Side Effects of indapamide: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Research Findings

Indapamide is a sulfonamide diuretic medication used to treat high blood pressure. Numerous studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in lowering blood pressure. 21 Moreover, compared to other diuretics, indapamide has shown a reduction in the risk of heart disease and stroke. 13 Indapamide is often used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, which can further enhance its blood pressure-lowering effect. 20

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of indapamide are often caused by the drug's alteration of the body's electrolyte balance. Indapamide lowers blood pressure by eliminating electrolytes like sodium and potassium from the body. However, excessive electrolyte depletion can disrupt the balance, potentially leading to various side effects. 26

Common Side Effects

Hypokalemia

Indapamide can cause hypokalemia, as it eliminates potassium from the body. 17 Hypokalemia can lead to symptoms such as muscle fatigue, cramps, and irregular heartbeat. 7

Hyponatremia

Indapamide can also cause hyponatremia by eliminating sodium from the body. 7 Hyponatremia can lead to symptoms such as headache, nausea, and altered consciousness. 7

Hyperglycemia

Indapamide may increase blood sugar levels. 22

Hyperuricemia

Indapamide can elevate uric acid levels. 22

Rash

Indapamide can trigger allergic reactions such as rashes. 23

Visual Disturbances

Indapamide may cause visual disturbances. Reports include temporary myopia and blurry vision. 5 23 3

Side Effect Management

Hypokalemia

To address hypokalemia, consider consuming potassium-rich foods or taking potassium supplements under medical guidance. 17

Hyponatremia

Management of hyponatremia involves consuming sodium-rich foods or taking sodium supplements as directed by a physician. 7

Hyperglycemia

Managing hyperglycemia requires regular blood sugar monitoring and following a doctor's instructions for blood sugar control. 22

Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia management involves regular monitoring of uric acid levels and following a doctor's instructions for uric acid control. 22

Rash

If you experience a rash or other allergic reactions, immediately consult a doctor. 23

Visual Disturbances

If you experience visual disturbances, immediately seek medical attention. 5 23 3

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Many studies indicate that indapamide effectively lowers blood pressure. Additionally, compared to other diuretics, indapamide has demonstrated a reduction in the risk of heart disease and stroke. 21 13

Differences

Research findings on indapamide's side effects vary. For instance, some studies suggest that indapamide can lead to hypokalemia, while others report a lower likelihood of this side effect. 17 26 Individual differences in body constitution and dosage can influence the occurrence of indapamide's side effects, making it challenging to provide definitive conclusions.

Real-life Application Considerations

While indapamide is an effective medication for high blood pressure, its potential side effects should be considered. When taking indapamide, consult with your doctor to determine the appropriate dosage for your body. If you experience any changes in your health while taking indapamide, immediately consult with your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on indapamide's side effects remains incomplete, particularly regarding the long-term consequences of taking the medication. Further research in this area is necessary.

Future Research Directions

Research on the long-term effects of indapamide is crucial, as well as the development of new therapies to mitigate its side effects.

Conclusion

Indapamide is an effective medication for high blood pressure, but its potential side effects should be considered. When taking indapamide, consult with your doctor to determine the appropriate dosage for your body. If you experience any changes in your health while taking indapamide, immediately consult with your doctor. Research on indapamide's side effects remains incomplete, and further research is needed.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
6
Article Type
0
1
0
8
23
1.

Initial treatment with a single capsule containing half-dose quadruple therapy vs standard-dose dual therapy in hypertensive patients (QUADUAL): Study protocol for a randomized, blinded, crossover trial.

Author: ZhaoXiexiong, ChenYe, YangGuoping, LiXingli, TangXiaohong, YangQiong, PengLiping, LiJingle, LiangZhongshu, LiAnying, WangWenjuan, HuangMiao, LiuTao, LiXiaogang, JiangWeihong

Improved blood pressure control

This study explores the potential benefits of low-dose quadruple combination therapy compared to dual combination therapy for hypertension. While dual combination therapy is commonly recommended, the efficacy of low-dose quadruple therapy remains unknown.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Multimodal imaging of indapamide-induced bilateral choroidal effusion: a case report.

