Side Effects of epoetin alfa injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 12 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Epoetin alfa is widely used to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. 8 、 9 、 6 、 11 、 12 . However, some studies have shown that epoetin alfa does not have any advantages over other epoetins in terms of efficacy or side effects. 8 . In addition, epoetin alfa has been shown to protect the neurovascular unit in a rat model of retinal neurodegeneration. 2 . Epoetin alfa is also used to treat anemia in cancer patients. 3 、 5 、 4 . Furthermore, epoetin alfa has been tried in combination with androgens for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. 10 .

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of epoetin alfa vary depending on the mechanism of action of the drug and the individual patient's physical condition. Epoetin alfa improves anemia by promoting red blood cell production. However, if this effect is excessive, the blood becomes more viscous, which can increase the risk of thrombosis. 9 、 3 . Epoetin alfa can also cause hypertension. 12 . In addition, pain and swelling may occur at the injection site of epoetin alfa. 8 .

Common Side Effects

Thrombosis

Epoetin alfa can increase the risk of thrombosis. This is because epoetin alfa promotes red blood cell production, making the blood more viscous and easier to form clots. 9 、 3 .

Hypertension

Epoetin alfa can cause hypertension. This is because epoetin alfa promotes red blood cell production, increasing blood volume and raising blood pressure. 12 .

Pain and Swelling at Injection Site

Pain and swelling may occur at the injection site of epoetin alfa. 8 .

Side Effect Countermeasures

Thrombosis

To reduce the risk of thrombosis, you should have your blood pressure checked regularly and take antihypertensive medication as needed. 12 . It is also important to avoid dehydration, which can contribute to blood viscosity. In addition, patients at high risk of thrombosis may need to have their dose of epoetin alfa reduced or discontinued.

Hypertension

To prevent hypertension, you should have your blood pressure checked regularly and take antihypertensive medication as needed. 12 . Lifestyle changes such as reducing salt intake, quitting smoking, and exercising regularly can also be effective.

Pain and Swelling at Injection Site

To reduce pain and swelling at the injection site, you can apply cold before injection and heat after injection. You can also talk to your doctor about trying a different administration method.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities

Many studies have shown that epoetin alfa is effective in improving anemia. 8 、 9 、 6 、 11 、 12 、 3 、 5 、 4 、 10 . Many studies have also reported that epoetin alfa can cause side effects such as thrombosis and hypertension. 9 、 3 、 12 .

Differences

Some studies have shown that epoetin alfa does not have any advantages over other epoetins in terms of efficacy or side effects. 8 . In addition, the incidence and severity of side effects may vary depending on the administration method, dose, and patient's condition.

Cautions for Real-Life Application

Epoetin alfa should be taken appropriately under the guidance of a physician. It is dangerous to stop taking it or change the dosage on your own. If you experience any changes in your health or side effects while taking epoetin alfa, consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

There is not enough research yet on the long-term effects of epoetin alfa. In addition, the side effects of epoetin alfa are known to vary greatly from person to person. Therefore, it is important to consult with your doctor before starting to take epoetin alfa.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed on the long-term effects and side effects of epoetin alfa. Research is also needed to optimize the administration method and dosage of epoetin alfa.

Conclusion

Epoetin alfa is an effective drug for improving anemia, but it can cause side effects such as thrombosis and hypertension. It is important to consult with your doctor before starting to take epoetin alfa and choose a treatment method that is right for you.

Literature analysis of 12 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
2
0
0
2
12
1.

Early High-Dose Erythropoietin Therapy After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: CariouAlain, DeyeNicolas, VivienBenoît, RichardOlivier, PichonNicolas, BourgAngèle, HuetLoïc, BuleonClément, FreyJérôme, AsfarPierre, LegrielStéphane, NarcisseSophie, MathonnetArmelle, CravoisyAurélie, DequinPierre-François, WielEric, RazaziKeyvan, DaubinCédric, KimmounAntoine, LamhautLionel, MarxJean-Sébastien, de la GaranderieDidier Payen, EcollanPatrick, CombesAlain, SpauldingChristian, BaratFlorence, Ben BoutiebMyriam, CosteJoël, ChicheJean-Daniel, PèneFrédéric, MiraJean-Paul, TreluyerJean-Marc, HermineOlivier, CarliPierre,

Higher complication rate

Erythropoietin does not improve the outcome of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Furthermore, it is associated with an increased risk of complications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Systemic treatment with erythropoietin protects the neurovascular unit in a rat model of retinal neurodegeneration.

Author: BuschStephanie, KanntAimo, KolibabkaMatthias, SchlottererAndreas, WangQian, LinJihong, FengYuxi, HoffmannSigrid, GretzNorbert, HammesHans-Peter

Neuroglialvascular protection
Retinal neurodegeneration protection

Erythropoietin (EPO) was found to protect the neuroglialvascular unit in a rat model of retinal neurodegeneration. EPO treatment significantly reduced the formation of acellular capillaries and protected against thinning of the central retina. Microglial activity was also decreased by EPO treatment. This study suggests that EPO may be beneficial in treating retinal neurodegeneration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

2007 Standards, Options, and Recommendations: use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA: epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, and darbepoetin) for the management of anemia in children with cancer.

