Effects of avacopan: A Synthesis of Findings from 18 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major findings

Avacopan is an oral, small-molecule C5aR antagonist that blocks the effects of C5a, a key inflammatory mediator in the complement system. 6 It has shown promising results in treating a rare autoimmune disease called ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). 4 Avacopan appears to be as effective as, or even better than, high-dose corticosteroids in achieving remission and maintaining it in patients with AAV. 17 Furthermore, Avacopan may reduce the risk of side effects associated with corticosteroids. 17 , 4 , 5 There is also evidence suggesting that Avacopan might help slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease. 16

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

Avacopan has shown promising results in treating ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). 4 Avacopan appears to be as effective as, or even better than, high-dose corticosteroids in achieving remission and maintaining it in patients with AAV. 17 Furthermore, Avacopan may reduce the risk of side effects associated with corticosteroids. 17 , 4 , 5 There is also evidence suggesting that Avacopan might help slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease. 16

Risk summary

Although Avacopan hasn't been linked to serious side effects in clinical trials, 10 it has been reported to cause thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). 10 Therefore, it is crucial to monitor platelet counts closely when using Avacopan. 10

Comparison across studies

Commonalities across studies

Multiple studies have consistently shown that Avacopan is a promising treatment for ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), potentially offering similar or better efficacy than high-dose corticosteroids in inducing and maintaining remission. 17 , 4 , 5 Avacopan also appears to lower the risk of corticosteroid-related side effects. 17 , 4 , 5

Differences across studies

Some studies have explored additional potential benefits of Avacopan, such as slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease. 16 Additionally, a case report has documented a possible side effect of Avacopan, thrombocytopenia. 10

Consistency and contradictions in results

Several studies consistently support the potential of Avacopan as a promising treatment for ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), demonstrating comparable or superior efficacy to high-dose corticosteroids in achieving remission and minimizing corticosteroid-associated adverse events. 17 , 4 , 5 However, one case report suggests a possible side effect of thrombocytopenia. 10

Implications for everyday life

Avacopan holds potential as a valuable treatment for ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), possibly providing similar or better efficacy than conventional high-dose corticosteroids while minimizing corticosteroid-associated side effects. 17 , 4 , 5 However, it is crucial to monitor platelet counts carefully during Avacopan treatment due to the possibility of thrombocytopenia. 10

Limitations of current research

More research is required to fully understand the long-term effects and safety of Avacopan. 4 Further investigation is also needed to determine the optimal dosage and administration methods for Avacopan. 4

Future research directions

Further research is required to fully understand the long-term effects and safety of Avacopan. 4 Additional studies are also needed to determine the optimal dosage and administration methods for Avacopan. 4

Conclusion

Avacopan is a promising new treatment option for ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). 4 It shows potential to be as effective as, or even better than, high-dose corticosteroids in achieving remission and minimizing corticosteroid-associated side effects. 17 However, monitoring platelet counts closely during Avacopan treatment is crucial due to the possibility of thrombocytopenia. 10

Literature analysis of 18 papers
Positive Content
18
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
0
1
0
7
17
4.

Avacopan, a Novel Competitive C5a Receptor Antagonist, for Severe Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Vasculitis.

Author: NguyenIvan D, SinnathambyEvan S, MasonJoseph, UrbanBretton, NeuchatElisa E, WengerDanielle M, AhmadzadehShahab, ShekoohiSahar, KayeAlan D

ANCA vasculitis treatment
Avacopan efficacy

Avacopan is a drug that is used to treat ANCA-associated vasculitis. This review article examines the current standard of care for ANCA-associated vasculitis with the combination of avacopan. The review found that avacopan is effective in treating ANCA-associated vasculitis and can reduce the need for high-dose corticosteroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Successful treatment with avacopan (CCX168) in a pediatric patient with C3 glomerulonephritis.

