Side Effects of bimatoprost topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Bimatoprost is a prostaglandin analog used to treat glaucoma. While bimatoprost is effective in lowering intraocular pressure, it can also cause a number of side effects. This paper summarizes the research findings on the side effects of bimatoprost, discusses its mechanism, countermeasures, precautions for practical applications, and future research directions.

Reasons for Side Effects

Bimatoprost is a prostaglandin F2α analog, and its effect of lowering intraocular pressure is due to relaxation of the ciliary muscle and increased outflow of aqueous humor. 14 . The side effects of bimatoprost are caused by the action of this prostaglandin F2α analog. Specifically, as stated in 22 , bimatoprost can act on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, potentially causing side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Bimatoprost can also directly affect the ciliary muscle, potentially causing side effects such as a decrease in eyelid fat and a decrease in the volume of the orbit. 11 Bimatoprost can also affect hair follicles, promoting eyelash growth or scalp hair follicle growth. 16 Additionally, bimatoprost can cause pigmentation of the iris. 12 Furthermore, bimatoprost can cause conjunctival hyperemia and increased tear production. 27

Common Side Effects

Eyelash Growth

Bimatoprost is well-known for promoting eyelash growth. 12 This side effect is due to the action of bimatoprost on hair follicles, promoting hair growth. 16 While this side effect is desired by many people, it can become a cosmetic problem for some people whose eyelashes grow too long. 10

Decrease in Eyelid Fat

Bimatoprost can cause side effects such as a decrease in eyelid fat and a decrease in the volume of the orbit. 11 This side effect is thought to be due to the direct action of bimatoprost on the ciliary muscle. 11

Conjunctival Hyperemia

Bimatoprost can cause conjunctival hyperemia. 12 This side effect is thought to be due to the action of bimatoprost on the conjunctiva, causing vasodilation. 27

Iris Pigmentation

Bimatoprost can cause pigmentation of the iris. 12 This side effect is thought to be due to the action of bimatoprost on the iris, promoting melanin production. 12

Increased Tear Production

Bimatoprost can cause increased tear production. 27 This side effect is thought to be due to the action of bimatoprost on the lacrimal gland, promoting tear secretion. 27

Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea

Bimatoprost can act on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, potentially causing side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 22 This side effect is thought to be due to bimatoprost being a prostaglandin F2α analog, acting on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. 22

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Eyelash Growth

Discontinuing the use of bimatoprost will stop eyelash growth. 12 Also, if the eyelashes grow too long, you can adjust the length by trimming them or using eyelash serum.

Decrease in Eyelid Fat

To prevent a decrease in eyelid fat and a decrease in the volume of the orbit, you need to stop using bimatoprost or reduce the dosage. 11 Using creams or serums containing cosmetic ingredients such as hyaluronic acid can also be effective.

Conjunctival Hyperemia

Conjunctival hyperemia usually disappears within a few weeks after discontinuing the use of bimatoprost. 12 Also, applying cold compresses to the eyes or consulting an ophthalmologist can alleviate symptoms.

Iris Pigmentation

Iris pigmentation does not reverse even after discontinuing the use of bimatoprost. 12 However, this side effect is only a cosmetic problem.

Increased Tear Production

Increased tear production usually disappears within a few weeks after discontinuing the use of bimatoprost. 27 Also, using eye drops or consulting an ophthalmologist can alleviate symptoms.

Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea

If you experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, stop using bimatoprost and consult your doctor. 22 Also, make sure to drink plenty of fluids and eat easily digestible foods to alleviate symptoms.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

The studies presented in this paper have a common finding that bimatoprost is effective in lowering intraocular pressure, but it can also cause side effects such as eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, and iris pigmentation.

Differences Between Studies

The incidence and severity of side effects vary depending on the study. For example, 27 reports that bimatoprost is more likely to cause conjunctival hyperemia than travoprost. Additionally, 22 reports that bimatoprost is less likely to cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea compared to latanoprost or travoprost.

