Effective treatment of impetigo: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Multiple studies have shown that antibiotics are effective for the treatment of impetigo. In particular, a study in 18 found that a new antibiotic called ozenoxacin was more effective than conventional antibiotics. Ozenoxacin has been shown to be safe for use in children aged 6 months to 18 years, according to 13 .

However, a study in 9 showed that some patients with impetigo experience symptom resolution without the use of antibiotics within approximately 7 days. Therefore, the decision to use antibiotics should be made carefully, considering the patient's symptoms, age, and other factors.

Another study in 15 suggested that disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide may also be effective in treating impetigo, along with antibiotics. Furthermore, a study in 5 indicated a need to develop alternative treatments, such as disinfectants, to reduce the use of antibiotics for treating impetigo.

Treatment Summary

The following are some of the treatments for impetigo:

These treatments should be selected appropriately by a physician, taking into consideration the patient's symptoms, age, and other factors.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

The following are some of the benefits of impetigo treatment:

  • Symptom improvement
  • Prevention of infection spread
  • Reduced risk of complications

Risk Summary

The following are some of the risks of impetigo treatment:

  • Side effects from antibiotics ( 20 )
  • Emergence of drug-resistant bacteria
  • Allergic reactions

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Multiple studies have shown that antibiotics are effective in treating impetigo.

Differences in Studies

Each study uses different antibiotics, study subjects of varying age, and treatment durations, leading to differences in outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of each study and interpret the results accordingly, rather than simply accepting all results as is.

Consistency and Inconsistencies in Results

Some studies have shown that some patients with impetigo experience symptom resolution without the use of antibiotics. On the other hand, other studies show that antibiotic use led to faster symptom improvement and lower risk of complications. Further research is needed to resolve these discrepancies.

Precautions for Practical Application

In treating impetigo, it is crucial to maintain cleanliness and utilize disinfectants, in addition to antibiotics. Since impetigo is an infectious disease, thorough hygiene measures, such as handwashing, are essential when interacting with patients.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on impetigo treatment is not yet sufficient. Particularly, research on treatment methods that do not involve antibiotics is still limited. Further research is therefore required.

Future Research Directions

Future research on impetigo treatment should focus on the following areas:

  • Development of non-antibiotic treatment methods
  • Measures to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria
  • Development of optimal treatment methods that consider each patient's symptoms, age, and other factors

Conclusion

Impetigo is an infection effectively treated with antibiotics, but natural healing also occurs in some cases, necessitating careful consideration of treatment options. Proper antibiotic use is crucial to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. If you experience symptoms of impetigo, consult a medical professional promptly and follow their treatment instructions.

List of Treatments

  • Ozenoxacin
  • Fusidic acid
  • Mupirocin
  • Erythromycin
  • Cloxacillin
  • Penicillin
  • Hydrogen peroxide
Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
4
Article Type
2
1
6
8
21
2.

Ideal Features of Topical Antibiotic Therapy for the Treatment of Impetigo: An Italian Expert Consensus Report.

Author: NeriIria, Miraglia Del GiudiceMichele, NovelliAndrea, RuggieroGiuseppe, PappagalloGiovanni, GalliLuisa

Impetigo treatment

This study summarizes 10 statements outlining the ideal characteristics of local antibiotic treatments for impetigo, providing practical guidance for clinical practice. The statements focus on appropriate use, prescription, and considerations for effective impetigo management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Non-bullous Impetigo: Incidence, Prevalence, and Treatment in the Pediatric Primary Care Setting in Italy.

Author: BarbieriElisa, PorcuGloria, Dona'Daniele, FalsettoNathalie, BiavaMirella, ScamarciaAntonio, CantaruttiLuigi, CantaruttiAnna, GiaquintoCarlo

Non-bullous impetigo

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the incidence, prevalence, and management of non-bullous impetigo (NBI) in children in Italy. The incidence rate of NBI was found to be 9.5 per 1,000 person-years, with the highest rate observed in children aged 1-4 years. Systemic antibiotics were the preferred treatment option.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Treatment of Impetigo with Antiseptics-Replacing Antibiotics (TIARA) trial: a single blind randomised controlled trial in school health clinics within socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in New Zealand.

Author: PrimhakSarah, GatauaAlicia, PurvisDiana, ThompsonJohn M D, WalkerCameron, BestEmma, LevershaAlison

Impetigo treatment
Antimicrobial resistance

Impetigo, a contagious bacterial skin infection, is prevalent in children worldwide. While topical antibiotics like fusidic acid are often used, concerns about antimicrobial resistance have prompted exploration of alternative treatments. This study examines the potential of topical antiseptics and simple wound care as alternative treatments for impetigo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Emerging Treatment Strategies for Impetigo in Endemic and Nonendemic Settings: A Systematic Review.

Author: GahlawatGarima, TesfayeWubshet, BushellMary, AbrhaSolomon, PetersonGregory M, MathewCynthia, SinnollareddyMahipal, McMillanFaye, SamarawickremaIndira, CalmaTom, ChangAileen Y, EngelmanDaniel, SteerAndrew, ThomasJackson

Treatment for impetigo
Antibiotic resistance

A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of new treatments for impetigo, which affects approximately 162 million children worldwide at any given time.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

Treatment of Impetigo and Antimicrobial Resistance.

