Effects of colestipol: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Colestipol, a bile acid sequestrant, has been shown to be an effective treatment for hypercholesterolemia, particularly in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. 8 , 21 , 1 , 15 , 9 , 7 , 17 , 3 , 14 , 20 , 10 , 18 , 12 , 4 , 19 , 2 , 11 , , 5 , 6 , 13 , Colestipol works by binding to bile acids in the gut, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion in the feces. This leads to a decrease in LDL cholesterol levels. Colestipol can also increase HDL cholesterol levels, 8 , 18 , 12 which is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Research suggests that colestipol may enhance the effects of other lipid-lowering medications, such as fenofibrate and simvastatin. 8 , 1 , 9 Long-term studies suggest that colestipol therapy can also slow down the progression of atherosclerosis and may even promote regression of plaque in coronary arteries. 7 , 10 , 6 Furthermore, colestipol has shown to be effective in managing familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB), a genetic disorder leading to high cholesterol levels. 5

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Colestipol is a safe and effective treatment for high cholesterol. It helps lower LDL cholesterol, which is the bad cholesterol, and raise HDL cholesterol, which is the good cholesterol. Colestipol also works well in combination with other medications to further reduce cholesterol levels. It has been shown to help prevent heart disease and stroke. Colestipol has also been shown to be effective in managing familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB).

Risk Summary

The most common side effects of colestipol are gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, constipation, and stomach cramps. It can also raise blood sugar and insulin levels, so it's important to use caution in patients with diabetes. 19 Colestipol can interact with other medications, so it's essential to inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking before starting colestipol therapy. 13

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Most studies agree that colestipol is effective in lowering LDL cholesterol levels and may also raise HDL cholesterol levels. Colestipol has also been found to be safe and well-tolerated by most patients.

Differences

The effectiveness of colestipol may vary depending on factors such as the individual patient, their overall health, and the other medications they are taking. The dosage of colestipol also impacts its effectiveness, and different studies may use different dosages.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While numerous studies show colestipol's effectiveness in lowering LDL cholesterol levels, the response to treatment may vary between individuals. Some studies suggest that colestipol may lead to an increase in VLDL cholesterol levels, but others have not found this effect. 21 19 Further research is needed to better understand the nuances of colestipol's effects on different lipoprotein fractions.

Practical Applications and Precautions

Colestipol can be a valuable tool in managing high cholesterol levels, especially in conjunction with a healthy diet and lifestyle changes. However, it is crucial to discuss your medical history and current medications with your doctor before starting colestipol therapy. Regular monitoring of blood lipid levels and any potential side effects is essential while taking colestipol.

Limitations of Current Research

Further research is needed to better understand the long-term safety and efficacy of colestipol. Additionally, more research is required to determine how colestipol interacts with other medications and to evaluate its effectiveness in different patient populations.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term effects of colestipol therapy, including its impact on cardiovascular health. Researchers should also investigate how colestipol interacts with other medications and how its effectiveness may vary depending on the patient's individual characteristics. Studies evaluating the use of colestipol in specific patient populations, such as children and pregnant women, are also needed.

Conclusion

Colestipol is a safe and effective treatment for high cholesterol. It can help lower LDL cholesterol levels, raise HDL cholesterol levels, and may slow the progression of atherosclerosis. However, it is essential to use colestipol under the guidance of a healthcare professional due to potential side effects and interactions with other medications. Future research will help to further clarify the long-term effects and optimal use of this valuable medication.

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
18
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
0
Article Type
10
0
0
0
21
1.

Effects of colestipol alone and in combination with simvastatin on apolipoprotein B metabolism.

Author: GawA, PackardC J, LindsayG M, MurrayE F, GriffinB A, CaslakeM J, ColquhounI, WheatleyD J, LorimerA R, ShepherdJ

Hypercholesterolemia treatment

Colestipol therapy alone decreased total cholesterol by 14% and LDL cholesterol by 23%, while dual therapy with simvastatin further reduced these levels by 38% and 52%, respectively. The study investigated VLDL subfraction turnovers, suggesting that colestipol increased the VLDL apoB pool due to decreased clearance rate, while simvastatin enhanced LDL clearance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

The effects of colestipol tablets compared with colestipol granules on plasma cholesterol and other lipids in moderately hypercholesterolemic patients.