Precautions for Practical Application

While bimatoprost is effective in lowering intraocular pressure, it can also cause a number of side effects. Therefore, when using bimatoprost, consult your ophthalmologist to understand the risks and benefits of side effects before using it. 12 Also, be aware of side effects while using bimatoprost, and consult your doctor immediately if you experience any abnormalities.

Limitations of Current Research

The studies presented in this paper are all small-scale studies on the side effects of bimatoprost. Large-scale and long-term studies are needed.

Future Research Directions

To further investigate the side effects of bimatoprost, large-scale and long-term studies are needed. Research is also needed to clarify the mechanisms by which bimatoprost causes side effects, as well as to develop methods to reduce side effects.

Conclusion

Bimatoprost is effective in lowering intraocular pressure, but it can also cause a number of side effects. When using bimatoprost, consult your ophthalmologist to understand the risks and benefits of side effects before using it. Also, be aware of side effects while using bimatoprost, and consult your doctor immediately if you experience any abnormalities. Future research is expected to improve our understanding of the side effects of bimatoprost and make bimatoprost safer to use.

Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
4
Article Type
7
2
2
7
27
1.

Changes in depressive status associated with topical beta-blockers.

Author: DuchS, DuchC, PastóL, FerrerP

Less depression
Depression risk

Betaxolol may be less likely than timolol to induce depression in predisposed patients. In a small study of glaucomatous patients, those treated with timolol had higher depression scores than those treated with betaxolol.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

The significance of reactions to betaxolol reported by patients.

Author: BrooksA M, BurdenJ G, GilliesW E

Respiratory safety
Respiratory side effects

Betaxolol, an ocular hypotensive drug, was studied for its respiratory safety. Despite some patients reporting wheeze or respiratory distress, no changes in respiratory function were observed with betaxolol in a double-masked clinical study.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Bimatoprost (0.03%)-induced accommodative spasm and pseudomyopia.

Author: PadhyDebananda, RaoAparna

Glaucoma treatment
Accommodative spasm
Pseudomyopia

Bimatoprost, a prostaglandin analog for glaucoma, can cause eyelash growth, iris pigmentation, and conjunctival redness. This report describes a young glaucoma patient who developed pseudomyopia and accommodative spasm after starting bimatoprost.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Combined microneedling with topical vitamin D3 or bimatoprost versus microneedling alone in the treatment of alopecia areata: A comparative randomized trial.

Author: AliMona S, HafizHala S A, AhmedNaglaa A, GalalSara Ahmed

Localized AA treatment

Topical vitamin D3 and bimatoprost combined with microneedling (MN) are safe and effective treatments for localized alopecia areata (AA).

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Uveitis and cystoid macular oedema secondary to topical prostaglandin analogue use in ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma.

Author: HuJason, VuJames Thinh, HongBrian, GottliebChloe

Treatment of glaucoma
Cystoid macular oedema
Uveitis

Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are commonly used to treat glaucoma. This report reviewed the original data regarding the potential side effects of PGAs, specifically uveitis and cystoid macular oedema (CME), which can lead to vision loss. The report also determined the incidence of these side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

6.

Fixed-combination treatments for intraocular hypertension in Chinese patients - focus on bimatoprost-timolol.

Author: FangYuan, LingZhihong, SunXinghuai

Cost effectiveness
Glaucoma treatment

This review discusses the use of bimatoprost-timolol fixed combination (BTFC) for the treatment of glaucoma in China. BTFC is a combination of two medications that lower intraocular pressure (IOP), which is the primary cause of glaucoma. The review highlights the efficacy, tolerability, and cost-effectiveness of BTFC in Chinese patients, concluding that it has potential for the treatment of glaucoma in this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

The impact of timolol maleate on the ocular tolerability of fixed-combination glaucoma therapies.

Author: RadcliffeNathan M

Fixed-combination therapy tolerability
Glaucoma treatment
Timolol maleate effectiveness

This review examined clinical data on the ocular surface tolerability of fixed-combination medications containing timolol maleate for glaucoma. Some fixed-combination therapies were associated with a reduced risk of common side effects compared to their individual components.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

New glaucoma medications in the geriatric population: efficacy and safety.