Author: Marec-BerardPerrine, ChastagnerPascal, Kassab-ChahmiDiana, CasadevallNicole, MarchalChristian, MissetJean-Louis, Ray-CoquardIsabelle

Increased hemoglobin
Reduced transfusions
Thromboembolic events

The Standards, Options, and Recommendations (SOR) project, formerly managed by the French National Federation of Cancer Centers (FNCLCC) and now by the French National Cancer Institute, develops and disseminates clinical practice guidelines in oncology. In 2007, the SOR updated information regarding the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) in anemic children with cancer. Updates were based on a review of the most reliable scientific data available, followed by critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts and validation by independent experts. The literature review identified four randomized trials providing reliable new information on ESA use in children. This review confirmed four points: treatment increases hemoglobin levels and decreases the need for blood transfusions; no quality-of-life or survival benefits were demonstrated; treatment does not appear to be associated with significantly more side effects; and the impact on thromboembolic events and patient quality of life remains unclear. The study concluded that systematic administration of ESA is not recommended for the prevention or treatment of anemia in pediatric cancer patients. However, treatment decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis, and the intravenous route should be preferred if treatment is considered.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

An induction dose of epoetin alpha of 40 000 IU daily for three consecutive days increases and maintains hemoglobin levels in anemic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Author: MustacchiG, CeccheriniR, DellachC, FoladoreS, MilaniS, LeitaM, SistoM

Increased Hb levels

This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, activity, and safety of an induction dose of epoetin alpha in cancer patients with moderate or severe anemia receiving chemotherapy. The results showed that a higher initial dosing of epoetin alpha led to a higher response rate (77%) compared to standard doses, with a mean hemoglobin increase of 2.0 g/dl. The study also found that the treatment was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were observed.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Weekly epoetin alfa treatment of anemia in patients with cancer not undergoing therapy.

Author: ShashaDaniel, WilliamsDenise

Improved anemia
Increased hemoglobin levels
Reduced transfusion need

Epoetin alfa is a well-established treatment for anemia in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. This study investigated the efficacy of epoetin alfa in anemic cancer patients not undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Nearly all patients achieved a minor hematologic response, and most achieved a major response. Epoetin alfa was well-tolerated and safe. These findings suggest that epoetin alfa may be a beneficial treatment for anemia in this patient population.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

[Change of EPO treatment from subcutaneous epoetin to intravenous epoetin or darbepoetin alpha].

Author: MolinaM, García HernándezM A, NavarroM J, De GraciaM C, OrtuñoT

Improved resistance index

This study assessed the effectiveness of switching from epoetin to darbepoetin alpha in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Darbepoetin alpha was more effective in maintaining hemoglobin levels and improving the resistance index. Both erythropoietic stimulating factors were well-tolerated with no unexpected side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Spanish

9.

A comparison between epoetin omega and epoetin alfa in the correction of anemia in hemodialysis patients: a prospective, controlled crossover study.

Author: BrenAndrej, KandusAljosa, VarlJanez, ButurovićJadranka, PonikvarRafael, KvederRadoslav, PrimozicStanislav, IvanovichPeter

Anemia correction
Injection site pain
Thrombosis

This study compared the safety and effectiveness of epoetin omega and epoetin alfa in treating anemia in hemodialysis patients. Both epoetins were effective, but lower doses of epoetin omega were needed to maintain the target hemoglobin level.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

A 6-month study of low-dose recombinant human erythropoietin alone and in combination with androgens for the treatment of anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Author: GaughanW J, LissK A, DunnS R, MangoldA M, BuhsmerJ P, MichaelB, BurkeJ F

Anemia treatment
End-stage renal failure
Injection site discomfort

This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of low-dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) alone and in combination with androgens for treating anemia in end-stage renal failure patients. The combination therapy significantly increased hematocrit levels compared to rHuEPO alone. While nandrolone decanoate was well tolerated, its long-term safety in this context requires further investigation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Erythropoietin therapy in patients with chronic renal failure.

Author: PinevichA J, PetersenJ

Effective treatment
No accelerated renal failure
Well tolerated

Epoetin is beneficial and well tolerated in treating anemia in patients with chronic renal failure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Who should receive recombinant human erythropoietin?

Author: Van StoneJ C

Anemia treatment
Improved quality of life
Reduced transfusion need
Gastrointestinal distress
Headache
Hypertension
Injected conjunctiva
Malaise
Myalgia
Seizures

Recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) is effective in treating severe anemia related to end-stage renal disease. The goal of r-HuEPO therapy is to maintain the hematocrit level at 35%. Possible side effects include hypertension, seizures, myalgia, malaise, headache, gastrointestinal distress, and injected conjunctiva. The major benefits of r-HuEPO therapy are reduced need for transfusion and marked improvement in quality-of-life parameters.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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