Author: InsullW, DavidsonM H, DemkeD M, DujovneC A, EckertS M, GinsbergD, GoldbergA C, HodisH N, HughesT A, KaneJ P

Reduces LDL-C
Well-tolerated
Gastrointestinal issues
Increased VLDL-C

Colestipol tablets are as effective as colestipol granules in reducing LDL-C in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, with similar safety profiles and patient acceptability.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

The effects of cholestyramine and colestipol on the absorption of diclofenac in man.

Author: al-BallaS R, el-SayedY M, al-MeshalM A, GoudaM W

Reduced diclofenac bioavailability

This study assessed the impact of cholestyramine and colestipol hydrochloride on the absorption of diclofenac. The results indicated that both drugs significantly reduced diclofenac bioavailability, with cholestyramine having a greater effect.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on the common carotid artery. Two- and four-year reduction of intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound.

Author: BlankenhornD H, SelzerR H, CrawfordD W, BarthJ D, LiuC R, LiuC H, MackW J, AlaupovicP

Atherosclerosis Treatment

The Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study included a pilot study of standardized carotid ultrasound imaging for evaluating the treatment effects of colestipol plus niacin.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

5.

Hypocholesterolemic effects of cholestyramine and colestipol in patients with familial defective apolipoprotein B-100.

Author: SchmidtE B, IllingworthD R, BaconS, MahleyR W, WeisgraberK H

Treats hypercholesterolemia

Bile acid sequestrants, such as cholestyramine and colestipol, effectively lower LDL cholesterol in patients with familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB) and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

Effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on human femoral atherosclerosis.

Author: BlankenhornD H, AzenS P, CrawfordD W, NessimS A, SanmarcoM E, SelzerR H, ShircoreA M, WickhamE C

Reduced atherosclerosis progression

This study examined the effect of cholesterol-lowering treatment on the progression of atherosclerosis in the femoral arteries of men who had previously undergone heart bypass surgery. The study found that the treatment, a combination of colestipol, niacin, and diet, significantly slowed the progression of atherosclerosis in segments with moderate to severe disease and in the proximal segments of the arteries. While significant, the effect was less pronounced than previously observed in coronary arteries.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin on coronary atherosclerosis. A 4-year follow-up.

Author: Cashin-HemphillL, MackW J, PogodaJ M, SanmarcoM E, AzenS P, BlankenhornD H

Decreased atherosclerosis
Increased regression
Reduced new lesions

Combined colestipol-niacin therapy was found to decrease atherosclerosis progression and increase regression in patients with coronary artery disease. In the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS-II), a subgroup of 103 subjects treated for 4 years, significantly more drug-treated subjects demonstrated nonprogression and regression of native coronary artery lesions compared to placebo-treated subjects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

8.

Low-dose colestipol plus fenofibrate: effects on plasma lipoproteins, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and postheparin lipases in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Author: WeisweilerP

HDL cholesterol increase
LDL cholesterol reduction
VLDL cholesterol increase

Both colestipol and fenofibrate were effective in reducing LDL cholesterol in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. The combination of both drugs was more effective.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Effects of combined therapy with lovastatin and colestipol in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Effects on kinetics of apolipoprotein B.

Author: VegaG L, EastC, GrundyS M

Cholesterol reduction
LDL reduction

This study examined the effects of combining lovastatin and colestipol on lipoprotein levels and breakdown in 10 men with familial hypercholesterolemia. The combination treatment significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, while also reducing VLDL cholesterol. The primary mechanism of action appeared to be an increase in the activity of LDL receptors, which help remove cholesterol from the blood, rather than a reduction in the production of lipoproteins. The study suggests that combining these medications can be effective in lowering cholesterol levels.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

10.

