Side Effects of magnesium sulfate: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Magnesium sulfate is a medication widely used in various medical settings, including treatment of preeclampsia and eclampsia, prevention of preterm labor, treatment of arrhythmias after cardiac surgery, mitigation of chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity, and prevention of uterine atony during cesarean delivery. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate its efficacy and safety, providing insights into potential side effects.

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of magnesium sulfate are attributed to its pharmacological actions. Magnesium sulfate acts by inhibiting calcium channels and suppressing neuromuscular excitability, leading to various effects on the body, including muscle relaxation, respiratory depression, and hypotension.

Common Side Effects

Respiratory Depression

Magnesium sulfate can suppress the respiratory center, potentially leading to a decreased respiratory rate, which can result in respiratory distress and apnea. 12

Hypotension

Magnesium sulfate can lower blood pressure due to its vasodilating effect, potentially resulting in hypotension. 12

Decreased Heart Rate

Magnesium sulfate can decrease heart rate, which may lead to bradycardia. 12

Muscle Weakness

Due to its muscle-relaxing properties, magnesium sulfate can cause muscle weakness, potentially leading to difficulty walking or breathing. 12

Nausea and Vomiting

Magnesium sulfate can affect the digestive system, leading to nausea and vomiting. 12

Fever

Magnesium sulfate can induce fever. 12

Rash

Magnesium sulfate can cause rash. 12

Decreased Level of Consciousness

Magnesium sulfate can decrease the level of consciousness, potentially leading to coma. 12

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Respiratory Depression

If respiratory depression occurs, a ventilator might be required. 12

Hypotension

In case of hypotension, intravenous fluids or vasopressors may be necessary. 12

Decreased Heart Rate

If decreased heart rate occurs, a pacemaker might be required. 12

Muscle Weakness

Rehabilitation may be necessary if muscle weakness occurs. 12

Nausea and Vomiting

Antiemetics can be administered to manage nausea and vomiting. 12

Fever

Antipyretics can be used to treat fever. 12

Rash

Antihistamines can be administered to alleviate rash. 12

Decreased Level of Consciousness

Intensive care may be required if the level of consciousness decreases. 12

Comparison between Studies

Common Points of Studies

These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate while also providing insights into potential side effects. Notably, side effects like respiratory depression, hypotension, and decreased heart rate have been consistently reported across studies.

Differences between Studies

The studies differ in their methods of administering magnesium sulfate and the target diseases being investigated. As a result, the incidence and types of side effects observed may vary.

Precautions for Application in Real Life

Magnesium sulfate is a widely used medication in medical settings, but it's crucial to remember that it carries a significant risk of side effects. Therefore, it's essential to always follow your doctor's instructions when taking or receiving magnesium sulfate. Additionally, if you notice any side effects, consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of magnesium sulfate is still limited, and more studies are needed, especially concerning long-term side effects and the influence of individual differences on side effects.

Directions for Future Research

Further research on the side effects of magnesium sulfate is needed in the following areas: ・Research on long-term side effects ・Research on the influence of individual differences on side effects ・Research on methods to mitigate side effects

Conclusion

Magnesium sulfate is an effective medication for the treatment of various diseases, but it's essential to be aware of its potential side effects. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking or receiving magnesium sulfate, and promptly seek medical attention if you experience any adverse reactions.

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
7
1
1
5
23
1.

Antiarrhythmic effect of magnesium sulfate after open heart surgery: effect of blood levels.

Author: KiziltepeUgursay, EyiletenZeynep Bastuzel, SirlakMustafa, TasozRefik, AralAtilla, ErenNeyyir Tuncay, UysalelAdnan, AkalinHakki

Treat arrhythmias
Negligible side effects

This study compared magnesium sulfate, a first-line antiarrhythmic agent, with other commonly used antiarrhythmic agents in treating post-cardiac surgery arrhythmias.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

[Magnesium sulfate in obstetrics: current data].

Author: AzriaE, TsatsarisV, GoffinetF, KayemG, MignonA, CabrolD

Prevents eclampsia
Increased infant mortality

Magnesium sulfate is an effective treatment for women with eclampsia and preeclampsia. However, it is not effective in preventing preterm birth.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

3.

Maternal side effects & fetal neuroprotection according to body mass index after magnesium sulfate in a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Author: VilchezGustavo, DaiJing, LagosMoraima, SokolRobert J

Neuroprotection
Maternal toxicity

This study aims to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on maternal toxicity and fetal neuroprotection after magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

An integrative review of the side effects related to the use of magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia management.

Author: SmithJeffrey Michael, LoweRichard F, FullertonJudith, CurrieSheena M, HarrisLaura, Felker-KantorErica

Eclampsia management
Pre-eclampsia management

Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is a serious condition affecting pregnant women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Magnesium sulfate is the standard treatment for preventing seizures associated with the condition. This review addresses concerns about the safety of magnesium sulfate, examining the literature to assess the evidence for potential toxicity in global settings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Therapy with both magnesium sulfate and nifedipine does not increase the risk of serious magnesium-related maternal side effects in women with preeclampsia.