Author: TakahashiShizuka, UsuiShinichi, HashidaNoriyasu, KubotaHiroshi, NishidaKentaro, SakaguchiHirokazu, NishidaKohji

ocular edema

Indapamide is a diuretic used to treat hypertension, but it can cause ocular side effects like glaucoma, myopia, and choroidal effusion. This study aims to use multimodal imaging to clarify the nature of indapamide-induced edema of the entire eyeball.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Acute bilateral myopia induced by Triplixam: a case report.

Author: JarusevicieneRuta, SirvydyteGinte

Myopia

This case report describes a patient who developed transient myopia after starting treatment with Triplixam, a medication used for systemic hypertension. The myopia resolved after discontinuing the medication, suggesting a possible side effect associated with the drug.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Cardiac arrhythmia triggered by diuretic-induced hyponatremia.

Author: LuH T, LooH C, NgK S, WongY O, NordinR

Electrolyte disturbances
Metabolic side effects

This case serves as a reminder that careful evaluation and constant monitoring are necessary when prescribing diuretics.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

8.

Evaluation of Clinical Acceptability of Perindopril / Indapamide Single-pill Combination in Moderate to Severe Hypertension.

Author: KalraSanjay, SosaleAravind, ShahSiddharth N, JabreGeorges, JosephSofi, RajarshiManjusha

Blood pressure control

European hypertension guidelines recommend using Single Pill Combinations (SPCs) containing two drugs for patients with moderate to severe hypertension, as this leads to more effective and faster blood pressure control. The guidelines also emphasize tighter blood pressure control for patients with cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes mellitus.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

9.

Ontology-based systematical representation and drug class effect analysis of package insert-reported adverse events associated with cardiovascular drugs used in China.

Author: WangLiwei, LiMei, XieJiangan, CaoYuying, LiuHongfang, HeYongqun

Cardiovascular drug side effects

This study analyzed adverse events associated with cardiovascular drugs (CVDs) used in China. An Ontology of Cardiovascular Drug AEs (OCVDAE) was developed, including 194 CVDs, CVD ingredients, mechanisms of actions (MoAs), and CVD-associated 736 AEs. The study identified many class-level drug effects on different AE classes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Comparison of thiazide-like diuretics versus thiazide-type diuretics: a meta-analysis.

Author: LiangWenjing, MaHui, CaoLuxi, YanWenjiang, YangJingjing

Lower blood pressure
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia

This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and side effects of thiazide-type diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) and thiazide-like diuretics (indapamide and chlorthalidone) in treating hypertension. The study concludes that thiazide-like diuretics are more effective in reducing blood pressure without increasing the risk of hypokalemia, hyponatremia, or changes in blood glucose and serum total cholesterol.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Side effects and tolerability of combination blood pressure lowering according to blood pressure levels: an analysis of the PROGRESS and ADVANCE trials.

Author: AtkinsEmily R, HirakawaYoichiro, SalamAbdul, WoodwardMark, CooperMark, HametPavel, HarrapStephen, LeesKennedy, LiuLisheng, ManciaGiuseppe, MarreMichel, PerkovicVlado, PoulterNeil, WilliamsBryan, ChalmersJohn, RodgersAnthony

Blood pressure reduction
Dizziness
Hypotension

Combination therapy for blood pressure lowering (BPL) was associated with increased discontinuation due to hypotension in patients with baseline blood pressure less than 120 mmHg, but not in those with higher baseline blood pressure. There were no clear differences in the combined renal outcome across the baseline blood pressure subgroups.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

[All diuretics used in the treatment of hypertension are not the same].

Author: AsilSerkan, AtalarEnver

Hypertension treatment
Metabolic side effects

Chlorthalidone and indapamide are superior choices for treating hypertension compared to hydrochlorothiazide. While all three are often categorized as thiazide diuretics, studies show chlorthalidone and indapamide have more significant blood pressure reductions, better cardiovascular outcomes, and a lower risk of metabolic side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Turkish

14.

Diuretics in primary hypertension - Reloaded.

Author: MishraSundeep

Hypertension treatment
Side effects

Diuretics have long been used for treating hypertension. This study discusses the benefits and limitations of diuretics, particularly low-dose thiazide diuretics, indapamide, and chlorthalidone, in treating uncomplicated primary hypertension.

