative care patients.

Author: DormanSaskie, PerkinsPaul

Nausea and vomiting treatment

This study discusses the use of droperidol, an antipsychotic medication, for treating nausea and vomiting in patients with terminal illnesses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

Oral ondansetron versus domperidone for symptomatic treatment of vomiting during acute gastroenteritis in children: multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Author: MarchettiFederico, MaestroAlessandra, RovereFrancesca, ZanonDavide, ArrighiniAlberto, BertolaniPaolo, BibanPaolo, Da DaltLiviana, Di PietroPasquale, RennaSalvatore, GualaAndrea, MannelliFrancesco, PazzagliaAnna, MessiGianni, PerriFrancesco, RealeAntonino, UrbinoAntonio Francesco, VallettaEnrico, VitaleAntonio, ZangardiTiziana, TondelliMaria Teresa, ClavennaAntonio, BonatiMaurizio, RonfaniLuca

Vomiting treatment

Vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis (AG) leads to dehydration and makes oral rehydration therapy (ORT) less effective. Doctors often use intravenous fluids (IV) for mild or moderate dehydration when vomiting is a major symptom. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of commonly used anti-vomiting medications, like domperidone, in treating vomiting in children with AG. The goal is to reduce the need for IV fluids, hospital stays, and hospital admissions.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Reduction in nausea and vomiting in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy by either appropriate or sham auricular acupuncture points with standard care.

Author: YehChao Hsing, ChienLung-Chang, ChiangYi Chien, LinSu Wen, HuangChen Kuan, RenDianxu

CINV treatment
Small sample size

Auricular acupressure is acceptable to children and their parents to prevent/treat CINV, but there were no statistically significant differences between the AAP and SAP groups in the prevention/treatment of CINV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting.

Author: FurykJeremy S, MeekRobert A, Egerton-WarburtonDiana

This research examines the optimal drug treatment of nausea and vomiting in adult patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs). The study highlights the diverse causes of nausea and vomiting in ED settings and the lack of consensus on the best treatment approaches.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Antiemetic medication for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in childhood.

Author: PhillipsRobert S, FriendAmanda J, GibsonFaith, HoughtonElizabeth, GopaulShireen, CraigJean V, PizerBarry

Improved quality of life
Reduced nausea
Reduced vomiting
Steroid side effects

5-HT3 antagonists are effective in patients who are to receive emetogenic chemotherapy, with granisetron or palonosetron possibly better than ondansetron. Adding dexamethasone improves control of vomiting, although the risk-benefit profile of adjunctive steroid remains uncertain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

The Preliminary Effects of Massage and Inhalation Aromatherapy on Chemotherapy-Induced Acute Nausea and Vomiting: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Author: ZorbaPinar, OzdemirLeyla

Reduced nausea severity
Reduced nausea/retching incidence

Massage and inhalation aromatherapy seemed promising regarding the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), with nausea severity significantly lower in the massage and inhalation aromatherapy groups than in the control group. Nausea and retching incidence was reduced in the aromatherapy groups compared with that in the control group.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

12.

Prophylactic Therapy of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children: Comparison of Amitriptyline and Cyproheptadine: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: BadihianNegin, SaneianHossein, BadihianShervin, YaghiniOmid

CVS treatment

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of amitriptyline and cyproheptadine in prophylactic therapy of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Bimodal Release Ondansetron for Acute Gastroenteritis Among Adolescents and Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: SilvermanRobert A, HouseStacey L, MeltzerAndrew C, HahnBarry, LovatoLuis M, AvarelloJahn, MillerJoseph B, KalfusIra N, FathiReza, RadayGilead, PlasseTerry F, YanEric C

Nausea and vomiting relief

Vomiting from gastroenteritis (stomach flu) is often treated with anti-nausea medications given through a vein. If effective oral treatments were available, people might not need intravenous fluids or medications. Additionally, a long-lasting oral medication could provide longer relief from nausea and vomiting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Effect of peppermint-lemon aromatherapy on nausea-vomiting and quality of life in pediatric patients with leukemia: A randomized controlled trial.

Author: ŞancıYağmur, YıldızSuzan, AyçiçekAli, MöhürNaciye

Nausea-vomiting management
Quality of life

In children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy, inhalation aromatherapy with peppermint-lemon was effective in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea-vomiting symptoms and improving quality of life compared to placebo and control groups.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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