Author: MageeLaura A, MiremadiSaman, LiJing, ChengCarol, EnsomMary H H, CarletonBruce, CôtéAnne-Marie, von DadelszenPeter

Co-administration of nifedipine and magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia did not increase the risk of serious magnesium-related effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Maternal and fetal side effects of tocolysis using transdermal nitroglycerin or intravenous fenoterol combined with magnesium sulfate.

Author: SchleussnerEkkehard, MöllerArne, GrossWalter, KählerChristiane, MöllerUdo, RichterSabine, SeewaldHans Joachim

Promising preterm labor treatment
Safe for mother and fetus
Headache

Transdermal nitroglycerin appeared to be a safe therapy for mothers and fetuses and is a promising new option for treating preterm labor.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Efficacy and side effects of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine as tocolytic agents.

Author: WilkinsI A, LynchL, MehalekK E, BerkowitzG S, BerkowitzR L

Effective for preterm labor
Highly successful in delaying delivery
More serious side effects with ritodrine
Side effects

Ritodrine and magnesium sulfate were both effective in delaying delivery in 120 patients with established preterm labor. The two drugs had comparable efficacy, with side effects being more serious in the ritodrine group.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.

Author: DiazVirginia, LongQian, OladapoOlufemi T

Eclampsia prevention
Eclampsia treatment
Magnesium sulfate regimens

This review provides an update on the use of magnesium sulfate for the prevention and treatment of eclampsia in pregnant women. It discusses the evolving regimens for administering magnesium sulfate and the lack of clarity on the comparative benefits or harms of alternative regimens.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Antenatal Neuroprotective Magnesium Sulfate in Very Preterm Infants and Its Association With Feeding Intolerance.

Author: Ozer BekmezBuse, Kanmaz KutmanHayriye Gozde, OguzYuksel, UygurDilek, ElbayiyevSarkhan, CanpolatFuat Emre, OguzSerife Suna, TaymanCuneyt

Fetal neuroprotection
Neonatal morbidity
Neonatal mortality

This study aimed to investigate the impact of neonatal serum magnesium (Mg) levels on neonatal outcomes, particularly short-term morbidity and mortality, after maternal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment for fetal neuroprotection.

Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Comparison of Zuspan regimen and its 12-hour modification in women with severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in two hospitals in Abeokuta.

Author: GrilloElizabeth Oluwakemi, AwonugaDavid Olalekan, DedekeIyabo Olabisi Florence, AbiodunOlusanya, ImaraluJohn O, SotunsaJohn Obafemi, JimohOlanrewaju Saheed, NwankpaChimaobi

SPE/EC management

This study compared Zuspan regimen with its 12-hour modification for SPE/EC management in two major hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun state, South Western Nigeria.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Attenuating the Pressor Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Controlled Hypertensives: The Effect of Combining Lidocaine and Magnesium Sulphate.

Author: IbiribigbeW O, IdehenH O, AmadasunF E

Pressor response attenuation

Laryngoscopy and intubation, procedures used in anesthesia, can cause a pressor response, which can be harmful to patients with hypertension. This article reviews the use of magnesium and lidocaine, alone and in combination, to attenuate the pressor response in hypertensive patients.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Ritodrine-induced rhabdomyolysis and psychiatric symptoms: a case report and literature review.

Author: SunLi, TangMimi, PengMei, XuPing, WangYing

Psychiatric symptoms
Rhabdomyolysis

Intravenous ritodrine, a β2-adrenergic agonist used for preterm labor, may be associated with rhabdomyolysis and psychiatric symptoms.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

A novel 12-hour versus 24-hour magnesium sulfate regimen in the management of eclampsia and preeclampsia in Ghana (MOPEP Study): A randomized controlled trial.

Author: BeyuoTitus K, LawrenceEmma R, KobernikEmily K, OppongSamuel A

Reduced side effects
Shorter hospital stay

This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of a 12-hour versus 24-hour regimen of intramuscular magnesium sulfate in the management of eclampsia and preeclampsia. The 12-hour regimen showed similar rates of seizures, but with fewer side effects and shorter inpatient admission compared to the 24-hour regimen.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

Nebulized fentanyl for respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19 (ventanyl trial).

Author: ShaikhNissar, KhatibMohamad Y, WraidatMohammad A Al, MohamedAhmed S, Al-AssafAnood A, TharayilAbdul Gafoor M, AbujaberAhmad A, NashwanAbdulqadir J

Treat COVID-19 symptoms

This proposed phase-III clinical trial aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of nebulized fentanyl citrate in suppressing cough, improving breathlessness, and relieving throat pain in patients with COVID-19.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

Effective Dose of Prophylactic Oxytocin Infusion During Cesarean Delivery in 90% Population of Nonlaboring Patients With Preeclampsia Receiving Magnesium Sulfate Therapy and Normotensives: An Up-Down Sequential Allocation Dose-Response Study.

Author: TyagiAsha, MohanAparna, SinghYuvraj, LuthraAnkit, GargDevansh, MalhotraRajeev Kumar

Preeclampsia
Uterine atony

This study aims to determine the minimum effective dose of oxytocin during cesarean delivery in women with preeclampsia, considering the potential tocolytic effects of magnesium sulfate.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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