Author: ZottaFederica, Diomedi-CamasseiFrancesca, GargiuloAntonio, CappoliAndrea, EmmaFrancesco, VivarelliMarina

C5aR antagonist

This abstract discusses C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN), a subtype of C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), and the potential of avacopan, a C5aR antagonist, as a treatment option.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

A Canadian vasculitis patient-driven survey to highlight which prednisone-related side effects matter the most.

Author: YardimciGozde Kubra, PagnouxChristian, StewartJon

Treats vasculitis
Glucocorticoid side effects

Glucocorticoids (GC) are essential for treating vasculitis, but their side effects are not as well-studied in this patient population compared to other rheumatic conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Avacopan for the Treatment of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-Associated Vasculitis.

Author: AlihosseiniChristopher, KopelmanHannah, ZainoMallory, FeldmanSteven R

ANCA vasculitis
Side effects

Avacopan is safe and effective for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis, with similar or better efficacy and fewer side effects than existing treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Thrombocytopenia during avacopan administration: A case report.

Author: MorimotoNobuhisa, MoriTakayasu, ShiojiShingo, WatanabeHatsumi, SakaiKeigo, MoriKatsuo, YamamuraAyumi, HaniokaAsami, AkagiYuichiro, FujikiTamami, MandaiShintaro, MoriYutaro, AndoFumiaki, SusaKoichiro, IimoriSoichiro, NaitoShotaro, SoharaEisei, UchidaShinichi

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis treatment
Microscopic polyangiitis treatment
Thrombocytopenia

This case report describes a 78-year-old man with microscopic polyangiitis who developed thrombocytopenia after starting avacopan, a novel C5a receptor antagonist. The case highlights the importance of postmarketing surveillance to identify adverse events not reported in clinical trials and emphasizes the need for careful platelet monitoring when using avacopan.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

11.

Management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a changing tide.

Author: KrishnanAnoushka, WalshMichael, CollisterDavid

AAV treatment

AAV is an autoimmune disease affecting small blood vessels. Current treatments, including steroids, have improved outcomes but can cause serious side effects like infections. This review explores recent advancements in AAV treatment, highlighting newer therapies with potentially better safety profiles.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Role of complement activation in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis.

Author: KojimaTadasu, OdaTakashi

AAGN treatment
Complement system
Personalized treatments

This review discusses the role of the complement system in the development of ANCA associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN) in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). While the exact pathway involved needs further elucidation, targeting complement components may offer new therapeutic strategies for managing AAGN.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Steroid Sparing Therapies for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies Associated Vasculitis.

Author: RamirezMaria Jose Zabala, VuDuy, JainKoyal

Minimized glucocorticoid adverse effects
New medicine targeting alternative complement system

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a rare condition that affects blood vessels. This review focuses on new trends in the management of ANCA vasculitis, including minimizing glucocorticoid use and exploring a new medicine targeting the alternative complement system.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

C5aR1 antagonism alters microglial polarization and mitigates disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: Gomez-ArboledasAngela, CarvalhoKlebea, Balderrama-GutierrezGabriela, ChuShu-Hui, LiangHeidi Yahan, SchartzNicole D, SelvanPurnika, PetriskoTiffany J, PanMiranda A, MortazaviAli, TennerAndrea J

Neuroprotective effects
Reduced amyloid load
Rescue of pre-synaptic loss

The study investigated the role of C5a-C5aR1 signaling in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the potential of C5aR1 inhibition as a therapeutic target. Using PMX205, a C5aR1 antagonist, in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, the study observed reduced dystrophic neurites, amyloid load, and presynaptic loss, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 could be a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Complement Inhibition in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis.

Author: TesarVladimir, HruskovaZdenka

Improved AAV safety
Improved AAV treatment
Reduced corticosteroid use

This review discusses the treatment of Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and the challenges associated with its toxicity. The review highlights the use of avacopan, a C5a receptor inhibitor, as a promising alternative to high-dose corticosteroids for the induction treatment of AAV, offering similar efficacy with better safety. The review also discusses other modes of inhibition of the alternative complement pathway that are currently being tested or could be considered for the treatment of AAV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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