Effective treatment of marijuana: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Research Findings

Multiple studies have investigated the effectiveness of various approaches to treating marijuana use. 5 found that extended cognitive-behavioral group therapy (RPSG) and brief individual therapy using motivational interviewing (IAI) significantly reduced marijuana use, dependence symptoms, and negative consequences compared to a control group. 17 assessed the time to marijuana abstinence initiation in adolescents, with 51% achieving at least 6 weeks of abstinence. 1 demonstrated the effectiveness of behavioral therapy in significantly improving drug-free rates compared to a supportive treatment. 13 explored the mechanisms of change in marijuana dependence, suggesting cognitive-behavioral coping skills training (CBT) and contingency management (ContM) as potential mechanisms. 14 highlighted the importance of treatment process and alliance in both brief and extended treatments for marijuana dependence. 3 found that pretreatment marijuana use frequency and self-efficacy were significant predictors of post-treatment marijuana use frequency. 12 investigated the effects of THC and lofexidine in a human laboratory model of marijuana withdrawal and relapse. 18 examined the association between marijuana use and abstinence from other substances among individuals with substance dependence. 19 evaluated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on alcohol use during adolescent marijuana cessation trials. 4 investigated the impact of marijuana use on treatment outcomes among opioid-dependent patients. 15 found that contingency management (CM) was effective for cocaine-dependent patients with pretreatment marijuana use. 8 explored the potential of divalproex sodium as a pharmacotherapy for marijuana dependence. 9 demonstrated the effectiveness of abstinence-based vouchers in promoting extended marijuana abstinence and the role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in maintaining those gains. 6 established the Marijuana Treatment Project (MTP) to develop empirically validated treatments for marijuana dependence. 2 compared the effectiveness of relapse prevention (RP) and social support (SSP) group discussion interventions for marijuana dependence. 7 evaluated the effectiveness of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) with and without contingency management (CM) in engaging young marijuana abusers in treatment. 20 reviewed evidence for medical cannabinoids in children and adolescents. 11 analyzed the cost-effectiveness of using contingency management (CM) and motivational/skills-building therapy (MET/CBT) to treat young adults with marijuana dependence. 16 compared the efficacy of four pharmacotherapy agents (naltrexone, bupropion, escitalopram, and bromazepam) for marijuana addiction. 10 found that the combination of MET/CBT and CM was most effective in treating young adults with marijuana dependence.

Treatment Summary

These studies highlight various approaches to treating marijuana dependence. 5 suggests that extended cognitive-behavioral group therapy (RPSG) and brief motivational interviewing-based individual therapy (IAI) are effective. 17 indicates the potential of 14-week behavioral therapy for adolescents. 1 shows that behavioral therapy significantly improves drug-free rates compared to supportive treatments. 13 suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management (ContM) may be effective mechanisms of change. 9 demonstrates the effectiveness of combining abstinence-based vouchers with cognitive-behavioral therapy for long-term abstinence maintenance. Additionally, 11 found that contingency management (CM) and motivational/skills-building therapy (MET/CBT) are cost-effective for treating young adults with marijuana dependence. 16 explores the efficacy of pharmacotherapy agents such as naltrexone, bupropion, escitalopram, and bromazepam.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Treatment for marijuana dependence can reduce marijuana use, dependence symptoms, and negative consequences. It can also improve quality of life, increase concentration at work or school, enhance relationships, and reduce legal issues. Additionally, treatment can help lower the risk of relapse.

Risk Summary

Treatment for marijuana dependence can have potential side effects. For example, cognitive-behavioral therapy may temporarily trigger anxiety or discomfort when addressing past traumas or stressors. Contingency management can raise concerns about the possibility of increased dependence due to rewards such as vouchers. Additionally, pharmacotherapy carries the risk of side effects and interactions. It's crucial to consult with a doctor or therapist before starting treatment to understand the risks and benefits.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Many studies indicate that treatment for marijuana dependence provides numerous benefits for individuals, families, and society as a whole. Additionally, many studies suggest that treatment effectively reduces marijuana use, dependence symptoms, and negative consequences.

