Effects of cromolyn oral inhalation: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Cromolyn sodium inhalation is a medication used to treat asthma, and some studies have shown its effectiveness in improving asthma symptoms. 8 found that children who started using cromolyn sodium inhalation within two years of asthma onset had improved long-term outcomes. This improvement was particularly noticeable in children with severe asthma. Additionally, 10 showed that in patients with severe asthma who did not respond to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, inhaling nebulized cromolyn sodium helped improve their symptoms. A novel formulation of inhaled cromolyn sodium (PA101), delivered via a high-efficiency eFlow nebulizer, was found to be safe and effective in reducing cough symptoms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in 1 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Cromolyn sodium inhalation has been shown to be effective in improving asthma symptoms. 8 found that children who started using cromolyn sodium inhalation within two years of asthma onset had improved long-term outcomes. This improvement was particularly noticeable in children with severe asthma. 10 demonstrated that in patients with severe asthma who did not respond to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, inhaling nebulized cromolyn sodium helped improve their symptoms. Moreover, 1 found that a novel formulation of inhaled cromolyn sodium (PA101), delivered via a high-efficiency eFlow nebulizer, was safe and effective in reducing cough symptoms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Risks Summary

Cromolyn sodium inhalation is generally considered safe, but side effects like cough, taste changes, and nosebleeds have been reported. 10 reported instances of cough and other side effects occurring when patients inhaled nebulized cromolyn sodium.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities Between Studies

Multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of cromolyn sodium inhalation in improving asthma symptoms. 8 and 10 demonstrated the benefits of cromolyn sodium inhalation in children and adults with asthma, respectively. 1 showed that cromolyn sodium inhalation helped reduce cough symptoms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Differences Between Studies

Due to variations in the targeted diseases, age groups, and formulations used, a direct comparison between studies is not straightforward. 8 focused on children with asthma, while 10 focused on adults with severe asthma. Furthermore, 1 studied patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and used a novel formulation of cromolyn sodium.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Multiple studies demonstrate the effectiveness of cromolyn sodium inhalation in improving asthma symptoms, indicating consistent findings. However, 10 showed that cromolyn sodium inhalation was beneficial in patients with severe asthma who had not responded to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, which differs from other findings.

Implications for Real-World Application

Cromolyn sodium inhalation has shown effectiveness in improving asthma symptoms, but it is important to remember that it may not be effective for everyone, and side effects are possible. Therefore, it is essential to consult with a doctor and receive appropriate treatment. Additionally, starting treatment with cromolyn sodium inhalation early, within two years of asthma onset, could improve long-term outcomes. 8

Limitations of Current Research

Research on cromolyn sodium inhalation is still ongoing. Further research is needed to understand its effectiveness in patients with severe asthma and its long-term safety. Furthermore, due to variations in patient demographics and formulations used across studies, comparing results can be challenging.

Directions for Future Research

Future research on cromolyn sodium inhalation should focus on understanding its effectiveness and long-term safety in patients with severe asthma. Additionally, research is needed to compare the effectiveness of different formulations and methods of administration to determine the best treatment options for patients.

Conclusion

Cromolyn sodium inhalation is a medication that has shown potential benefits in improving asthma symptoms, but it is important to remember that not everyone will respond to it and side effects are possible. It is vital to consult with a doctor to determine if this treatment is suitable for you and to receive appropriate medical management. If you experience asthma symptoms, consult with a doctor as soon as possible.

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
7
0
1
6
21
1.

A novel formulation of inhaled sodium cromoglicate (PA101) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, proof-of-concept, phase 2 trial.

Author: BirringSurinder S, WijsenbeekMarlies S, AgrawalSanjay, van den BergJan W K, StoneHelen, MaherToby M, TutuncuAhmet, MoriceAlyn H

Antitussive effect
IPF cough treatment

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of inhaled PA101, a novel formulation of sodium cromoglicate, in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic cough. The study found that PA101 may have potential for treating chronic cough in IPF and CIC patients.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Prevention of exercise-induced asthma by a fixed combination of disodium cromoglycate plus reproterol compared with montelukast in young patients.

Author: LechelerJosef, PfannebeckerBernhard, NguyenDuc Tung, PetzoldUrsula, MunzelUllrich, KremerHans-Joachim, MausJoachim

EIA protection

Inhalation of disodium cromoglycate and reproterol before exercise provides significantly better protection against exercise-induced asthma than three days of treatment with montelukast.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Quercetin inhalation inhibits the asthmatic responses by exposure to aerosolized-ovalbumin in conscious guinea-pigs.

Author: MoonHee, ChoiHyun Ho, LeeJi Yun, MoonHyo Jin, SimSang Soo, KimChang Jong

Asthma treatment

This study investigated the effects of quercetin inhalation on immediate, late-phase, and late late-phase asthmatic responses in guinea pigs. Quercetin inhalation significantly reduced airway resistance and inflammation, demonstrating its potential as an effective treatment for asthma.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy for wheezing in preschool children.

