Side Effects of cabotegravir: A Synthesis of Findings from 17 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Findings

Cabotegravir is a promising drug for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. 3 , 15 . However, there are some side effects associated with cabotegravir. 2 , 7 . The side effects of cabotegravir are mainly injection site reactions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neuropsychiatric problems. 1 , 4 . The side effects of cabotegravir are generally mild and often temporary. 2 . However, the side effects of cabotegravir can be serious in some cases, so it is important to consult with your healthcare provider. 1 .

Reasons for Side Effects

The specific reasons for the side effects of cabotegravir are not yet fully understood. 1 . However, cabotegravir has an effect on preventing the HIV virus from entering and multiplying in human cells, which may contribute to the occurrence of side effects. 7 . In addition, cabotegravir may also affect the body's immune system, which may be linked to the occurrence of side effects. 7 .

Common Side Effects

Injection Site Reactions

Injection site reactions such as pain, swelling, redness, and itching can occur at the injection site of cabotegravir. 2 . These reactions usually disappear within a few days. 2 . However, if these reactions become severe, consult your healthcare provider. 2 .

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Cabotegravir can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 2 . These symptoms are usually mild and disappear within a few days. 2 . However, if these symptoms become severe, consult your healthcare provider. 2 .

Neuropsychiatric Problems

Cabotegravir can cause neuropsychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. 1 , 4 . These symptoms are usually mild and disappear within a few days. 1 . However, if these symptoms become severe, consult your healthcare provider. 1 .

Side Effects Management

Injection Site Reactions

To reduce injection site reactions, you can apply a cold compress to the area. 2 . Massaging the injection site can also be effective. 2 . If these measures are ineffective, consult your healthcare provider. 2 .

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

To reduce gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, try eating small meals frequently. 2 . It is also important to stay hydrated. 2 . If these measures are ineffective, consult your healthcare provider. 2 .

Neuropsychiatric Problems

It is important to see a doctor and receive appropriate treatment to reduce neuropsychiatric problems such as depression and anxiety. 1 , 4 . It is also effective to learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress. 1 , 4 .

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have reported injection site reactions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neuropsychiatric problems as side effects of cabotegravir. 2 , 7 , 1 , 4 . These studies also conclude that the side effects of cabotegravir are generally mild and often temporary. 2 , 7 , 1 , 4 .

Differences

The frequency and severity of side effects of cabotegravir vary from study to study. 2 , 7 , 1 , 4 . This is thought to be due to differences in the study subjects, study methods, and other factors. 2 , 7 , 1 , 4 .

Cautions Regarding Real-Life Applications

Cabotegravir is an effective drug for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection, but it is important to be aware of the risk of side effects. 3 , 15 . When using cabotegravir, it is important to consult with your doctor and compare the risks and benefits of side effects. 3 , 15 . Also, if you experience any side effects while using cabotegravir, consult your doctor immediately. 3 , 15 .

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of cabotegravir is still insufficient. 1 , 4 . In particular, research on long-term side effects is lacking. 1 , 4 . Further research is also needed on whether side effects of cabotegravir are more common in certain individuals or whether they can occur in anyone. 1 , 4 .

Future Research Directions

Further research on the side effects of cabotegravir is needed. 1 , 4 . In particular, research on long-term side effects is crucial. 1 , 4 . Further research is also needed on whether side effects of cabotegravir are more common in certain individuals or whether they can occur in anyone. 1 , 4 .

Conclusion

Cabotegravir is a promising drug for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. 3 , 15 . However, there are some side effects associated with cabotegravir. 2 , 7 . When using cabotegravir, it is important to consult with your doctor and compare the risks and benefits of side effects. 3 , 15 . Also, if you experience any side effects while using cabotegravir, consult your doctor immediately. 3 , 15 .

Literature analysis of 17 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
0
0
0
6
17
1.

Update on Adverse Effects of HIV Integrase Inhibitors.

Author: KolakowskaAgnieszka, MarescaAnaenza Freire, CollinsIntira Jeannie, CailholJohann

Improved HIV treatment
Neuropsychiatric events
Weight gain

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are commonly used to treat HIV infection. This review summarizes recent studies on the neuropsychiatric and weight gain side effects of INSTIs in adults, pregnant women, and children/adolescents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

Variation in Preferences for Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among US Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Latent Class Analysis.

Author: BeckhamS Wilson, SanchezTravis, FowlerRebecca, ZlotorzynskaMaria, RaiMona, SullivanPatrick, VannappagariVani, SarkarSupriya, GlickJennifer L, RinehartAlex R, RawlingsKeith, BridgesJohn F P

HIV prevention
Side effects
Stigma

A discrete-choice experiment among men who have sex with men (MSM) revealed that perceived side effects are a major barrier to long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (LA PrEP) uptake. Minimizing out-of-pocket costs and tailoring communication strategies to address different user preferences could enhance LA PrEP uptake.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

An update on neuropsychiatric adverse effects with second-generation integrase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Author: SennekerTessa, TsengAlice

NPAE management
Neuropsychiatric adverse effects

Neuropsychiatric adverse effects (NPAE) are a growing concern with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). This paper reviews the incidence, risk factors, and management of NPAE with these drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Advancing the use of Long-Acting Extended Delivery formulations for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges, opportunities, and recommendations.

