Effective treatment of flu shot: A Synthesis of Findings from 19 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Findings

Influenza vaccination is a highly effective preventive measure that can significantly reduce the risk of influenza infection, particularly among individuals with underlying medical conditions. 17 , 18 , 10

Studies have shown that influenza vaccination can reduce the risk of severe complications and deaths associated with influenza. 17 , 18 , 10

Furthermore, influenza vaccination is crucial for healthcare workers to prevent the spread of influenza to patients. 18 , 8

Treatment Summary

Influenza vaccination stands out as a highly effective treatment for influenza prevention, consistently demonstrated in various studies. 15 , 18 , 8 , 6 , 7

The benefits of influenza vaccination extend to specific populations, such as the elderly, those with chronic health conditions, and healthcare workers, as they are at higher risk of severe influenza complications. 17 , 10

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Influenza vaccination is an effective preventative measure against influenza, with the potential to significantly reduce the severity of the illness and mortality rates. 17 , 18 , 10 , 6 , 7

Risks Summary

Although generally safe, influenza vaccination can lead to minor side effects such as fever or muscle aches. In rare instances, serious adverse reactions may occur. 8 ,

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities Across Studies

Numerous studies consistently highlight the efficacy of influenza vaccination in preventing influenza. 15 , 17 , 18 , 14 , 11 , 8 , 7

Moreover, studies consistently emphasize that influenza vaccination is particularly beneficial for vulnerable populations, including the elderly, individuals with chronic diseases, and healthcare workers, as they are at higher risk of experiencing severe complications from influenza. 17 , 10 , 6

Differences Across Studies

The effectiveness of influenza vaccination can vary based on factors such as age, health status, and socioeconomic background. 7 , 11 , 14 , 5

Studies have also shown differences in influenza vaccination rates across various regions and countries. 8

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While influenza vaccination is generally considered safe and effective, some studies suggest that the effectiveness can vary among individuals. , 11

Timing is crucial for maximizing the effectiveness of influenza vaccination. It is recommended to get vaccinated during the appropriate season.

Practical Implications

Influenza vaccination is a vital preventive measure against influenza, but its effectiveness can vary among individuals based on their health status and circumstances. 8 , 7 , 11

It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss influenza vaccination and determine the appropriate course of action based on your individual health and needs. 8 , 7

Limitations of Current Research

Research on influenza vaccination effectiveness faces numerous challenges. For instance, evaluating the impact of influenza vaccination requires accounting for various factors, including age, health status, socioeconomic background, and others. 14 , 11 , 5 , 6 , 7

Moreover, the effectiveness of influenza vaccination can vary depending on the prevailing influenza season and the circulating virus strains. 15 , 18

Future Research Directions

Further research on influenza vaccination effectiveness is warranted. Particularly important are studies that evaluate the impact of vaccination tailored to individual health conditions and circumstances, as well as research focused on developing novel methods to enhance the effectiveness of influenza vaccines. 6 , , 8 , 7

Conclusion

Influenza vaccination is a highly effective preventative measure against influenza, with the potential to significantly reduce the severity of the illness and mortality rates. 15 , 17 , 18 , 10 , 8 , 6 , 7

Influenza vaccination is especially recommended for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, those with chronic diseases, and healthcare workers. 17 , 10 , 8

It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss influenza vaccination and determine the appropriate course of action based on your individual health and needs. 8 , 7

Treatment List

Influenza vaccination, Antiviral medications

Literature analysis of 19 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
3
Article Type
2
0
1
1
19
1.

How do interventions to improve the efficiency of acute stroke care affect prehospital times? A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Author: McClellandGraham, HepburnSarah, FinchTracy, PriceChristopher I

Stroke care efficiency

This review aimed to identify and describe interventions designed to improve the efficiency of acute stroke care, specifically focusing on their impact on ground-based emergency medical services (EMS) call to hospital times.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

A 680,000-person megastudy of nudges to encourage vaccination in pharmacies.

Author: MilkmanKatherine L, GandhiLinnea, PatelMitesh S, GraciHeather N, GrometDena M, HoHung, KayJoseph S, LeeTimothy W, RothschildJake, BogardJonathan E, BrodyIlana, ChabrisChristopher F, ChangEdward, ChapmanGretchen B, DannalsJennifer E, GoldsteinNoah J, GorenAmir, HershfieldHal, HirschAlex, HmurovicJillian, HornSamantha, KarlanDean S, KristalAriella S, LambertonCait, MeyerMichelle N, OakesAllison H, SchweitzerMaurice E, ShermohammedMaheen, TalloenJoachim, WarrenCaleb, WhillansAshley, YadavKuldeep N, ZlatevJulian J, BermanRon, EvansChalanda N, LadhaniaRahul, LudwigJens, MazarNina, MullainathanSendhil, SniderChristopher K, SpiessJann, TsukayamaEli, UngarLyle, Van den BulteChristophe, VolppKevin G, DuckworthAngela L

Vaccination encouragement

Text-based reminders can significantly increase pharmacy vaccination rates. This large-scale study, involving over 689,000 Walmart pharmacy patients, tested 22 different text message reminders. The most effective reminders informed patients that a flu shot was waiting for them and were delivered on multiple days.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of Estimated Community-Level Health Literacy on Treatment Initiation and Preventive Care Among Older Adults with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes.

