Side Effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin c): A Synthesis of Findings from 7 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects, possibly by reducing inflammation. 5 found that ascorbic acid inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a molecule involved in inflammation, in nerve cells. It also enhances the effects of aspirin, a common anti-inflammatory drug. 6 showed that high doses of ascorbic acid can improve nerve damage in a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a genetic disorder affecting the nerves. 3 proposes a clinical trial to investigate the potential benefits of combining ascorbic acid with vitamin E for treating fragile X syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting brain development.

Reasons for Side Effects

While generally safe in moderate doses, ascorbic acid can cause side effects when taken in high doses. This is because it is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning the body doesn't store excess amounts, and high levels can overwhelm the body's ability to process it. 2 highlights the potential for side effects with long-term use of high-dose vitamin C.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

High doses of ascorbic acid can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. 2 mentions these potential side effects with long-term high-dose use. 4 also notes that high doses of intravenous ascorbic acid can cause gastrointestinal side effects.

Kidney

Ascorbic acid can strain the kidneys, especially in high doses. This can lead to kidney stones and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. 4 warns about the potential burden on the kidneys with high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid.

Other

Other potential side effects of high-dose ascorbic acid include headache, dizziness, rashes, and drowsiness. 2 mentions a range of possible side effects associated with high-dose use.

Side Effect Countermeasures

Gastrointestinal

To minimize gastrointestinal side effects, taking ascorbic acid in smaller doses or with food can be helpful. Increasing fluid intake is also recommended. 2 does not provide specific countermeasures for side effects but highlights the importance of caution with long-term high-dose use.

Kidney

To prevent strain on the kidneys, staying well-hydrated is essential. If you have existing kidney problems, it's crucial to consult a doctor before taking ascorbic acid supplements. 4 does not offer specific countermeasures but emphasizes the potential kidney burden with high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid.

Other

If you experience any side effects from ascorbic acid, it's crucial to consult your doctor. 2 encourages seeking medical advice for any potential issues with high-dose use.

Comparison Between Studies

Common Points of Studies

These studies all explore the potential benefits of ascorbic acid, especially for neurological conditions, while also acknowledging the potential risks associated with high doses. 5 , 6 , 3 , 7 , 4 , 2 , 1 all highlight the need for further research to fully understand the benefits and risks of ascorbic acid.

Differences Between Studies

The studies differ in their specific focus: 5 looks at neuroprotective effects, 6 examines CMT, 3 focuses on fragile X syndrome. 7 reviews the effects on endurance, 4 investigates high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid in cancer patients, 2 looks at mitochondrion-permeable antioxidants, and 1 investigates the potential for suppressing amphetamine-induced drug abuse. The dosage of ascorbic acid also varies: 6 uses high doses in a CMT mouse model, 3 proposes a trial with combined ascorbic acid and vitamin E, and 4 explores high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid in cancer patients.

Points to Note for Application in Real Life

While ascorbic acid is essential for health, it's crucial to remember that high doses can cause problems. Consult a doctor before taking ascorbic acid supplements, especially if you have kidney problems. Getting ascorbic acid from a balanced diet is generally the safest approach.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on ascorbic acid's safety and effectiveness is still ongoing. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of high-dose ascorbic acid, particularly for specific health conditions.

Future Research Directions

Further research on the safety and effectiveness of ascorbic acid is essential, especially regarding long-term high-dose use. More studies are needed to explore the benefits and risks of ascorbic acid for various diseases and conditions.

Conclusion

Ascorbic acid is a valuable nutrient, but high doses can cause side effects. Consult a doctor before taking supplements, and prioritize getting adequate ascorbic acid from a balanced diet. Further research is needed to fully understand the benefits and risks of ascorbic acid.

Literature analysis of 7 papers
Positive Content
6
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
2
0
0
2
7
1.

Separate and combined impact of acute naltrexone and alprazolam on subjective and physiological effects of oral d-amphetamine in stimulant users.

Author: MarksKatherine R, LileJoshua A, StoopsWilliam W, RushCraig R

Stimulant abuse attenuation
Side effects

Opioid antagonists (e.g., naltrexone) and GABAA receptor modulators (e.g., alprazolam) can reduce stimulant abuse, but high doses lead to side effects. This article suggests combining naltrexone and alprazolam to maximize efficacy while avoiding side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

2.

Mitochondrion-Permeable Antioxidants to Treat ROS-Burst-Mediated Acute Diseases.

Author: ZhangZhong-Wei, XuXiao-Chao, LiuTing, YuanShu

Antioxidant
Side effects

Antioxidants play a crucial role in treating ROS-related diseases. This review compares mitochondrion-permeable antioxidants, including astaxanthin, and discusses their potential benefits and limitations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

A combination of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol to test the effectiveness and safety in the fragile X syndrome: study protocol for a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Author: de Diego-OteroYolanda, Calvo-MedinaRocio, Quintero-NavarroCarolina, Sánchez-SalidoLourdes, García-GuiradoFrancisco, del Arco-HerreraIgnacio, Fernández-CarvajalIsabel, Ferrando-LucasTeresa, Caballero-AndaluzRafaela, Pérez-CostillasLucia

FXS treatment

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic condition that affects both boys and girls, causing developmental delays, behavioral problems, and physical and neurological issues. This study examines whether a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E is effective in reducing symptoms of FXS in boys ages 6-18, compared to a placebo. The study will also assess the safety of the treatment and look for changes in behavior, cognitive function, blood levels, and how the treatment affects home and school settings.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Clinical experience with intravenous administration of ascorbic acid: achievable levels in blood for different states of inflammation and disease in cancer patients.

Author: MikirovaNina, CasciariJoseph, RiordanNeil, HunninghakeRonald

Cancer treatment

Intravenous high-dose ascorbate (IVC) therapy has gained popularity as a potential cancer treatment. While thousands of patients have received IVC without significant adverse effects, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Ascorbic acid enhances the inhibitory effect of aspirin on neuronal cyclooxygenase-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 production.

Author: Candelario-JalilEduardo, AkundiRavi S, BhatiaHarsharan S, LiebKlaus, AppelKurt, MuñozEduardo, HüllMichael, FiebichBernd L

Neuroprotection
Reduced PGE2 synthesis

Ascorbic acid was shown to inhibit interleukin-1beta-mediated prostaglandin E2 synthesis in a human neuronal cell line, suggesting potential neuroprotective effects. Combining ascorbic acid with aspirin may enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Current Therapy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease.

Author: GrandisMarina, ShyMichael E

Improved neuropathy
Improved quality of life
Side effects

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a common inherited neurological disorder. While there is no cure, recent research has identified potential treatments, including onapristone and vitamin C.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Vitamins and endurance training. Food for running or faddish claims?

Author: van der BeekE J

Megavitamin Side Effects

A restricted intake of B-complex vitamins may decrease endurance capacity. Vitamin supplementation does not improve physical performance in athletes with normal vitamin balance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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