Beneficial effects of combined colestipol-niacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts.

Author: BlankenhornD H, NessimS A, JohnsonR L, SanmarcoM E, AzenS P, Cashin-HemphillL

Improved coronary status
Reduced atherosclerosis progression
Reduced coronary artery lesions

Combined colestipol hydrochloride and niacin therapy reduced total plasma cholesterol by 26%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 43%, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 37% over two years. This resulted in a significant reduction in the progression of lesions (P<.03), the formation of new atheroma (P<.03), and new lesions in bypass grafts (P<.03). Atherosclerosis regression occurred in 16.2% of colestipol-niacin treated patients compared to 2.4% of placebo-treated patients (P=.002).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Effects of combined probucol-colestipol treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease.

Author: KuoP T, WilsonA C, KostisJ B, MoreyraA E

Prevent new lesions
Stabilize lesions
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Headache
Joint stiffness

Combined probucol-colestipol therapy plus diet was effective in treating familial hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease. The combination therapy stabilized the progression of existing lesions and prevented the formation of new lesions.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Fenofibrate and colestipol: effects on serum and lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Author: WeisweilerP, MerkW, JacobB, SchwandtP

Lipid reduction

Fenofibrate alone reduced VLDL and LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Adding colestipol further reduced LDL cholesterol and the effects were maintained with less fenofibrate.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Effects of cholestyramine and colestipol on the plasma concentrations of propranolol.

Author: HibbardD M, PetersJ R, HunninghakeD B

Lowers cholesterol
Decreased propranolol effect

Cholestyramine and colestipol, both hypolipidaemic agents, significantly reduced plasma concentrations of propranolol and its metabolite, 4'-hydroxypropranolol, in 12 normal volunteers. This interaction may lead to a diminished effect of propranolol.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

14.

The effects of cholestyramine, colestipol, and ADR-132 on the rat prostate and dunning R-3327 adenocarcinoma.

Author: BrownW J, KarrJ P, McGarryM, WilliamsP D, HagermanL M, MurphyG P

None reported
None reported

Cholestyramine, colestipol, and ADR-132 did not reduce serum cholesterol levels in rats with prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

15.

The effects of colestipol hydrochloride on serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein B and A-I concentrations in children heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia.

Author: GrootP H, Dijkhuis-StoffelsmaR, GroseW F, AmbagtsheerJ J, FernandesJ

Lowered cholesterol

Colestipol hydrochloride significantly reduced serum very low plus low density lipoprotein concentrations in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. High density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum apolipoprotein A-I and serum triglycerides remained unaltered.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Comparison of the effects of colestipol hydrochloride and clofibrate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Author: SeplowitzA H, SmithF R, BernsL, EderH A, GoodmanD S

Reduced LDL cholesterol
Reduced total cholesterol
Reduced triglycerides

Colestipol HCl resin was more effective than clofibrate in reducing cholesterol levels in 65 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Both drugs reduced LDL cholesterol levels, and clofibrate lowered triglycerides.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

18.

Effects of colestipol, clofibrate, and placebo on plasma lipoproteins of patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Author: CrouseJ R, GrundyS M

Lowered cholesterol

Colestipol and clofibrate were both effective in lowering cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia and normal triglyceride levels.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

19.

The effects of colestipol when combined with clofibrate in the treatment of severe hyperlipidemia. Short-term and long-term studies.

Author: LithellH, VessbyB, BobergJ, HellsingK

Lower cholesterol
Maintain reduced lipid levels
Increased blood glucose
Increased insulin

Colestipol is effective in lowering cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia. However, it can increase fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels, so it should not be used in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

The effects of colestipol on the metabolism of very-low-density lipoproteins in man.

Author: WitztumJ L, SchonfeldG, WeidmanS W

LDL cholesterol reduction
Triglyceride elevation

Colestipol acutely decreased LDL cholesterol and increased VLDL triglycerides in patients with Type II hyperlipoproteinemia. With prolonged therapy, VLDL and HDL levels returned to baseline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

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