Effects of magnesium oxide: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Magnesium oxide has been shown to have various applications in various fields, including food additives, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. However, there are still many aspects of magnesium oxide safety that remain unknown, and further research is needed.

Magnesium oxide is widely used as a treatment for constipation. 19 found that magnesium oxide reduced the concentration of duloxetine, an antidepressant, in the blood. However, the antidepressant effect of duloxetine was not affected by the combined use of magnesium oxide.

Magnesium oxide is effective in removing arsenic from water. 3 showed that magnesium oxide nanoparticles calcined at 650°C could adsorb arsenic in water. Calcination increased the pore size of magnesium oxide, improving its arsenic adsorption capacity.

Magnesium oxide can also inhibit biofilm formation in food processing environments. 5 found that magnesium oxide nanoparticles inhibited biofilm formation by Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles also had the effect of inhibiting bacterial adhesion by reducing cell surface hydrophobicity.

Magnesium oxide can also activate the plant's immune system. 12 showed that spraying magnesium oxide on tomato leaves induced the expression of plant stress genes, enhancing resistance to pathogens.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Magnesium oxide has been shown to be effective in treating constipation, removing arsenic from water, inhibiting biofilm formation in food processing environments, and activating plant immunity. 19 , 3 , 5 , 12

Risk Summary

Excessive intake of magnesium oxide can cause side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. 18 Magnesium oxide can also reduce the blood concentration of duloxetine. 19 2 found that magnesium oxide nanoparticles could be toxic to reproductive organs in rats. Magnesium oxide has also been suggested to be toxic to the liver. 14

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

Many studies have shown that magnesium oxide is effective in treating constipation, removing arsenic from water, inhibiting biofilm formation, and other applications. 19 , 3 , 5 , 12

Differences Between Studies

The effects of magnesium oxide have been shown to vary depending on its form and manufacturing method. 15 Different studies have also produced different results on the safety of magnesium oxide. 14 , 2

Consistency and Contradictions in the Findings

The effects of magnesium oxide are consistent, but safety concerns are controversial. 14 , 2

Points to Note Regarding Real-Life Applications

Magnesium oxide is used as a food additive and medicine, but excessive intake should be avoided. 19 Further research is needed on the safety of magnesium oxide. 14 , 2

Limitations of Current Research

There is still not enough research on the safety of magnesium oxide. In particular, further research is needed on the safety of nanoparticles. 14 , 2

Future Research Directions

Research on the safety of magnesium oxide, especially nanoparticles, is needed. Research is also needed to evaluate the benefits and risks of magnesium oxide in various applications. 14 , 2

Conclusion

Magnesium oxide is used in various fields but there is not enough research on its safety. Further research is needed to ensure the safe use of magnesium oxide. 14 , 2

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
2
Article Type
2
0
0
0
20
1.

Comparative effects of a Mg-enriched diet and different orally administered magnesium oxide preparations on ionized Mg, Mg metabolism and electrolytes in serum of human volunteers.

Author: AlturaB T, WilimzigC, TrnovecT, NyulassyS, AlturaB M

This study found that short-term dietary elevation in magnesium intake could alter serum ionized magnesium (IMg2+), total magnesium (TMg), % ionized magnesium (% IMg2+), and other cations. Different formulated preparations of magnesium oxide (MgO) could also alter serum IMg2+, TMg, % IMg2+, and other cations in magnesium-loaded subjects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Cytotoxic effects of dose dependent inorganic magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the reproductive organs of rats.

Author: NaguibGhada H, Abd El-AzizGamal S, KayalRayyan A, MiraAbdulghani I, HajjajMaher S, MouslyHisham A, HamedMohamed T

None mentioned
MgO NPs toxicity
Reproductive toxicity

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) are widely used, but their safety and toxicity to humans are not fully understood, particularly concerning reproductive organs. This study investigated the effects of MgO NPs on the reproductive organs of male and female rats. Two doses of MgO NPs were administered, and their toxicity was evaluated using histological, hormonal, and oxidative parameters.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Exploratory, multicenter, open-label study to evaluate the effects of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation with an insufficient response to magnesium oxide: A study protocol.

Author: YoshiharaTsutomu, KessokuTakaomi, TakatsuTomohiro, MisawaNoboru, AshikariKeiichi, FuyukiAkiko, OhkuboHidenori, HigurashiTakuma, IwakiMichihiro, KurihashiTakeo, NakatogawaMachiko, YamamotoKoji, TeradaIzuru, TanakaYusuke, NakajimaAtsushi

Constipation treatment
Quality of life

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of linaclotide in improving symptoms and quality of life in chronic constipation patients who show insufficient response to magnesium oxide, a common first-line treatment in Japan.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Effects of temperature, pH and sodium chloride on antimicrobial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against E. coli O157:H7.