Author: NovackGary D, O'DonnellMartin J, MolloyD William

Glaucoma treatment
Systemic effects

This review examines the efficacy and side effects of ocular hypotensive medications recently introduced for glaucoma treatment. Geriatricians should be aware of these medications and their potential interactions with other diseases or medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Bimatoprost-induced chemical blepharoplasty.

Author: SarnoffDeborah S, GotkinRobert H

Improved appearance
Rejuvenating effect
Periorbital disfigurement

Topical application of bimatoprost ophthalmic solution (Latisse) can improve the appearance of the periorbital area beyond just eyelash enhancement. This effect is being explored as a potential "chemical blepharoplasty", but it is important to be aware of the risk of periorbital disfigurement.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Do Prostaglandin Analogue Lash Lengtheners Cause Eyelid Fat and Volume Loss?

Author: JamisonAaron, OkaforLinda, UllrichKatja, SchiedlerVivian, MalhotraRaman

Eyelash lengthening
Periorbital volume loss

Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are commonly used to treat glaucoma and are also marketed as eyelash-lengthening serums. Periorbital volume loss is a known side effect of topical PGAs used for glaucoma, but this has not been reported as a potential side effect of lash-lengthening serums containing PGAs. This raises concerns about the potential for periorbital volume loss associated with these popular cosmetic products.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Comparison of the ocular hypotensive effects of bimatoprost and timolol-dorzolamide combination in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: a 6-month study.

Author: OzturkFaruk, ErmisSitki Samet, InanUmit Ubeyt

Similar IOP reduction
Well tolerated

Bimatoprost and timolol-dorzolamide combination were equally effective in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension over a 6-month period. Both treatments were well tolerated. Bimatoprost can be used as a long-term monotherapy agent for these conditions.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

Discovery, characterization and clinical utility of prostaglandin agonists for the treatment of glaucoma.

Author: KlimkoPeter G, SharifNajam A

Lower intraocular pressure

Prostaglandin F2α analogues are effective topical treatments for glaucoma, a blinding disease, and they lower intraocular pressure without significant side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Corneal sterile infiltration induced by topical use of ocular hypotensive agent.

Author: ManabeYusuke, SawadaAkira, MochizukiKiyofumi

Corneal opacity
Neovascularization

Two cases of corneal and conjunctival complications were suspected as side effects after brimonidine eye drop use. Patients should be monitored closely for changes in the ocular surface when topical brimonidine is administered.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

The prostamide-related glaucoma therapy, bimatoprost, offers a novel approach for treating scalp alopecias.

Author: KhidhirKarzan G, WoodwardDavid F, FarjoNilofer P, FarjoBessam K, TangElaine S, WangJenny W, PicksleySteven M, RandallValerie A

Hair regrowth

This study investigated the potential of bimatoprost, a prostamide F(2α) analog, for treating scalp alopecias. Bimatoprost stimulated human scalp follicles in culture and rodent pelage follicles in vivo, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for balding.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Bimatoprost loaded nanovesicular long-acting sub-conjunctival in-situ gelling implant: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Author: YadavMonika, Guzman-AranguezAna, Perez de LaraMaria J, SinghMandeep, SinghJoga, KaurIndu Pal

Sustained IOP reduction

A novel sustained release bimatoprost loaded nanovesicular - thermosensitive in-situ gelling implant provides an improved modality for antiglaucoma medication.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Prevention of dermatologic side effects of bimatoprost 0.03% topical therapy.

Author: CentofantiMarco, OddoneFrancesco, ChimentiSergio, TangaLucia, CitarellaLuigi, ManniGianluca

Reduced skin pigmentation
Eyelash growth
Skin hypertrichosis

Reducing contact between bimatoprost eye drops and the skin of the eyelids significantly reduced the incidence of eyelash growth and pigmentation in the inferonasal pericanthal region. However, there was no difference in pigmentation in the inferotemporal region or skin hypertrichosis between the two eyes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

In Vivo Effects of Preservative-free and Preserved Prostaglandin Analogs: Mouse Ocular Surface Study.

