Causes of warts: A Synthesis of Findings from 7 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

These research papers highlight various findings regarding the causes and treatments of warts. Notably, a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant contributor to wart development. Additionally, research suggests that topical injections of vitamin D or the MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine may be effective treatments for warts. 5 , 3

Causes and Reasons

Warts are caused by a virus called HPV. HPV infects the top layer of the skin and mucous membranes, causing an increase in cell growth that leads to wart formation. , 4 , , , 1 , 6 , , 2 , , , , 7 , , , 3 , , , , , , , ,

Common Causes of Warts

HPV Infection

HPV is often spread through sexual contact and can cause warts on the anus and genitals. , 4 , 1 , 2 , ,

Weakened Immune System

A weakened immune system increases the risk of HPV infection. This is common during pregnancy or with conditions such as HIV infection. , ,

Trauma

Skin injuries like cuts or scrapes can create entry points for HPV.

Moisture

Moist environments can promote HPV growth. Warts are often found in moist areas like the soles of feet or between the toes. ,

Treatment and Prevention of Warts

HPV Vaccine

The HPV vaccine helps prevent HPV infection. Vaccination is recommended to reduce the risk of HPV infection through sexual contact. 4 , ,

Boosting the Immune System

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, sufficient sleep, and regular exercise can strengthen the immune system.

Skin Hygiene

Keep your skin clean by washing your hands frequently. Be especially careful with cuts and scrapes, disinfecting them as needed.

Avoiding Moisture

After exercising in humid conditions or bathing, dry your skin thoroughly with a towel. ,

Comparing Research Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

Many research studies indicate that HPV infection is a major factor in the development of warts. , 4 , , , 1 , 6 , , 2 , , , , 7 , , , 3 , , , , , , , ,

Differences Among Studies

Research has shown that different types of HPV and locations of infection can result in varying wart symptoms and treatments. , ,

Real-Life Application: Points to Consider

Warts can spread to others and increase in number if left untreated. In rare cases, they may even become cancerous. It is crucial to consult a dermatologist promptly when a wart is discovered and receive proper treatment. 4 , ,

Current Research Limitations

Many wart treatments are still under investigation, and established treatments are limited. The mechanisms behind wart development are not entirely understood. Further research is needed to develop more effective treatments and preventive measures. 6 , 3

Future Research Directions

Further research on warts should focus on: 1. A comprehensive understanding of the HPV infection mechanism. 2. Development of novel treatments and preventive measures. 3. Verification of the effectiveness and safety of existing treatments. 4. Research on individuals and body parts prone to wart development. 5. Research on wart prevention.

Conclusion

Warts are primarily caused by the HPV virus. Contributing factors can include sexual contact, weakened immune systems, skin trauma, and moist environments. Vaccination against HPV, immune system strengthening, maintaining good skin hygiene, and avoiding moisture can help prevent warts. Seek a dermatologist’s advice and treatment for any warts. , 4 , , , 1 , 6 , , 2 , , , , 7 , , , 3 , , , , , , , ,

Literature analysis of 7 papers
Positive Content
5
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
0
Article Type
1
0
1
0
7
1.

Sex Differences in the Incidence and Clearance of Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Liuzhou, China: An Observational Cohort Study.

Author: WeiFeixue, GuoMeng, HuangShoujie, LiMingqiang, CuiXuelian, SuYingying, WuXin, MaXinjing, ZhengYa, HuangYue, WangLin, PanLili, WuTing, ZhangJun, XiaNingshao

HPV clearance

This observational cohort study investigated sex differences in the natural history of anogenital HPV infection. The incidence of oncogenic HPV infection was similar in men and women, but the incidence of HPV-6/11 infection was higher in men. Men were more likely to clear oncogenic infections than women, but no significant difference was found in the clearance of HPV-6/11 by sex. These findings suggest that sex-specific vaccination strategies should be considered for oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Prevalence and incidence of genital warts and cervical Human Papillomavirus infections in Nigerian women.

Author: DarengEileen O, AdebamowoSally N, FamootoAyotunde, OlawandeOluwatoyosi, OdutolaMichael K, OlaniyanYinka, OffiongRichard A, PharoahPaul P, AdebamowoClement A

HPV vaccination impact
Genital warts

Genital warts are common in Nigeria and HIV infection and number of sexual partners in the past year were important risk factors for prevalent and incident genital warts respectively. The study found that HPV11 was the only HPV associated with prevalent genital warts in this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

A comparative evaluation of therapeutic response in warts to intralesional vitamin D3 versus intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.

Author: SinghAnant Kumar, DeviKonsam Nirupama, BistJitender S

Wart clearance
Side effects

This single-blind randomized control trial compared the therapeutic response and side effect profile of intralesional vitamin D3 and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in treating cutaneous warts. The study found that both intralesional vitamin D3 and MMR are efficacious in treating cutaneous warts, with MMR agents being moderately better compared to vitamin D3.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

HPV-mediated Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review on Immunological Basis, Molecular Biology, and Immune Evasion Mechanisms.

Author: VanajothiRamar, SrikanthNatarajan, VijayakumarRajendran, PalanisamyManikandan, BhavaniramyaSundaresan, PremkumarKumpati

Potential for HPV vaccine development

Human papillomavirus (HPV) evades the host's immune mechanisms through various strategies, contributing to its persistence and the development of associated diseases, including cervical cancer. This review highlights the immunological aspects of HPV-associated cervical cancer and emphasizes the need for further research to develop effective antiviral treatments and vaccines.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

The efficacy of intralesional vitamin D3 injection in the treatment of cutaneous warts: A clinical therapeutic trial study.

Author: Al-SabakHaider, Al-HattabMohammed, Al-RammahiMarwah, Al-DhalimiMuhsin

Low cost
Wart removal
Itching
Swelling

Intralesional vitamin D3 is a safe and effective treatment for cutaneous warts. This clinical trial involving 40 patients with 204 cutaneous warts showed that 81.9% of patients experienced a complete response after four treatments, with a partial response in 11.3% and no response in 6.9%. The most common adverse event was mild swelling and itching. Warts completely disappeared in all patients who had a partial or modest response within 6 months of follow-up, except for one patient who had no reaction. Vitamin D3 is a low-cost treatment option for cutaneous warts.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Hospital Admission Trends Due to Viral Infections Characterised by Skin and Mucous Membrane Lesions in the Past Two Decades in England and Wales: An Ecological Study.

Author: NaserAbdallah Y, AlrawashdehHamzeh Mohammad, AlwafiHassan, AbuAlhommosAmal Khaleel, JalalZahraa, PaudyalVibhu, AlsairafiZahra Khalil, SalawatiEmad M, SamannodiMohammed, SweissKanar, AldalamehYousef, AlsalehFatemah M, AbusamakMohammad, ShamiehAhmad, TantawiEyad I, DairiMohammad S, DairiMotaz

Vaccination
Increased hospital admissions

Hospital admissions due to viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions increased in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019. Admissions were higher in females and the elderly.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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