Effective treatment of magnesium: A Synthesis of Findings from 11 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Research has shown that magnesium plays a variety of roles in the body and can affect health. For example, a study 3 investigated the effects of inhaled magnesium on airway reactivity in people with asthma. The findings suggest that inhaled magnesium might increase airway reactivity to substances that trigger airway narrowing, such as histamine and adenosine monophosphate. This indicates that inhaled magnesium may not be a suitable treatment for asthma.

Another study 8 found that moderate magnesium deficiency in postmenopausal women can lead to calcium retention and changes in how the body eliminates potassium and phosphorus. Magnesium deficiency disrupts the balance of ions within cells, which can lead to various health problems.

A study 4 suggests that magnesium could be helpful in treating irregular heartbeats, such as supraventricular tachycardia. Magnesium is thought to regulate heart contractions and electrical activity, potentially helping to prevent irregular heartbeats. However, more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of magnesium for this purpose.

A study 1 showed that increasing magnesium intake leads to higher levels of ionized and total magnesium in the blood. However, it is important to note that increasing magnesium intake can also affect the balance of other electrolytes, so caution is advised.

Another study 2 investigated the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on levels of electrolytes in blood plasma, red blood cells, and urine. The results showed that oral magnesium supplementation significantly increased magnesium levels in red blood cells. This finding suggests that red blood cells could be a useful indicator of magnesium intake and status.

A study 6 looked at the effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance. The results did not show a clear link between magnesium supplementation and improved exercise performance.

A study 7 examined whether magnesium supplementation was effective in treating high blood pressure. While it did not significantly lower systolic blood pressure, it did significantly reduce diastolic blood pressure. However, the study's quality was limited, so it is not possible to conclusively say whether magnesium supplementation effectively lowers blood pressure.

A study 5 investigated the use of magnesium for treating ventricular arrhythmias, irregular heartbeats in the lower chambers of the heart, caused by various factors. The findings indicate that magnesium is effective in treating certain types of ventricular arrhythmias, like torsade de pointes and digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias. However, the effectiveness of magnesium for other types of ventricular arrhythmias has not been proven.

A study 10 examined the impact of oral magnesium supplementation on vascular function. The results did not find clear evidence that oral magnesium supplementation significantly impacts vascular function. However, some studies suggest that long-term magnesium supplementation might improve vascular function.

A study 9 looked at whether prenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate had neuroprotective effects in preterm infants. The results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate significantly reduces the risk of cerebral palsy in preterm infants, without increasing the risk of death.

A study 11 analyzed 49 clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of oral magnesium supplementation in treating high blood pressure. The findings suggest that oral magnesium supplementation might be effective in treating high blood pressure. However, the appropriate dosage of magnesium can vary depending on the individual's condition. It's crucial to consult a doctor before starting magnesium supplementation for high blood pressure.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Magnesium is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including heart, nerve, and muscle activity. Therefore, adequate magnesium intake is essential for maintaining overall health. Studies have indicated that magnesium may offer potential benefits such as preventing or improving high blood pressure, enhancing exercise performance, alleviating asthma symptoms, and potentially positively impacting mental well-being. However, it's essential to remember that magnesium supplementation might not be effective for everyone. Furthermore, excessive magnesium intake could lead to side effects like diarrhea, nausea, and other gastrointestinal issues. It's always recommended to consult a doctor before starting any magnesium supplementation regimen.

Risks Summary

Consuming excessive amounts of magnesium can lead to side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and irregular heartbeats. Individuals with kidney or heart conditions may need to restrict their magnesium intake. It is essential to consult with a doctor before starting any magnesium supplementation.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Numerous studies have demonstrated that magnesium plays significant roles in various bodily functions. Moreover, evidence suggests that magnesium deficiency can contribute to several health issues. However, it's crucial to recognize that magnesium supplementation might not be universally effective for all health problems, and the appropriate dosage can vary greatly among individuals.

Differences

The effectiveness of magnesium supplementation, the specific conditions or symptoms it might benefit, the optimal dosage, and potential side effects can differ across various studies. Therefore, it is crucial to consult with a doctor before starting any magnesium supplementation.

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

While extensive research has been conducted on the effects of magnesium, there are inconsistencies in the findings. Further investigation is needed, particularly regarding the effectiveness of magnesium supplementation for different diseases and conditions.

Considerations for Real-World Application

Magnesium can be obtained from various sources, including foods and supplements. Foods rich in magnesium include leafy green vegetables, seaweed, soy products, and nuts. It is essential to consult a doctor for guidance on appropriate magnesium intake levels. It's important to be aware of the potential risks associated with excessive magnesium intake. It's crucial to remember that magnesium supplementation might not benefit everyone, and consulting a doctor before starting supplementation is strongly recommended.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on magnesium has certain limitations. For instance, some studies may involve small sample sizes, short study durations, or diverse research methodologies. These limitations can hinder the definitive determination of the effectiveness of magnesium. More extensive and comprehensive research is needed to fully understand the effects of magnesium.

Directions for Future Research

Future research on magnesium should involve larger study populations, longer study durations, and more rigorous research methodologies. Additionally, further investigation is required to understand how magnesium supplementation impacts various diseases and conditions. Specific areas of focus should include the long-term effects of magnesium supplementation on various health outcomes.