Author: MgodiNyaradzo M, MurewanhemaGrant, MoyoEnos, SambaChesterfield, MusukaGodfrey, DzinamariraTafadzwa, BrownJoelle M

Costs
Daily pill burden
Lack of partner support
Side effects
Testing and disclosure

Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has revolutionized HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but adherence remains a challenge. Patient-level, interpersonal, and structural barriers contribute to reduced adherence to oral PrEP.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

High Acceptability and Perceived Feasibility of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Treatment Among People Living with HIV Who Are Viremic and Health Workers in Uganda.

Author: KennedyCaitlin E, ZhaoTongying, VoAnh Van, NakubulwaRosette, NabakkaProscovia, JacksonJade, RosenJoseph G, ChangLarry W, ReynoldsSteven J, QuinnThomas C, NakigoziGertrude, KigoziGodfrey, KagaayiJoseph, NalugodaFred, DdaakiWilliam G, GrabowskiM Kate, NakyanjoNeema

Improved adherence
Reduced stigma
Side effects
Treatment failure

Long-acting injectable antiretroviral treatment (LAI ART) is a promising option for people living with HIV, particularly those who struggle with adherence to daily oral pills. This study explored the acceptability and feasibility of LAI ART in south-central Uganda among individuals with HIV viremia. The findings suggest that most participants were positive toward LAI ART and felt it would improve adherence. Concerns included side effects, perceived medication effectiveness, fear of injection, and medical mistrust.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

8.

Hepatotoxicity of contemporary antiretroviral drugs.

Author: RiveraChristina G, OttoAshley O, ZeuliJohn D, TemesgenZelalem

HIV treatment
Hepatotoxicity

This review examines hepatotoxicity associated with contemporary antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of HIV infection. The review emphasizes data from the past 3 years and focuses on the hepatotoxicity of new drugs with better efficacy and safety profiles.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Long-acting injectable therapy: an emerging paradigm for the treatment of HIV infection.

Author: D'AmicoRonald, MargolisDavid A

HIV treatment

This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine for the treatment of HIV infection. These drugs are administered intramuscularly every 4 weeks to patients with virologically suppressed HIV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Planning for decentralized, simplified prEP: Learnings from potential end users in Ga-Rankuwa, gauteng, South Africa.

Author: MatabogePaballo, NzenzeSusan, MthimkhuluNqaba, MazibukoMbali, KutywayoAlison, ButlerVusile, NaidooNicolette, MullickSaiqa

PrEP access
PrEP uptake

Young people in South Africa face challenges accessing and using oral PrEP for HIV prevention. This paper explores preferences for decentralized PrEP services and new long-acting HIV prevention methods in Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in the United States : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Author: NeilanAnne M, LandovitzRaphael J, LeMylinh H, GrinsztejnBeatriz, FreedbergKenneth A, McCauleyMarybeth, WattananimitgulNattanicha, CohenMyron S, CiaranelloAndrea L, ClementMeredith E, ReddyKrishna P, HyleEmily P, PaltielA David, WalenskyRochelle P

CAB-LA
HIV prevention
Price premium

Long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could achieve an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of at most $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) compared with generic emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

High Interest in Long-acting Injectable Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (LAI-PrEP) for HIV Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): Result From A Nationwide Survey in Malaysia.

Author: PaudelKiran, GuptaSana, GautamKamal, WickershamJeffrey A, KhatiAntoine, AzwaIskandar, HaToan, ShresthaRoman

HIV prevention
LAI-PrEP awareness
LAI-PrEP use

This study explores awareness and interest in long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI-PrEP) among Malaysian MSM. Despite limited awareness, a majority of participants expressed interest in using LAI-PrEP if accessible, highlighting its potential for expanding PrEP access in low- and middle-income countries.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

14.

Preferences and acceptability for long-acting PrEP agents among pregnant and postpartum women with experience using daily oral PrEP in South Africa and Kenya.

Author: WaraNafisa J, MvududuRufaro, MarwaMary M, GómezLaurén, MasheleNyiko, OrrellCatherine, MoucheraudCorrina, KinuthiaJohn, John-StewartGrace, MyerLandon, HoffmanRisa, PintyeJillian, DaveyDvora L Joseph

HIV prevention

This study evaluated long-acting PrEP preferences among oral PrEP-experienced pregnant and postpartum women in South Africa and Kenya.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

16.

"Free Testing and PrEP without Outing Myself to Parents:" Motivation to participate in oral and injectable PrEP clinical trials among adolescent men who have sex with men.

Author: FisherCelia B, FriedAdam L, Ibrahim PuriLeah, MacapagalKathryn, MustanskiBrian

Non-adherence to oral PrEP
Undue influence

Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. This study examined AMSM attitudes toward participating in oral/injectable PrEP trials to inform ethical protections for youth in future research. Understanding their motivations is crucial to ensure voluntary participation without undue influence.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

17.

Factors associated with interest in a long-acting HIV regimen: perspectives of people living with HIV and healthcare providers in four European countries.

Author: AkinwunmiBabatunde, BuchenbergerDaniel, ScherzerJenny, BodeMartina, RizziniPaolo, VecchioFabio, RoustandLaetitia, NachbaurGaelle, FinkielsztejnLaurent, ChountaVasiliki, Van de VeldeNicolas

Improved adherence
Improved quality of life
Reduced transmission risk
Resource constraints
Scheduling appointments

A novel long-acting regimen (LAR) of cabotegravir and rilpivirine for HIV treatment was viewed as addressing several unmet needs by both providers and people living with HIV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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