Side Effects of levothyroxine: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

This paper is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on herbal medicine treatment for hypothyroidism, exploring potential alternatives to manage side effects associated with levothyroxine therapy. 1

Reasons for Side Effects

The reasons for side effects from herbal treatments for hypothyroidism might be due to certain herbs influencing the production or metabolism of thyroid hormones, potentially altering the effectiveness of levothyroxine. 1

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Certain herbs may cause gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach discomfort, nausea, and diarrhea. 1

Skin

Herbs could trigger allergic reactions and skin rashes. 1

Cardiovascular

Some herbs might induce cardiovascular side effects including changes in heart rate and blood pressure. 1

Managing Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Measures like drinking sufficient water before taking herbs and consuming them alongside meals might help manage gastrointestinal issues. 1

Skin

Performing a patch test before using herbs to check for allergic reactions is crucial. 1

Cardiovascular

Consultation with a doctor before using herbs is essential, especially if you have heart conditions or other health problems. 1

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities

All the studies reviewed in this paper suggest that herbal treatments for hypothyroidism might impact the effectiveness of levothyroxine. 1

Differences

Variations exist between studies in the type and dosage of herbs used, as well as the types of side effects assessed. 1

Practical Implications and Cautions

Herbal treatments for hypothyroidism should be used cautiously under the guidance of a doctor. 1

Limitations of Current Research

The studies reviewed in this paper were all relatively small, and more research is needed. 1

Future Research Directions

Large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to assess the effectiveness and safety of herbal treatments for hypothyroidism. 1

Conclusion

While herbal treatments for hypothyroidism might potentially reduce side effects associated with levothyroxine therapy, further research is necessary. 1

Herbal therapies should be undertaken cautiously under the supervision of a doctor. 1

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
4
Article Type
3
0
1
2
23
1.

Achievements in Hypothyroidism Treatment with Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: JavidiNajmeh, KhorasaniZahra Mazloum, SalariRoshanak, NiroumandShabnam, YousefiMahdi

Hypothyroidism treatment

Hypothyroidism is a common condition that can cause health problems, especially in older adults. While medications are used to treat hypothyroidism, they can have side effects. Herbal remedies are being explored as a potential treatment for hypothyroidism that can regulate thyroid hormones and reduce side effects.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Comparison of Safety Profiles of the New and Old Formulations of Levothyroxine in a First Global Introduction in France.

Author: LehnertHendrik, Castello-BridouxClaire, ChannaiahBushan, MartiniereKarine, HildemannSteven, WémeauJean-Louis

Improved potency
Increased adverse events

After a reformulation of levothyroxine sodium in France, reports of adverse events increased, despite established purity and bioequivalence. This analysis examined the nature and relevance of these reported side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Targeted Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: State of the Art.

Author: ValerioL, PieruzziL, GianiC, AgateL, BotticiV, LorussoL, CappagliV, PuleoL, MatroneA, ViolaD, RomeiC, CiampiR, MolinaroE, EliseiR

Thyroid cancer treatment
Drug side effects

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a promising therapeutic option for advanced thyroid cancer, with sorafenib and lenvatinib for differentiated and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, and vandetanib and cabozantinib for medullary thyroid cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Effect of Thyroid-Related Symptoms on Long-Term Quality of Life in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study in Sweden.

Author: HedmanChristel, DjärvTherese, StrangPeter, LundgrenCatharina Ihre

DTC recurrence

This study aims to understand how thyroid-related symptoms influence the quality of life of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) 14-17 years after diagnosis. It investigates the long-term impact of the disease and its treatment on patients' well-being.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Adjuvant immunotherapy: the sting in the tail.

Author: HighamClaire E, Chatzimavridou-GrigoriadouViktoria, FitzgeraldCheryl T, TrainerPeter J, EggermontAlexander M M, LoriganPaul

Reduced melanoma recurrence
Depression
Diabetes
Endocrine toxicities
Hypogonadism

Adjuvant immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors for melanoma reduces recurrence risk by 40-50%, but carries a 37% risk of immune-related adverse events, with 10-15% being severe. Endocrine toxicities like thyroid dysfunction (15-20%), hypophysitis (2.2%), and diabetes (1%) are common and can be challenging to manage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Is Parenteral Levothyroxine Therapy Safe in Intractable Hypothyroidism?

Author: PeynirciHande, TaskiranBengur, ErturkErdinc, SismanPınar, ErsoyCanan

Hypothyroidism treatment
Neurologic symptoms

This case report described a patient with severe hypothyroidism who did not respond to oral levothyroxine therapy due to isolated levothyroxine malabsorption. Intramuscular levothyroxine therapy effectively restored euthyroidism.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Liquid liothyronine to obtain target TSH in differentiated thyroid cancer patients.

Author: TrimboliPierpaolo, CentanniMarco, ViriliCamilla

Achieved target TSH suppression
Individualized L-T3 dosage
Minimized side effects

This study found that liquid liothyronine (L-T3) was effective in achieving target TSH suppression in high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients whose TSH levels were not suppressed by levothyroxine alone. The liquid formulation allows individual dose adjustments.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Pycnogenol® prevents oxidative stress and side effects in patients with hypothyroidism during levothyroxine treatment.

