Major Research Findings

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a commonly used cryoprotectant agent (CPA) in cell preservation, but it can have various side effects. showed that while DMSO is effective for cryopreservation, high concentrations can decrease cell viability. found that DMSO can aggravate ocular inflammation at high concentrations (90% and 100%), but lower concentrations (30%) exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, indicated that DMSO can be effective in treating reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), a chronic pain disorder. However, despite its diverse applications in fields like cell preservation, ocular inflammation, and RSD treatment, the exact mechanisms of DMSO's action remain unclear, calling for careful consideration of its use.

Reasons for Side Effects

DMSO's ability to easily penetrate cell membranes allows it to potentially affect various organs and tissues. It can also interact with intracellular proteins and enzymes, potentially inhibiting their functions. Additionally, DMSO can impact the immune system, possibly causing immunosuppression.

Common Side Effects

Skin irritation

High concentrations of DMSO can irritate the skin, as demonstrated in , which found that high concentrations of DMSO aggravated eye inflammation and caused skin irritation.

Respiratory side effects

About one-third of patients who took DMSO experienced sulfurous breath, as observed in research.

Other

research shows that DMSO can potentially affect motor function by promoting the release of neurotransmitters. research indicates that DMSO could damage the vascular walls of the brain, increasing the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. 3 research suggests that DMSO can contribute to adverse events after transplantation.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Adjusting DMSO concentration

Since high concentrations of DMSO can exacerbate eye inflammation, suggests that adjusting the concentration of DMSO might help reduce side effects.

Reducing the amount of DMSO used

To minimize the possibility of side effects after transplantation, 3 advocates for reducing the amount of DMSO used.

Using other substances instead of DMSO

found that pentaisomaltose can be used as a viable alternative to DMSO for cryopreservation. shows that 1,2-propanediol can also be effectively used for cell cryopreservation instead of DMSO. These studies suggest that using alternative substances may help mitigate side effects associated with DMSO.

Comparison of Research

Common points of research

While DMSO has been researched in various fields, including cell cryopreservation, ocular inflammation, and RSD treatment, it has consistently shown a wide range of effects on cells. However, the precise mechanisms behind its action remain an area for further investigation.

Differences in research

The research studies vary in their DMSO concentrations, administration methods, and target conditions, leading to inconsistencies in the results. Therefore, further research is crucial to understand the side effects of DMSO comprehensively.

Notes on Application to Real Life

DMSO finds applications in diverse areas such as cell cryopreservation, ocular inflammation, and RSD treatment. However, the potential for side effects necessitates careful consideration when using DMSO. Consulting a medical professional is essential for proper guidance and to ensure safe application.

Current Research Limitations

There is a lack of extensive research on the side effects of DMSO. Effective methods for mitigating its side effects are still under development.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to understand the side effects of DMSO in more detail. Additionally, research focusing on developing effective methods for reducing DMSO's side effects is crucial for its safe and effective application.

Conclusion

DMSO has various applications, but its potential for side effects requires careful consideration. Future research focusing on understanding the side effects and developing mitigating strategies is essential for ensuring the safe and effective use of DMSO.