Author: FangGang, BaileyStacy Cooper, AnnisIzabela E, Paasche-OrlowMichael K, WolfMichael S, MartinLaurie T, EmchMichael, BrookhartM Alan, FarrisKaren B

Improved diabetes care
Health literacy disparities

This study investigated the association between community-level health literacy estimates and the initiation of oral antihyperglycemic agents (OHA) and the use of standard preventive care services among older adults with newly diagnosed diabetes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Intratumoral injection of the seasonal flu shot converts immunologically cold tumors to hot and serves as an immunotherapy for cancer.

Author: NewmanJenna H, ChessonC Brent, HerzogNora L, BommareddyPraveen K, AspromonteSalvatore M, PepeRussell, EstupinianRicardo, AboelattaMones M, BuddhadevStuti, TarabichiSaeed, LeeMichael, LiShengguo, MedinaDaniel J, GiuriniEileena F, GuptaKajal H, Guevara-AlemanGabriel, RossiMarco, NowickiChristina, AbedAbdulkareem, GoldufskyJosef W, BroucekJoseph R, RedondoRaquel E, RotterDavid, JhawarSachin R, WangShang-Jui, KohlhappFrederick J, KaufmanHoward L, ThomasPaul G, GuptaVineet, KuzelTimothy M, ReiserJochen, ParasJoyce, KaneMichael P, SingerEric A, MalhotraJyoti, DenzinLisa K, Sant'AngeloDerek B, RabsonArnold B, LeeLeonard Y, LasfarAhmed, LangenfeldJohn, SchenkelJason M, FidlerMary Jo, RuizEmily S, MarzoAmanda L, RudraJai S, SilkAnn W, ZlozaAndrew

Cancer immunotherapy
Influenza infection prevention
Tumor response enhancement

This study demonstrated that unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccination administered intratumorally, but not intramuscularly, converts 'cold' tumors to 'hot', generates systemic CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity, and sensitizes resistant tumors to checkpoint blockade. Intratumoral vaccination also provided protection against subsequent active influenza virus lung infection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Nudges or mandates? The ethics of mandatory flu vaccination.

Author: DubovAlex, PhungConnie

Vaccination coverage increase
Ethical issues
Vaccination mandate opposition

Vaccination mandates for healthcare workers are controversial but have led to a modest increase in vaccination coverage. To increase vaccination rates, a 'choice architecture' approach that incentivizes vaccination while respecting individual choice is recommended.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Achievement of cardiometabolic goals in aware hypertensive patients in Spain: a nationwide population-based study.

Author: BanegasJosé R, GracianiAuxiliadora, de la Cruz-TrocaJuan J, León-MuñozLuz M, Guallar-CastillónPilar, CocaAntonio, RuilopeLuis M, Rodríguez-ArtalejoFernando

Cardiometabolic issues

Cardiometabolic health among hypertensives is poor in Spain, despite its well-developed healthcare system. Only 22.7% of hypertensives have controlled blood pressure. Awareness and treatment rates are also low, with only 59.4% aware of their condition and 48.5% controlled among those treated. Further efforts are needed to improve the management of coexisting risk factors and to provide better lifestyle advice.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Influenza vaccination: the persuasiveness of messages among people aged 65 years and older.

Author: PratiGabriele, PietrantoniLuca, ZaniBruna

Influenza vaccination

This study examined the effectiveness of different messages designed to increase influenza vaccination uptake in individuals aged 65 years or older. Narrative communication, compared to didactic communication and no message, was associated with higher risk perception, higher perceived vaccine efficacy, and higher self-efficacy related to vaccination. However, there was no difference in intention to receive the vaccine across the groups.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Social support and self-care in heart failure.

Author: GallagherRobyn, LuttikMarie-Louise, JaarsmaTiny

Heart failure management

Social support from partners is crucial for heart failure (HF) patients' self-care. This study aims to determine the types of social support provided to HF patients and its impact on their self-care.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Impact of delay in asthma diagnosis on health care service use.

Author: LynchBrian A, Van NormanChelsey A, JacobsonRobert M, WeaverAmy L, JuhnYoung J

Asthma diagnosis delay
Suboptimal care

This study found that a delay in diagnosing asthma in children is associated with increased use of urgent care services, suggesting suboptimal care.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

16.

Correlates of use of antifracture therapy in older women with low bone mineral density.

Author: RyderKathryn M, ShorrRonald I, TylavskyFrances A, BushAndrew J, BauerDouglas C, SimonsickEleanor M, StrotmeyerElsa S, HarrisTamara B,

Lack of antifracture therapy

Despite physician access to DXA scan results, only 30% of older women with an indication for antifracture therapy started or remained on treatment. This suggests a need for improved fracture prevention strategies, particularly for women with a history of falls and black women.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

17.

Parental perspectives on influenza vaccination of children with chronic medical conditions.

Author: LinChyongchiou J, ZimmermanRichard K, NowalkMary Patricia, KoFeng-Shou, RaymundMahlon, HobermanAlejandro, KearneyDiana H, BlockBruce

Influenza vaccination

Influenza vaccination rates among children with chronic medical conditions were low, but were associated with parental beliefs that the doctor or relatives recommend a flu shot.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

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