Author: BelcaroGianni, CornelliUmberto, DugallMark, CotelleseRoberto, FeragalliBeatrice, CesaroneMaria R

Hypothyroidism treatment

Pycnogenol® supplementation may reduce LT4-related side effects in patients treated with hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and hypothyroidism in a lung cancer patient treated with nivolumab.

Author: JotatsuTakanobu, OdaKeishi, YamaguchiYudai, NoguchiShingo, KawanamiToshinori, KidoTakashi, SatohMinoru, YateraKazuhiro

Cancer treatment
Hypothyroidism
Immune thrombocytopenia

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause immune complications, including immune thrombocytopenia. This case report describes a patient who developed immune thrombocytopenia and hypothyroidism during nivolumab treatment, which resolved with steroid and levothyroxine therapy.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Drug-drug interactions with imatinib: An observational study.

Author: RécochéIsabelle, RousseauVanessa, BourrelRobert, Lapeyre-MestreMaryse, ChebaneLeila, DespasFabien, MontastrucJean-Louis, Bondon-GuittonEmmanuelle

Drug interactions

Many patients taking imatinib for cancer also use other medications that can interact negatively. This study highlights the importance of careful monitoring and potential adjustments in dosage for interacting drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

14.

A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial for Assessing the Usefulness of Suppressing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Target Levels after Thyroid Lobectomy in Low to Intermediate Risk Thyroid Cancer Patients (MASTER): A Study Protocol.

Author: LeeEun Kyung, KangYea Eun, ParkYoung Joo, KooBon Seok, ChungKi-Wook, KuEu Jeong, WonHo-Ryun, YooWon Sang, JeonEonju, PaekSe Hyun, LeeYong Sang, LimDong Mee, SuhYong Joon, ParkHa Kyoung, KimHyo-Jeong, KimBo Hyun, KimMijin, KimSun Wook, YiKa Hee, ParkSue K, JungEun-Jae, ChoiJune Young, BaeJa Seong, HongJoon Hwa, NamKee-Hyun, LeeYoung Ki, YuHyeong Won, GoSujeong, KangYoung Mi,

Thyroid cancer prevention
TSH suppression side effects

This study raises concerns about the necessity and potential side effects of postoperative thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy, especially for patients with small thyroid cancers who have undergone lobectomy.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

A Rare Case of Pituitary Melanoma Metastasis: A Dramatic and Prolonged Response to Dabrafenib-Trametinib Therapy.

Author: MormandoMarilda, PulianiGiulia, BarnabeiAgnese, LaurettaRosa, BianchiniMarta, ChiefariAlfonsina, RussilloMichelangelo, CognettiFrancesco, RomanoLuisa, AppetecchiaMarialuisa

Melanoma treatment

A patient with melanoma metastasis to the pituitary gland was successfully treated with a combination of dabrafenib and trametinib after incomplete surgical removal.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

18.

PD-1 Inhibitor Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Preexisting Endocrine Autoimmunity.

Author: AkturkHalis Kaan, AlkananiAimon, ZhaoZhiyuan, YuLiping, MichelsAaron W

Cancer immunotherapy
Immune-related side effects

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are helpful cancer treatments, but can cause immune-related side effects. It's unclear how these treatments impact patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

19.

Effect of Liothyronine Treatment on Quality of Life in Female Hypothyroid Patients With Residual Symptoms on Levothyroxine Therapy: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Author: BjerkreimBetty Ann, HammerstadSara Salehi, GulsethHanne Løvdal, BergTore Julsrud, OmdalLars Johan, Lee-ØdegårdSindre, EriksenErik Fink

Hypothyroid treatment
Hypothyroidism

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of LT3 monotherapy on quality of life (QoL) in hypothyroid patients who continued to experience symptoms despite having TSH levels within the reference range, even after LT4 monotherapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Comparative efficacy and side effects of the treatment of euthyroid goiter with levo-thyroxine or triiodothyroacetic acid.

Author: BrentaG, SchnitmanM, FretesO, FaccoE, GurfinkelM, DamilanoS, PacenzaN, BlancoA, GonzalezE, PisarevM A

Fewer side effects
Goiter reduction

Triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) is more effective than levothyroxine (L-T4) in reducing goiter size in euthyroid women, with comparable effects on peripheral parameters.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Pharmacokinetics and Comparative Bioavailability of a Levothyroxine Sodium Oral Solution and Soft Capsule.

Author: TanguayMario, GirardJohanne, ScarsiClaudia, MautoneGiuseppe, LaroucheRichard

A new levothyroxine oral solution was found to be bioequivalent to the existing levothyroxine capsule, whether administered with or without water. This new formulation is well-tolerated, making it a potentially useful option for patients who need this medication.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Global Warming and Prescribing: A Review on Medicines' Effects and Precautions.

Author: ŠklebarTin, RudežKristijan Dominik, RudežLorena Karla, LikićRobert

Increased mortality
Medication side effects

This review highlights the importance for healthcare professionals to consider the impact of high temperatures on medication effects and patient safety.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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