Differences

Variations in treatment methods, participants, study durations, and evaluation approaches across studies necessitate cautious interpretation of the results. For instance, while 5 found effectiveness for extended cognitive-behavioral group therapy (RPSG) and brief motivational interviewing-based individual therapy (IAI), 17 highlighted the potential of 14-week behavioral therapy for adolescents. Similarly, 9 emphasizes the effectiveness of combining abstinence-based vouchers with cognitive-behavioral therapy for long-term abstinence maintenance, while 11 demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of contingency management (CM) and motivational/skills-building therapy (MET/CBT) for treating young adults with marijuana dependence. These discrepancies could be explained by factors such as treatment method, participant characteristics, and social context.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Research consistently suggests that treatment for marijuana dependence is effective. However, some inconsistencies in results exist, potentially due to differences in study design, participant characteristics, evaluation methods, and other factors. The effectiveness of marijuana dependence treatment is influenced by various individual characteristics and social circumstances, making it challenging to draw definitive conclusions.

Considerations for Applying Findings in Real Life

While treatment for marijuana dependence offers significant benefits, selecting and consistently adhering to appropriate treatment methods is crucial. Before seeking treatment, consult with a doctor or therapist to discuss your situation, needs, and choose a suitable treatment plan. Seeking support from family and friends can enhance treatment outcomes.

Limitations of Current Research

Current research exhibits some limitations. Many studies rely on relatively small sample sizes, limiting the generalizability of findings. Additionally, differences in treatment methods, participant characteristics, and evaluation approaches across studies complicate result comparison. Furthermore, the effectiveness of marijuana dependence treatment is influenced by numerous individual characteristics and social circumstances, making definitive conclusions difficult.

Future Research Directions

Further research on marijuana dependence treatment is necessary. Investigating long-term effects of various treatments, combined treatment effectiveness, the impact of individual characteristics and social situations on treatment outcomes, and cost-effectiveness are crucial. Research on marijuana dependence prevention is also needed.

Conclusion

Treatment for marijuana dependence shows promise for effectiveness. However, factors such as treatment method, participant characteristics, and social circumstances can influence treatment outcomes. Consult with a doctor or therapist to select a suitable treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. Family and friends' support can significantly enhance treatment success.

Treatment List

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)• Contingency Management (ContM)• Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET)• Abstinence-Based Vouchers• Pharmacotherapy (Naltrexone, Bupropion, Escitalopram, Bromazepam, etc.)• Group Therapy• Individual Therapy

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
20
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21
1.

Behavior therapy for drug abuse: a controlled treatment outcome study.

Author: AzrinN H, McMahonP T, DonohueB, BesalelV A, LapinskiK J, KoganE S, AciernoR E, GallowayE

Drug-free outcomes
Effective illegal drug treatment

This study of 82 individuals with illegal drug use found that behavioral treatment was more effective than supportive treatment in reducing drug use, improving employment/school attendance, and improving other life areas.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Treating adult marijuana dependence: a test of the relapse prevention model.

Author: StephensR S, RoffmanR A, SimpsonE E

marijuana use reduction
alcohol use
marijuana use

This study of 212 men and women seeking treatment for marijuana use found that relapse prevention (RP) and social support group discussion interventions were equally effective in reducing marijuana use and associated problems.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Predictors of marijuana treatment outcomes: the role of self-efficacy.

Author: StephensR S, WertzJ S, RoffmanR A

Marijuana dependence treatment

This study of 167 adults who participated in outpatient treatments for marijuana dependence found that pretreatment marijuana intake and self-efficacy variables were significant predictors of posttreatment frequency of use, while socioeconomic and severity of abuse indicators predicted posttreatment marijuana-related problems.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

4.

Marijuana use and treatment outcome among opioid-dependent patients.

Author: BudneyA J, BickelW K, AmassL

Treatment success without marijuana abstinence
Marijuana use associated with drug dealing
Marijuana use associated with sharing needles

This study found that marijuana use was common among people enrolled in treatment for opioid dependence and that marijuana use was not significantly associated with treatment outcome. The study suggests that progress in treatment for opioid dependence can be made without mandating that patients abstain from marijuana use.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

5.

Comparison of extended versus brief treatments for marijuana use.