Author: YoonJoon Young, YeomWoorim, KimHoikyung, BeuchatLarry R, RyuJee-Hoon

Antimicrobial activity

The antimicrobial activity of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles against E. coli O157:H7 increases with increased temperature, pH, and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Effects of Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Oxide, and Magnesium Sulfate Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Intervention Trial.

Author: SchuttenJoëlle C, JorisPeter J, GroendijkIris, EelderinkCoby, GroothofDion, van der VeenYvonne, WesterhuisRalf, GoormanFrans, DanelRichard M, de BorstMartin H, BakkerStephan J L

Improved arterial stiffness
Increased magnesium levels

Oral magnesium citrate supplementation for 24 weeks did not significantly change arterial stiffness or blood pressure in overweight and slightly obese individuals. Magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate had similar nonsignificant effects. Magnesium citrate increased plasma and urine magnesium compared with placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Supplementing a blend of magnesium oxide to feedlot cattle: effects on ruminal, physiological, and productive responses.

Author: ColomboEduardo A, CookeReinaldo F, AraújoAna Clara R, HarveyKelsey M, PohlerKy G, BrandãoAlice P

Rumen pH control

This experiment evaluated the ruminal, physiological, and productive responses of feedlot cattle consuming a corn-based finishing diet that included different levels of a magnesium oxide (MG) blend. Cattle supplemented with MG tended to have less carcass marbling compared to the control group. Supplemental MG was effective in controlling rumen pH but did not improve feedlot performance and carcass merit.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled Trial, VeterinaryRandomized controlled trials involving animals. They evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment methods.

Language : English

16.

Effects of calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide and encapsulated sodium bicarbonate on measures of post-ruminal fermentation.

Author: NeiderferKayla P, BarnardAmanda M, MoyerKassandra Z, TrenchAlexis M, TaylorAshley E, CroninShane K, GressleyTanya F

High starch feeding

This study evaluated the impact of buffers or alkalinizing agents on faecal indicators of intestinal fermentation and LPS in dairy cows fed a high starch diet. The results showed that some treatments altered fermentation, but they did not significantly reduce faecal LPS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled Trial, VeterinaryRandomized controlled trials involving animals. They evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment methods.

Language : English

17.

Effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate supplementation on arterial stiffness in healthy overweight individuals: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author: SchuttenJoëlle C, JorisPeter J, MensinkRonald P, DanelRichard M, GoormanFrans, Heiner-FokkemaM Rebecca, WeersmaRinse K, KeyzerCharlotte A, de BorstMartin H, BakkerStephan J L

Arterial Stiffness
Cardiovascular Risk

This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of different magnesium compounds on arterial stiffness and explore underlying mechanisms, including changes in blood pressure and gut microbiota diversity.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Effects of magnesium oxide on pharmacokinetics of L-dopa/carbidopa and assessment of pharmacodynamic changes by a model-based simulation.

Author: KashiharaYushi, TeraoYui, YodaKensaku, HirotaTakeshi, KubotaToshio, KimuraMiyuki, MatsukiShunji, HirakawaMasaaki, IrieShin, IeiriIchiro

Constipation improvement
L-dopa degradation

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is commonly used to alleviate constipation in Parkinson's disease patients receiving L-dopa/carbidopa (LDCD) treatment. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic interactions between MgO and LDCD in rats and humans. It found that MgO may decrease L-dopa absorption, leading to potential pharmacodynamic effects on Parkinson's disease treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Effects of Magnesium Oxide on the Serum Duloxetine Concentration and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Duloxetine in Rats.

Author: EsumiSatoru, KitamuraYoshihisa, Yokota-KumasakiHitomi, UshioSoichiro, Yamada-TakemotoAkane, NagaiRyo, OgawaAtsushi, KawasakiYoichi, SendoToshiaki

Antidepressant-like effects
Constipation
Duloxetine absorption

Magnesium oxide can interact with duloxetine, a serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, reducing its absorption and potentially affecting its antidepressant-like effects. The study highlights the importance of considering the potential for drug interactions when co-administering medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

In vitro antibiofilm and anti-adhesion effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Author: HayatSumreen, MuzammilSaima, RasoolMuhammad Hidayat, NisarZonaira, HussainSyed Zajif, SabriAnjum Nasim, JamilSaba

Antibacterial
Antibiofilm
Safe

MgO nanoparticles (NPs) were found to be effective and safe antibiofilm agents against antibiotic-resistant clinical strains of bacteria. They inhibited adhesion, biofilm formation, and removed established biofilms of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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