Effects of diltiazem: A Synthesis of Findings from 9 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Diltiazem has been shown to be effective in treating various heart conditions, including unstable angina, variant angina, and dilated cardiomyopathy. 1 found that diltiazem was equally effective as propranolol in reducing the frequency, duration, and intensity of angina attacks, as well as the number of sublingual nitrates doses needed in patients with unstable angina. 5 demonstrated that diltiazem significantly decreased the frequency of angina attacks in patients with variant angina (chest pain at rest with ST elevation), with the positive effects observed both in the short-term and long-term. 4 further supported the effectiveness of diltiazem in reducing angina frequency and nitroglycerin consumption in patients with variant angina. Additionally, 9 suggests that diltiazem may improve cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The study found that adding diltiazem to standard treatment resulted in improvements in heart function and exercise tolerance. 7 showed diltiazem effectively lowered blood pressure and maintained efficacy over a 24-hour period. Diltiazem has also been demonstrated to be effective in treating hypertension. 2 found diltiazem to be as effective as other antihypertensive medications in lowering blood pressure.

Benefits and risks

Benefits Summary

Diltiazem has shown effectiveness in treating a range of heart conditions, including unstable angina, variant angina, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Diltiazem is also an effective treatment for hypertension, with comparable blood pressure lowering effects to other antihypertensive medications. It has also been shown to have no negative impact on electrolyte, carbohydrate, or lipid metabolism.

Risk Summary

Diltiazem can cause adverse effects such as atrioventricular block. 3 found that higher diltiazem plasma concentrations were associated with a higher risk of atrioventricular block. Diltiazem may also affect atrioventricular conduction, both at rest and during exercise. 6 found that while diltiazem had little impact on atrioventricular conduction at rest, it could slow conduction during exercise.

Comparison across studies

Commonalities across studies

The commonality across these studies is that they all demonstrate diltiazem to be effective in treating heart conditions.

Differences across studies

The differences among these studies lie in the specific heart condition targeted and the methods used to evaluate diltiazem's effectiveness. For instance, 1 compared diltiazem with propranolol in treating unstable angina, while 5 focused on diltiazem's impact on variant angina. 9 examined diltiazem's effectiveness in treating dilated cardiomyopathy, while 8 compared diltiazem with nisoldipine in patients with coronary heart disease. 3 investigated the relationship between diltiazem plasma concentrations and adverse effects in patients after acute myocardial infarction, and 6 examined the effect of diltiazem on atrioventricular conduction at rest and during exercise. 2 compared diltiazem with other antihypertensive medications, and 7 evaluated the efficacy of diltiazem administered once daily.

Consistency and contradictions in the findings

Diltiazem has been shown to be effective in treating various heart conditions, including unstable angina, variant angina, and dilated cardiomyopathy. However, it is important to note that diltiazem can cause adverse effects such as atrioventricular block. The risk of these adverse effects may vary based on individual factors such as age, weight, and heart function.

Points to consider for real-world application

While diltiazem is effective in treating heart conditions, it's important to be aware of potential side effects. Consult with your doctor to determine the appropriate dosage and discuss any concerns you might have. It's crucial to inform your doctor immediately if you experience any heart-related issues or suspect side effects while taking diltiazem.

Limitations of current research

The research on diltiazem has provided valuable information, but further research is needed to address certain aspects. For example, more studies are needed to understand the long-term effects of diltiazem, determine the optimal dosage for various conditions, and further explore its safety profile. Additional research is also necessary to investigate how diltiazem interacts with other medications.

Directions for future research

Future research on diltiazem should focus on its long-term effects, optimal dosages, and safety profile. Further studies should also investigate its interactions with other medications.

Conclusion

Diltiazem has emerged as a promising treatment for various heart conditions, including unstable angina, variant angina, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Its effectiveness in treating hypertension has also been demonstrated. While diltiazem offers significant benefits, it's important to be aware of potential side effects and to consult with your doctor to determine the appropriate dosage and address any concerns. Continued research is crucial to further understand the long-term effects, optimal dosages, safety profile, and interactions with other medications.

