Major Findings

This study compared the efficacy and safety of low-dose short-term cyclosporine with that of etretinate in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis. 1 . Cyclosporine was found to be highly effective and well-tolerated, with a greater improvement in skin involvement compared to etretinate. 1 . Additionally, the study demonstrated that tapering cyclosporine therapy was more effective in maintaining remission than abruptly discontinuing treatment. 1 .

Reasons for Side Effects

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant, meaning it can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of infections. 1 . It can also have toxic effects on the kidneys and liver. 1 . Etretinate, a vitamin A derivative, is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women. 1 . It also carries concerns about liver toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. 1 .

Common Side Effects

Kidney Effects

Cyclosporine can have toxic effects on the kidneys. 1 . Regular monitoring of kidney function is crucial. 1 .

Liver Effects

Both cyclosporine and etretinate can potentially damage the liver. 1 . Regular liver function monitoring is necessary. 1 .

Infections

Cyclosporine, being an immunosuppressant, increases the risk of infections. 1 . Seek immediate medical attention if any signs of infection appear. 1 .

Other Side Effects

Other side effects associated with cyclosporine and etretinate include high blood pressure, high blood sugar, headaches, and digestive problems. 1 .

Managing Side Effects

Kidney Effects Management

Due to the potential for kidney toxicity, regular monitoring of kidney function is essential. 1 . If kidney function deteriorates, cyclosporine treatment may need to be discontinued. 1 .

Liver Effects Management

Regular liver function monitoring is crucial due to the potential for liver toxicity from both cyclosporine and etretinate. 1 . If liver function deteriorates, cyclosporine or etretinate therapy may need to be stopped. 1 .

Infection Management

Cyclosporine can increase the risk of infections due to its immunosuppressive nature. 1 . Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any signs of infection. 1 . Vaccinations are also recommended. 1 .

Other Side Effects Management

To minimize other side effects, it's crucial to take cyclosporine or etretinate as directed by your doctor and to follow up with them regularly. 1 .

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities in Studies

This study, along with others, has explored the use of cyclosporine and etretinate in managing moderate to severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis. 1 . Both studies have highlighted the effectiveness of these treatments in improving psoriasis symptoms. 1 .

Differences in Studies

This study differed from others in its shorter duration of cyclosporine treatment and its exploration of tapering cyclosporine therapy after the initial treatment phase. 1 . The study demonstrated that tapering cyclosporine was more effective than abrupt discontinuation in preventing relapse. 1 . This finding suggests that gradually reducing cyclosporine dosage can help maintain remission longer compared to abruptly stopping treatment. 1 .

Real-Life Application Considerations

Both cyclosporine and etretinate are effective medications for treating psoriasis. 1 . However, it's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions carefully when taking these medications due to their potential side effects. 1 . Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using these medications. 1 .

Limitations of Current Research

This study focused on comparing cyclosporine and etretinate, without including other psoriasis treatments. 1 . The study also had a relatively small sample size, making it uncertain whether the findings are generalizable to all psoriasis patients. 1 .

Future Research Directions

Future research should involve larger clinical trials to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of cyclosporine and etretinate. 1 . Additionally, comparative studies with other psoriasis treatments are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the available options. 1 .

Conclusion

Low-dose short-term cyclosporine therapy is a highly effective and well-tolerated treatment option for psoriasis compared to etretinate. 1 . Tapering cyclosporine dosage is more effective in maintaining remission compared to abrupt discontinuation. 1 . However, it's crucial to adhere to your doctor's instructions regarding these medications due to their potential side effects. 1 . Future research should involve larger clinical trials to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of these medications. 1 .