Author: StephensR S, RoffmanR A, CurtinL

Reduced consequences
Reduced dependence
Reduced marijuana use

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy (relapse prevention support group; RPSG) and brief motivational interviewing (individualized assessment and intervention; IAI) were both effective in reducing marijuana use and dependence symptoms in adults seeking treatment, showing significantly greater improvement than a delayed treatment control group.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

The Marijuana Treatment Project: rationale, design and participant characteristics.

Author: StephensRobert S, BaborThomas F, KaddenRonald, MillerMichael,

The Marijuana Treatment Project (MTP) successfully recruited a more ethnically and gender diverse sample than had been studied previously for marijuana dependence treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Engaging young probation-referred marijuana-abusing individuals in treatment: a pilot trial.

Author: SinhaRajita, EastonCaroline, Renee-AubinLisa, CarrollKathleen M

Improved legal problems
Improved treatment engagement
Reduced marijuana use

This study investigated different treatment approaches for young people referred for marijuana abuse. Those who received motivational enhancement therapy (MET) plus a reward system (MET/CM) were more likely to complete the three-session intervention compared to those who only received MET. Both groups showed significant reductions in marijuana use and improvement in legal issues. This suggests that evidence-based treatments are effective for young marijuana users.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

8.

Pharmacotherapy for marijuana dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of divalproex sodium.

Author: LevinFrances Rudnick, McDowellDavid, EvansSuzette M, NunesEdward, AkereleEvaristo, DonovanStephen, VosburgSuzanne K

Marijuana dependence treatment

This study investigated the potential of divalproex sodium to treat marijuana dependence. The study found that people with marijuana dependence were willing to seek treatment and could be successfully enrolled in a medication trial. Regardless of whether they received divalproex sodium or a placebo, participants reported a decrease in marijuana use and irritability. These findings suggest that further research into medications for marijuana dependence is warranted. A future study should include a combination of therapy and behavioral interventions that emphasize motivation and medication adherence, as well as a placebo control group.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

9.

Clinical trial of abstinence-based vouchers and cognitive-behavioral therapy for cannabis dependence.

Author: BudneyAlan J, MooreBrent A, RochaHeath L, HigginsStephen T

Marijuana abstinence

This study found that abstinence-based voucher incentives were effective in increasing marijuana abstinence during treatment, while cognitive-behavioral therapy enhanced the long-term maintenance of those initial gains.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

10.

The use of contingency management and motivational/skills-building therapy to treat young adults with marijuana dependence.

Author: CarrollKathleen M, EastonCaroline J, NichCharla, HunkeleKaren A, NeavinsTara M, SinhaRajita, FordHaley L, VitoloSally A, DoebrickCheryl A, RounsavilleBruce J

Marijuana dependence treatment

This study compared four treatment approaches for young adults with marijuana dependence: 1) motivational/skills-building therapy (MET/CBT) with incentives, 2) MET/CBT without incentives, 3) individual drug counseling (DC) with incentives, and 4) DC without incentives. The study found that incentives (contingency management; CM) significantly improved treatment attendance and marijuana-free urine samples. The combination of MET/CBT and CM was the most effective for reducing marijuana use. Participants in the MET/CBT groups continued to decrease their marijuana use six months after treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

11.

The cost-effectiveness of four treatments for marijuana dependence.

Author: OlmsteadTodd A, SindelarJody L, EastonCaroline J, CarrollKathleen M

Marijuana dependence treatment

Contingency management (CM) and motivational/skills building therapy (MET/CBT) are cost-effective treatments for young adults with marijuana dependence.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

12.

Effects of THC and lofexidine in a human laboratory model of marijuana withdrawal and relapse.

Author: HaneyMargaret, HartCarl L, VosburgSuzanne K, ComerSandra D, ReedStephanie Collins, FoltinRichard W

Marijuana relapse treatment
Marijuana withdrawal treatment
Anorexia
Sedation

THC reversed anorexia and weight loss associated with marijuana withdrawal but increased sleep onset latency. Lofexidine improved sleep and decreased marijuana relapse. The combination of lofexidine and THC showed the most robust improvements in sleep and decreased marijuana withdrawal, craving, and relapse in daily marijuana smokers compared to either medication alone.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

13.

Coping skills training and contingency management treatments for marijuana dependence: exploring mechanisms of behavior change.