Author: KimJee Hyun, KimEun Joo, KimYeoun-Hee, KimYong Il, LeeSe-Hyung, JungJae-Chang, LeeKyoo Won, ParkYoung Jeung

Hypotensive treatment
Preservative side effects

This study evaluated the effects of prostaglandin analogs with varying concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), preservative-free (PF), and alternative preservatives on mouse corneal tissue.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Intracameral Sustained-Release Bimatoprost Implant Delivers Bimatoprost to Target Tissues with Reduced Drug Exposure to Off-Target Tissues.

Author: SealJennifer R, RobinsonMichael R, BurkeJames, BejanianMarina, CooteMichael, AttarMayssa

Lower intraocular pressure

This study compared the ocular distribution of bimatoprost, a drug used to lower eye pressure, when delivered via a sustained-release implant versus repeated topical applications in dogs. The study aimed to assess the potential differences in drug delivery and distribution between these two methods.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Comparative efficacy and safety of preserved versus preservative-free beta-blockers in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review.

Author: SkovAnne Guldhammer, RivesAmalie Santaolalla, FreibergJosefine, VirgiliGianni, Azuara-BlancoAugusto, KolkoMiriam

Ocular surface health improvement

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness and safety of preservative-free versus preserved eye drops for glaucoma treatment. While preservative-free drops showed a slight advantage in terms of reducing eye irritation, the overall difference in IOP reduction was not clinically significant. More research is needed to determine the long-term benefits and risks of preservative-free eye drops for glaucoma treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

Possible mechanism for the gastro-intestinal adverse effects upon topical application of Prostaglandin F₂α analogs.

Author: CaiSuping, ZhouXiaomin, YanNaihong, LiuXuyang, LiXiaohong

Gastrointestinal distress

This study investigated the potential mechanism underlying gastrointestinal distress after topical application of prostaglandin F(2)α analogs (PGAs) for glaucoma treatment. The findings suggest that variations in FP receptor expression levels may contribute to the variable gastrointestinal responses observed in different patients.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Topical Bimatoprost Insert for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Treatment - A Phase II Controlled Study.

Author: RubiãoFrancine, AraújoAlan Cezar Faria, SancioJoão Bernardo, NogueiraBárbara Silva, FrancaJuçara Ribeiro, NogueiraJosé Carlos, FerreiraAnderson José, FaracoAndré Augusto Gomes, FoureauxGiselle, CronembergerSebastião

Improved glaucoma treatment

This study compared the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost inserts with bimatoprost eye drops in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

24.

Periorbital Changes associated with Topical Prostaglandins Analogues in a Hispanic Population.

Author: Rodríguez-AgramonteFerdinand, JiménezJuan Carlos, MontesJosé Raúl

Prostaglandin Side Effects

The study found that Bimatoprost side effects had the most negative impact in QOL, followed by the Latanoprost and Travoprost groups.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

25.

Intracameral sustained release bimatoprost implants (Durysta).

Author: SirinekPortia E, LinMichael M

Improved medication adherence

Durysta, an FDA-approved sustained release intracameral treatment, has the potential to improve glaucoma care by decreasing medication adherence challenges.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

The side effects of the prostaglandin analogues.

Author: HollóGábor

Glaucoma treatment
Ocular hypertension control
Conjunctival hyperemia
Eyelash changes
Increased iris pigmentation

This review discusses the side-effect profiles of topically applied prostaglandin F2alpha analogues, which are widely used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. While some side effects are reversible and of cosmetic significance, others, such as increased iris pigmentation, are not.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

Comparison of ocular surface side effects of topical travoprost and bimatoprost.

Author: AlagözGursoy, BayerAtilla, BoranCetin, SerinDidem, KüknerAysel, ElçioğluMustafa

Conjunctival hyperemia
Cytological alterations

Conjunctival hyperemia was the most common side effect of both bimatoprost and travoprost, with redness being the only subjective symptom that changed significantly. Tear film functions were not affected by either drug, while conjunctival cytological alterations were observed.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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