Literature analysis of 9 papers
Positive Content
9
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
9
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1
9
1.

[Unstable angina: comparison of the effects of diltiazem and propranolol].

Author: RamiresJ A, MansurA de P, CésarL A, PiegasL S, TimermanA, NonohayN C, AzevedoA R, VazR, da LuzP L

Angina treatment

Both diltiazem and propranolol effectively reduced angina crisis number, duration, and intensity in patients with unstable angina.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Portuguese

2.

Diltiazem: its place in the antihypertensive armamentarium.

Author: FaganT C

Antianginal agent
Effective antihypertensive
No metabolic effects
Renal protective
Well tolerated
Similar side effects to other drugs

Diltiazem is a calcium channel antagonist that is used to treat hypertension. It is as effective as other antihypertensive drugs and is well-tolerated. It is particularly indicated in patients with hypertension and concurrent angina pectoris, diabetes, hyperlipidemias, and chronic renal disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Determinants and significance of diltiazem plasma concentrations after acute myocardial infarction. The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group.

Author: NattelS, TalajicM, GoldsteinR E, McCansJ

Diltiazem concentration-related
Effective drug therapy
Reduced adverse effects
Atrioventricular block
High diltiazem concentration
Pacemaker need

Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, was found to have concentration-related pharmacologic and clinical effects in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In a multicenter secondary intervention study of 1067 patients, diltiazem concentrations were found to be significantly related to diastolic arterial pressure. High diltiazem concentrations were associated with an increased risk of atrioventricular block.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Effect of diltiazem in patients with variant angina: a randomized double-blind trial.

Author: PepineC J, FeldmanR L, WhittleJ, CurryR C, ContiC R

Decreases NTG consumption
Decreases angina frequency
Dry mouth

Diltiazem is a medication used to treat angina. This study investigated the effects of diltiazem in 12 patients with variant angina. Diltiazem significantly decreased angina frequency and nitroglycerin consumption. No rebound effects were observed.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

5.

Short- and long-term responses to diltiazem in patients with variant angina.

Author: FeldmanR L, PepineC J, WhittleJ, ContiC R

Reduced angina frequency

This study of 12 patients with variant angina found that diltiazem was effective in reducing angina frequency both in the short-term (10 weeks) and long-term (average 16 months) trials. Responses during the short-term trial accurately predicted long-term responses.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

Acute and chronic effects of diltiazem on A-V conduction at rest and during exercise.

Author: RittermanJ B, HossackK F, BruceR A

Improved exercise tolerance
Heart rhythm disturbances
Prolonged PR interval

Diltiazem did not significantly affect heart rate or electrocardiogram intervals at rest or during exercise in 16 patients with coronary artery disease or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In one patient, diltiazem slowed the ventricular response to atrial fibrillation, and in another, it provoked transient Mobitz I block.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

The use of confidence intervals to describe the precision of trough/peak ratios for diltiazem CD in the treatment of hypertension.

Author: MeevesS G, ParkG D

Lowered blood pressure

This study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and trough/peak antihypertensive effects of once-daily diltiazem CD 300 mg in patients with essential hypertension. Diltiazem CD effectively lowered blood pressure and was well tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

[Effect of nisoldipine and diltiazem on systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle in patients with coronary heart disease].

Author: FehskeW, NiedeggenA, OmranH, PizzulliL, ManzM, LüderitzB

CAD treatment
Hemodynamic effects
Negative inotropy
Prolonged relaxation

This study compared the hemodynamic effects of diltiazem and nisoldipine in patients with coronary artery disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

9.

Diltiazem improves cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Results of the Diltiazem in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Trial.

Author: FigullaH R, GietzenF, ZeymerU, RaiberM, HegselmannJ, SoballaR, HilgersR

IDC treatment

The study investigated the potential benefit of diltiazem as an adjunct to standard treatment in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Diltiazem may have beneficial effects on virus-induced cardiopathology, alcohol toxicity, micro-circulatory disorders, and impaired calcium cycling.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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