Author: LittMark D, KaddenRonald M, Kabela-CormierElise, PetryNancy M

Improved marijuana dependence treatment
Marijuana dependence

Achieving lasting abstinence from marijuana is challenging. The most successful treatments typically combine motivational therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and contingency management. While these approaches have a theoretical basis, how they actually work is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms behind behavior change in a treatment trial for marijuana dependence that examined cognitive behavioral therapy, contingency management, and a combination of both.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

14.

Treatment process, alliance and outcome in brief versus extended treatments for marijuana dependence.

Author: GibbonsCarly J, NichCharla, SteinbergKaren, RoffmanRoger A, CorvinoJoanne, BaborThomas F, CarrollKathleen M

Marijuana dependence treatment

This study examined the delivery of treatment for marijuana dependence in a large clinical trial that compared two lengths of therapy (2 sessions vs. 9 sessions) with a control group. The study analyzed how consistently the treatments were delivered and how treatment factors might influence outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

15.

Contingency management is efficacious and improves outcomes in cocaine patients with pretreatment marijuana use.

Author: AlessiSheila M, RashCarla, PetryNancy M

Cocaine use treatment
Needs further research
Unclear impact on treatment

Many people seeking treatment for cocaine use also use marijuana. However, few studies have examined how marijuana use affects treatment outcomes, especially for contingency management (CM) therapy, a method that has been questioned for potentially encouraging the use of drugs that aren't rewarded.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

16.

[Six-month follow-up study of drug treatment for cannabis addiction: comparison study of four drugs].

Author: ShoenfeldNetta, BodnikDana, RosenbergOded, KotlerMoshe, DannonPinhas

Treatment of marijuana addiction

Marijuana addiction is a widespread problem with limited treatment options and high relapse rates. This study investigated the effectiveness of four medications - naltrexone, bupropion, escitalopram, and bromazepam - in treating marijuana addiction.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Hebrew

17.

Initiation of abstinence in adolescents treated for marijuana use disorders.

Author: BrownPamela C, BudneyAlan J, ThostensonJeff D, StangerCatherine

Improve marijuana abstinence

This study found that most adolescents achieved at least 1 week of marijuana abstinence, and 51% achieved 6 weeks of abstinence. Teens with a drug-negative urinalysis at intake and teens with two parents participating in treatment were more likely to achieve at least 6 weeks of abstinence.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

18.

Marijuana use and achievement of abstinence from alcohol and other drugs among people with substance dependence: a prospective cohort study.

Author: MojarradMohammadali, SametJeffrey H, ChengDebbie M, WinterMichael R, SaitzRichard

Addiction treatment

Many people with addiction to drugs or alcohol also use marijuana. It's unclear how to best address marijuana use during addiction treatment, as it's not clear whether it affects the success of quitting other drugs. This study examines the link between marijuana use and staying sober from other substances in people with addiction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

19.

Alcohol use during a trial of N-acetylcysteine for adolescent marijuana cessation.

Author: SquegliaLindsay M, BakerNathaniel L, McClureErin A, TomkoRachel L, AdisetiyoVitria, GrayKevin M

Alcohol use reduction

This secondary analysis evaluated the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on alcohol use in adolescents participating in a marijuana cessation trial.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

20.

Medical Cannabinoids in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Author: WongShane Shucheng, WilensTimothy E

Epilepsy treatment
Nausea and vomiting relief
Neurocognitive side effects
Psychiatric side effects

There is limited evidence for cannabinoids as a medical treatment in children and adolescents. The strongest evidence for benefit was for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, with increasing evidence for epilepsy. More research is needed to evaluate the potential role of medical cannabinoids in children and adolescents, especially given increasing accessibility from state legalization and potential psychiatric and neurocognitive adverse effects identified from studies of recreational cannabis use.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Factors Associated With Marijuana Use Among Treatment-seeking Adult Cigarette Smokers in the Criminal Justice Population.

Author: MontgomeryLaTrice, SchiavonSamantha, CropseyKaren

Inform interventions

This study assessed factors associated with cigarette and marijuana co-use among adults in a community correction program. Individuals who used both cigarettes and marijuana were more likely to be African American, male, and younger. Benzodiazepine and opioid use were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of co-use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

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