EditorialAn article in which the editor or publisher expresses their opinion or perspective on a particular topic or issue. Its purpose is to convey a specific message or idea to the reader.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Hydrochlorothiazide is not the most useful nor versatile thiazide diuretic.

Author: VongpatanasinWanpen

None mentioned
Inferior to other thiazides

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was found to be less potent in lowering blood pressure and had a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared to other thiazide diuretics, particularly chlorthalidone (CTD) and indapamide. CTD and indapamide should be preferred over HCTZ in most hypertensive patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis.

Author: HorwitzHenrik, WoeienVidar A, PetersenLinda Wiuff, Jimenez-SolemEspen

Hypokalemia
Rhabdomyolysis

This case report describes a patient who developed rhabdomyolysis, a serious muscle breakdown, due to severe hypokalemia. The hypokalemia was likely caused by a pharmacodynamic interaction between licorice and indapamide, a diuretic medication.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

18.

Evidence-based diuretics: focus on chlorthalidone and indapamide.

Author: DiNicolantonioJames J, BhutaniJaikrit, LavieCarl J, O'KeefeJames H

Hypertension Treatment
Electrolyte Abnormalities

Chlorthalidone and indapamide are thiazide-like diuretics that are used to treat hypertension. Hydrochlorothiazide is another thiazide diuretic that is often prescribed, but it has not been shown to be as effective in reducing morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the evidence for using chlorthalidone and indapamide as first-line thiazide-like diuretics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Blood pressure control and acceptability of perindopril and its fixed dose combinations with amlodipine or indapamide, in younger patients with hypertension.

Author: BansalSandeep, ChauhanD K, RameshD, BarmareShahid, ChakrabortyShaibal

Blood pressure control

This study examined the short-term blood pressure control and acceptability of perindopril, with or without fixed-dose combinations, in younger patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

20.

[First fixed dose combination perindopril arginine-indapamide-amlodipine: new approach in combination therapy in hypertension].

Author: WidimskýJiří

Hypertension control
Improved prognosis

Fixed combination antihypertensive therapy improves compliance, blood pressure control, and prognosis. Triplixam®, a fixed combination of perindopril arginine, indapamide, and amlodipine, has shown significant antihypertensive effects and good tolerance.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Czech

21.

Blood pressure control with a single-pill combination of indapamide sustained-release and amlodipine in patients with hypertension: the EFFICIENT study.

Author: JadhavUday, HiremathJagdish, NamjoshiDeepak J, GujralVinod K, TripathiKamlakar K, SirajMohammad, ShamannaParamesh, SafarMichel

Hypertension treatment

The EFFICIENT study is investigating the effectiveness and acceptability of a single-pill combination of sustained-release indapamide, a thiazide-like diuretic, and amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, for managing hypertension. Despite antihypertensive treatment, most hypertensive patients still have high blood pressure, particularly high systolic blood pressure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Indapamide-induced transient myopia with supraciliary effusion: case report.

Author: VéghMihály, Hári-KovácsAndrás, RézKata, TapasztóBeáta, SzabóAgnes, FacskóAndrea

Myopia

Indapamide-induced transient myopia is a rare condition that may be associated with ciliary muscle contraction and ciliary body edema. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of acute myopia.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

24.

[Are all diuretics equal for the treatment of hypertensive patients?].

Author: WaeberB, FeihlF

Hypertension treatment
Diabetes development

This review discusses the growing evidence that thiazide-like diuretics might be preferable to thiazides in the treatment of hypertension.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

25.

Reversible dysphasia and statins.

Author: DaviesGordon Robert Wyndham

Dysphasia

This case report describes a patient who developed reversible dysphasia after receiving atorvastatin in combination with indapamide. The dysphasia recurred with the prescription of rosuvastatin and resolved after cessation of the drug.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

26.

Effects of short and long-term indapamide treatments on urinary calcium excretion in patients with calcium oxalate dihydrate urinary stone disease: a pilot study.

Author: AlonsoDiego, PierasEnrique, PizáPedro, GrasesFelix, PrietoRafel M

Hypercalciuria control
Kidney stone prevention
Increased urate levels

Indapamide (1.5 mg/day) was effective in controlling hypercalciuria in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium oxalate dihydrate urinary stone disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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