Author: SchachnerLawrence A, LyndeCharles W, KircikLeon H, TorreloAntonio, HohlDaniel, KwongPearl, OzaVikash, AndriessenAnneke, HebertAdelaide A

Antimicrobial resistance
Impetigo treatment failure

Impetigo, a contagious bacterial skin infection, is increasingly difficult to treat due to widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This article highlights the importance of AMR stewardship programs for topical antibiotics, a crucial aspect missing from the World Health Organization's global action plan on AMR.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Do Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Matter? An Algorithm for the Treatment of Patients With Impetigo.

Author: SchachnerLawrence A, AndriessenAnneke, BenjaminLatanya T, ClaroCristina, EichenfieldLawrence F, EspositoSusanna Mr, KellerLinda, KircikLeon, KwongPearl C, McCuaigCatherine

Antimicrobial resistance

An evidence-based impetigo treatment algorithm was developed for pediatric and adult populations that addresses the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Efficacy and safety of treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α drugs for severe impetigo herpetiformis.

Author: FukushimaHidehiko, IwataYohei, ArimaMasaru, TanakaYoshihito, SugiuraKazumitsu

IH treatment
Drug safety concerns

This study reports two cases of impetigo herpetiformis (IH), a rare pustular dermatosis, that were successfully treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α drugs.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Treatment of Impetigo in the Pediatric Population: Consensus and Future Directions.

Author: SchachnerLawrence A, TorreloAntonio, GradaAyman, MicaliGiuseppe, KwongPearl C, ScottGwenolyn B, BenjaminLatanya, GonzalezMercedes E, AndriessenAnneke, EberleinThomas, EichenfieldLawrence F

Impetigo treatment
Antibiotic resistance

This review highlights treatment options for impetigo and shares consensus statements to help guide the management of impetigo in the pediatric population.

Consensus Development ConferenceA conference organized by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop consensus and recommendations on medical issues.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Ozenoxacin, a New Effective and Safe Topical Treatment for Impetigo in Children and Adolescents.

Author: TorreloAntonio, GrimaltRamon, MasramonXavier, Albareda LópezNúria, ZsoltIlonka

Effective treatment for impetigo
Safe for children
Negligible systemic absorption

Ozenoxacin 1% cream was efficacious and safe in treating non-bullous impetigo in children aged 6 months to <18 years.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Common Community-acquired Bacterial Skin and Soft-tissue Infections in Children: an Intersociety Consensus on Impetigo, Abscess, and Cellulitis Treatment.

Author: GalliLuisa, VenturiniElisabetta, BassiAndrea, GattinaraGuido Castelli, ChiappiniElena, DefilippiClaudio, DiociaiutiAndrea, EspositoSusanna, GarazzinoSilvia, GiannattasioAntonietta, KrzysztofiakAndrzej, LatorreStefano, Lo VecchioAndrea, MarchisioPaola, MontagnaniCarlotta, NicoliniGiangiacomo, NovelliAndrea, RossoliniGian Maria, TersigniChiara, VillaniAlberto, El HachemMay, NeriIria,

Effective SSTI management

This article provides practical suggestions for managing bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in both ambulatory and hospital settings. Recommendations are based on the GRADE methodology and include information on impetigo, skin abscesses, cellulitis, and orbital cellulitis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Treatment resistant impetigo herpetiformis treated with infliximab.

Author: OgrumAtiye, TakciZennure, SeckinHavva Yildiz, CetinElif

Impetigo herpetiformis treatment

Infliximab was effective in treating a case of impetigo herpetiformis in a pregnant woman who responded poorly to other treatments.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Topical Antibacterial Agent for Treatment of Adult and Pediatric Patients With Impetigo: Pooled Analysis of Phase 3 Clinical Trials.

Author: HebertAdelaide A, AlbaredaNuria, RosenTheodore, TorreloAntonio, GrimaltRamon, RosenbergNoah, ZsoltIlonka, MasramonXavier

Improved clinical success
Improved microbiological success

Ozenoxacin 1% cream is an effective and safe topical antibacterial treatment for impetigo. In two clinical trials, it demonstrated superior clinical success compared to vehicle after 5 days of treatment, superior microbiological success after 2 days of treatment, and was well-tolerated. Ozenoxacin was effective in both children (as young as 2 months old) and adults.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

Interventions for impetigo.

Author: KoningS, VerhagenA P, van Suijlekom-SmitL W A, MorrisA, ButlerC C, van der WoudenJ C

Fusidic acid effective for impetigo
Mupirocin effective for impetigo
Oral antibiotics may cause more side effects

Topical antibiotics were more effective than placebo in treating impetigo. Topical mupirocin and topical fusidic acid were equally effective as oral treatment for patients with limited disease. Penicillin was less effective than most other antibiotics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

Interventions for impetigo.

Author: KoningSander, van der SandeRenske, VerhagenArianne P, van Suijlekom-SmitLisette W A, MorrisAndrew D, ButlerChristopher C, BergerMarjolein, van der WoudenJohannes C

Impetigo treatment

This review updated the evidence on treatment options for impetigo, a common bacterial skin infection, including various oral and topical antibiotics as well as disinfectants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Emerging Treatment Strategies for Impetigo in Endemic and Nonendemic Settings: A Systematic Review.

Author: GahlawatGarima, TesfayeWubshet, BushellMary, AbrhaSolomon, PetersonGregory M, MathewCynthia, SinnollareddyMahipal, McMillanFaye, SamarawickremaIndira, CalmaTom, ChangAileen Y, EngelmanDaniel, SteerAndrew, ThomasJackson

Treatment for impetigo
Antibiotic resistance

A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of new treatments for impetigo, which affects approximately 162 million children worldwide at any given time.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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