Side Effects of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide: A Synthesis of Findings from 5 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Several studies have shown that the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide is an effective and safe treatment for hypertension. These studies indicate that this combination lowers blood pressure more effectively than monotherapy and has fewer side effects. 4 , 2 , 5 , 1 , 3

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide combination may be related to the mechanism of action of these drugs. Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which inhibits ACE and suppresses the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II has a vasoconstrictive effect, so enalapril lowers blood pressure. On the other hand, hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, which lowers blood pressure by eliminating excess salt and water from the body. The mechanism of action of these drugs can potentially cause side effects.

Common Side Effects

Cough

Cough has been reported as a side effect of enalapril. 1

Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia has been reported as a side effect of enalapril. 1

Orthostatic Hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension has been reported as a side effect of the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide. 1

Impotence

Impotence has been reported as a side effect of the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide. 1

Side Effects Management

Cough

Cough caused by enalapril may be improved by changing the medication. Consult your doctor and consider switching to other ACE inhibitors or ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers).

Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia can be improved by diet therapy or other medications. Consult your doctor and consider treatment for hyperkalemia.

Orthostatic Hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension can be improved by getting up slowly, staying hydrated, and taking salt. Consult your doctor and consider treatment for orthostatic hypotension.

Impotence

Impotence can be improved by lifestyle changes or other medications. Consult your doctor and consider treatment for impotence.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have shown that the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide is an effective and safe treatment for hypertension. 4 , 2 , 5 , 1 , 3

Differences

There are differences in the side effects and effectiveness of the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide across studies. For example, in 1 , cough and hyperkalemia were reported with enalapril alone, while such side effects were not reported in 4 . Additionally, 2 showed that the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide had fewer side effects than the combination of enalapril and nifedipine.

Practical Considerations

While the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide is effective for treating hypertension, it is important to remember that it can cause side effects. Before taking this medication, consult your doctor and consider a treatment plan that is right for your body. Also, if you feel unwell while taking it, consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

Current research does not fully understand the long-term effects of the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide. Further research is needed to understand how this combination affects specific populations (e.g. the elderly and pregnant women).

Future Research Directions

Research is needed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide. Further research is also needed to understand how this combination affects specific populations.

Conclusion

Multiple studies have shown that the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide is an effective and safe treatment for hypertension. However, these drugs can cause side effects, so consult your doctor before taking them. Consider a treatment plan that is right for your body, and consult your doctor immediately if you feel unwell while taking it.

Literature analysis of 5 papers
Positive Content
5
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
3
0
0
0
5
1.

Treatment of hypertension by enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide separately and together: a multicenter study.

Author: RosenthalT, GrossmanE, RathausM, BernheimJ, ZevinD, LeviJ, WeinsteinJ, RogelS

BP decrease
Cough
Hyperkalemia
Impotence
Orthostatic hypotension

Enalapril alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide was effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The drug was well tolerated, with few side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

[Double blind randomized comparative study of two antihypertensive combinations. Enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide versus enalapril-nifedipine in 240 hypertensive patients resistant to monotherapy].

Author: FrancesY, LafayV, MadonaO, ChastangC, SouchetT, ChazelleF

Hypertension control
Reduced side effects

This study compared the efficacy and safety of enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy with enalapril-nifedipine combination therapy in hypertensive patients. Both combinations were equally effective in lowering blood pressure, but enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide had fewer side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

4.

Enalapril versus triple-drug therapy in the treatment of renovascular hypertension.

Author: ReamsG P, BauerJ H

Effective treatment for hypertension
Inhibited plasma angiotensin II
Lower blood pressure
Safe treatment for hypertension
Stimulated plasma renin activity
Drug-related side effects
Reduced effective renal plasma flow
Reduced glomerular filtration rate
Uncontrolled blood pressure

Enalapril combined with hydrochlorothiazide was more effective and safer than triple-drug therapy in treating renovascular hypertension. It effectively controlled blood pressure in all patients without adverse effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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