Conclusion

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. Adequate magnesium intake is vital, but it's important to remember that magnesium supplementation might not be beneficial for everyone. It is crucial to consult with a doctor to determine the appropriate dosage and discuss any potential risks associated with magnesium supplementation.

Literature analysis of 11 papers
Positive Content
8
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
6
5
3
4
11
1.

Comparative effects of a Mg-enriched diet and different orally administered magnesium oxide preparations on ionized Mg, Mg metabolism and electrolytes in serum of human volunteers.

Author: AlturaB T, WilimzigC, TrnovecT, NyulassyS, AlturaB M

This study found that short-term dietary elevation in magnesium intake could alter serum ionized magnesium (IMg2+), total magnesium (TMg), % ionized magnesium (% IMg2+), and other cations. Different formulated preparations of magnesium oxide (MgO) could also alter serum IMg2+, TMg, % IMg2+, and other cations in magnesium-loaded subjects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Is magnesium content in erythrocytes suitable for evaluating cation retention after oral physiological supplementation in marginally magnesium-deficient subjects?

Author: BorellaP, AmbrosiniG, ConcariM, BargelliniA

Increased erythrocyte magnesium
Magnesium overload

This study of healthy subjects found that oral magnesium supplementation significantly increased urinary magnesium excretion and erythrocyte magnesium levels, suggesting the existence of a saturable mechanism that prevents magnesium overload.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Studies of the effects of inhaled magnesium on airway reactivity to histamine and adenosine monophosphate in asthmatic subjects.

Author: HillJ, LewisS, BrittonJ

Increased airway reactivity

Inhaled magnesium did not protect against the effects of direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor stimuli in subjects with asthma and may have increased airway reactivity to histamine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

[Clinico-electrophysiologic effects of magnesium, especially in supraventricular tachycardia].

Author: VesterE G

Effective treatment
Prolongs PR interval

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an important mineral in the body with various roles, including influencing heart function. While its potential for treating heart rhythm problems (tachyarrhythmia) has been known for over 60 years, it hasn't become a standard treatment due to inconsistent effectiveness and uncertainty regarding dosage and application. Mg2+ affects heart rhythm by influencing calcium and potassium channels, and can suppress abnormal heart rhythms. Studies have shown that Mg2+ primarily affects the AV node (which controls the heart rate), prolonging the PR interval by 7-12% without significantly affecting other aspects of heart function. While Mg2+ has been used in a limited number of studies for treating specific heart rhythm problems, more research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

5.

[Magnesium deficiency and magnesium substitution. Effect on ventricular cardiac arrhythmias of various etiology].

Author: ZehenderM, MeinertzT, JustH

Antiarrhythmic effect

This study reviewed the use of magnesium in treating various types of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. While magnesium is considered safe and cost-effective, its antiarrhythmic properties are only established in patients with torsade de pointes and digitalis-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

6.

The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance.

Author: NewhouseI J, FinstadE W

Mg deficiency

Research suggests that magnesium supplementation has no significant effect on exercise performance in athletes, regardless of whether the performance outcome was strength, anaerobic-lactacid, or aerobic.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Magnesium supplementation for the management of essential hypertension in adults.

Author: DickinsonH O, NicolsonD J, CampbellF, CookJ V, BeyerF R, FordG A, MasonJ

Reduced DBP

Magnesium supplementation may reduce diastolic blood pressure, but the evidence is weak due to poor quality trials. Larger, longer duration, and better quality trials are needed to assess the effect of magnesium on blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

Moderate magnesium deprivation results in calcium retention and altered potassium and phosphorus excretion by postmenopausal women.

Author: NielsenForrest H, MilneDavid B, GallagherSandra, JohnsonLuAnn, HoversonBonita

Improve calcium retention
Magnesium deficiency

This metabolic study investigated the effects of low magnesium intake in postmenopausal women, finding that moderate magnesium deprivation increased calcium retention and altered phosphorus and potassium excretion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Effects of antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate on neuroprotection and mortality in preterm infants: a meta-analysis.

Author: CostantineMaged M, WeinerSteven J,

Cerebral palsy reduction
None mentioned

Magnesium sulfate given to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery significantly reduces the risk of cerebral palsy in their babies without increasing the risk of death. The number needed to treat to prevent one case of cerebral palsy is 46 for infants exposed to magnesium sulfate before 30 weeks and 56 for infants exposed before 32 to 34 weeks.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

10.

Effects of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Vascular Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: MarquesBianca Cristina Antunes Alves, KleinMárcia Regina Simas Torres, da CunhaMichelle Rabello, de Souza MattosSamanta, de Paula NogueiraLívia, de PaulaTainah, CorrêaFlávia Miranda, OigmanWille, NevesMario Fritsch

Improved endothelial function

Oral magnesium supplementation may improve endothelial function in unhealthy, overweight, or older individuals, but more research is needed. This meta-analysis showed no significant effect on flow-mediated dilation and pulse wave velocity with oral Mg supplementation, although heterogeneity was high.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

Effectively Prescribing Oral Magnesium Therapy for Hypertension: A Categorized Systematic Review of 49 Clinical Trials.

Author: RosanoffAndrea, CostelloRebecca B, JohnsonGuy H

Hypertension treatment
Ineffectiveness in controlled hypertensives

This study analyzed 49 oral magnesium trials for blood pressure (BP) and found that oral magnesium (≥240 mg/day) safely lowered BP in uncontrolled hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medications, while >600 mg/day was required for untreated hypertensives.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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