Author: KaditisAthanasios G, WinnieGlenna, SyrogiannopoulosGeorge A

Control of wheezing
Linear growth deceleration

Maintenance inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective measure for controlling frequent wheezing in preschool children, especially when accompanied by risk factors for asthma. This treatment does not affect the natural history of wheezing, although deceleration of linear growth rate is the most commonly recognized systemic adverse effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Managing asthma in expectant mothers.

Author: PowrieRaymond O, LarsonLucia, MillerMargaret

Treats Asthma
Bronchospasm

Asthma can be safely managed during pregnancy with most medications, including inhaled beta-agonists, cromolyn sodium, and inhaled and systemic corticosteroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Effects of nebulized sodium cromoglycate on adult patients with severe refractory asthma.

Author: SanoYasuyuki, AdachiMitsuru, KiuchiTakahiro, MiyamotoTerumasa

Asthma control
Side effects

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nebulized sodium cromoglycate in adult patients with severe, refractory asthma. The study found that nebulized sodium cromoglycate was effective in improving morning peak expiratory flow in patients with atopic severe asthma when combined with inhaled corticosteroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

As-needed inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonists in moderate-to-severe asthma: current recommendations.

Author: CockcroftDonald W

Asthma control
Symptom relief
Increased airway responsiveness
Tolerance
Worsened asthma control

Intermediate-acting inhaled beta2-agonists (e.g., albuterol) are now recommended to be used only as needed for asthma. This is because regular use can lead to tolerance, increased airway responsiveness, worsened asthma control, and over-reliance on symptom relief.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Twelve-month safety and efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate in children aged 1 to 3 years with recurrent wheezing.

Author: BisgaardHans, AllenDavid, MilanowskiJanusz, KalevIlia, WillitsLisa, DaviesPatricia

Reduced wheeze symptoms
No significant growth impact

This study compared the safety and efficacy of fluticasone propionate (FP) and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in treating recurrent wheeze in children aged 1 to 3 years. The results showed that FP had no significant effect on growth and was well-tolerated. FP was more efficacious than SCG, with fewer symptom exacerbations and greater symptom-free days.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Cost-effective pharmacotherapy for inhalant allergic rhinitis.

Author: HadleyJames A

Allergic rhinitis treatment

This article discusses the role of the otolaryngologist in the management of respiratory allergies. It highlights the importance of second-generation antihistamines in reducing side effects and improving tolerance compared to first-generation antihistamines.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, for the treatment of persistent asthma in children aged 2 to 5 years.

Author: KnorrB, FranchiL M, BisgaardH, VermeulenJ H, LeSouefP, SantanelloN, MicheleT M, ReissT F, NguyenH H, BrattonD L

asthma treatment

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in preschool children with persistent asthma. Montelukast was found to be safe and effective in this age group, and it is the first large multicenter study to address the effects of this drug in children younger than 5 years old.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

The efficacy and safety of asthma medications during pregnancy.

Author: SchatzM

Asthma treatment during pregnancy
Increased risk of oral clefts
Increased risk of preeclampsia
Reduced birth weight

This article discusses the pharmacological management of asthma during pregnancy. Inhaled asthma medications and theophylline are generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. Although some risks may be associated with oral corticosteroids, the benefits of treating asthma outweigh the risks.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Salmeterol vs theophylline: sleep and efficacy outcomes in patients with nocturnal asthma.

Author: WiegandL, MendeC N, ZaidelG, ZwillichC W, PetrocellaV J, YanceyS W, RickardK A

Improved lung function
Improved sleep quality
Reduced albuterol use

This study found that salmeterol was more effective than extended-release theophylline in maintaining nocturnal FEV1 levels and reducing nighttime albuterol use in patients with nocturnal asthma.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

One-year follow-up of young children hospitalized for wheezing: the influence of early anti-inflammatory therapy and risk factors for subsequent wheezing and asthma.

Author: ReijonenT M, KorppiM

Early anti-inflammatory therapy
Asthma
Recurrent wheezing

Early anti-inflammatory therapy with budesonide or cromolyn sodium did not significantly decrease the incidence of asthma in children hospitalized for wheezing. Several risk factors for asthma were identified, including age over 12 months at the time of the initial wheezing episode, lack of a viral cause for wheezing, history of wheezing, atopy, family history of atopy, and elevated serum eosinophil cationic protein.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Exercise-induced asthma.

Author: TanR A, SpectorS L

Asthma management
Exercise for asthma patients

Exercise-induced asthma can be effectively managed with preventative measures, including warming up, covering the mouth and nose in cold weather, and using inhaled beta-agonists.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

The safety of asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy.

Author: SchatzM, ZeigerR S, HardenK, HoffmanC C, ChilingarL, PetittiD

Safe for pregnancy
Preeclampsia

Use of most common asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy was not associated with increased perinatal risks, except for oral corticosteroids, which were independently associated with preeclampsia.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

21.

Apafant (a PAF receptor antagonist) suppresses the early and late airway responses in guinea pigs: a comparison with antiasthmatic drugs.

Author: IkegamiK, HataH, FuchigamiJ, TanakaK, KohjimotoY, UchidaS, TasakaK

Early and late airway response inhibition

Apafant, a PAF receptor antagonist, effectively inhibited both early and late airway responses in sensitized guinea pigs, demonstrating comparable or superior efficacy to clinical anti-asthmatic drugs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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