Side Effects of molnupiravir: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Molnupiravir is an antiviral drug used to treat mild to moderate COVID-19. Several studies have investigated its effectiveness and safety, demonstrating its potential to shorten recovery time. However, research has also revealed that molnupiravir can cause side effects, highlighting the need for careful consideration when using this medication. 22 6

Reasons for Side Effects

Molnupiravir works by interfering with the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus's genetic material, RNA. However, while targeting the virus, it may also affect human cells, potentially causing side effects. 1

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Gastrointestinal side effects are commonly reported in studies involving molnupiravir. Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain have been observed. 3

Nervous System

Side effects related to the nervous system have been reported, including headache, dizziness, and drowsiness. 23

Other Side Effects

Other reported side effects include rash, muscle pain, and joint pain. 1

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Managing diet and staying hydrated can help alleviate gastrointestinal side effects. If diarrhea is severe, consult a doctor for appropriate medication.

Nervous System Side Effects

If experiencing nervous system side effects, refrain from driving or operating machinery. If symptoms are severe, consult a doctor for appropriate medication.

Other Side Effects

Consult a doctor if any other side effects occur.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities between Studies

Multiple studies have indicated that molnupiravir is an effective treatment for COVID-19. However, it has also been consistently observed that molnupiravir can cause side effects.

Differences between Studies

The frequency and severity of molnupiravir's side effects vary across studies. This variability might be attributed to factors like the age and health status of study participants, as well as the dosage administered.

Precautions for Application in Daily Life

While molnupiravir can be a beneficial treatment option for COVID-19, it comes with the risk of side effects. Therefore, when taking molnupiravir, it's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and report any side effects immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on molnupiravir's side effects is still ongoing and limited. More research, particularly on long-term side effects, is necessary for a complete understanding.

Future Research Directions

Further research is essential to understand the side effects of molnupiravir in more detail, including long-term studies. Developing new drugs that minimize side effects while maintaining effectiveness is another crucial area for future research.

Conclusion

Molnupiravir holds potential as a treatment for COVID-19, but it carries a risk of side effects. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking molnupiravir, and seek immediate medical attention if any side effects occur.

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
1
0
2
11
23
1.

Identification of side effects of COVID-19 drug candidates on embryogenesis using an integrated zebrafish screening platform.

Author: ErnstAlexander, PiragyteIndre, MpAyisha Marwa, LeNgoc Dung, GrandgirardDenis, LeibStephen L, OatesAndrew, MercaderNadia

Counteracted inflammatory response
Embryo activity effects
Reduced body size
Reduced heart functionality

This study investigated the effects of 162 marketed drugs on cardiovascular development in zebrafish embryos. It was found that Remdesivir reduced body size and heart functionality at clinically relevant doses, while Ritonavir and Baricitinib showed reduced heart functionality. Molnupiravir and Baricitinib also showed effects on embryo activity. Sabizabulin was highly toxic at concentrations only 5 times higher than the maximum concentration reached in the blood after administration, and led to a mean mortality of 20% at that maximum concentration. The study also found that zebrafish can be used as a model to study the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein treatment, and that Remdesivir, Ritonavir, Molnupiravir, Baricitinib, and Sabizabulin counteracted the inflammatory response related gene expression upon spike protein treatment. These findings highlight the need to rule out potential side effects of drugs on embryogenesis, and demonstrate the usefulness of zebrafish in studying the immune-modulating properties of COVID-19 compounds.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Interactions of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Paxlovid with Human Drug Transporters.

Author: BakosÉva, Temesszentandrási-AmbrusCsilla, Özvegy-LaczkaCsilla, GáborikZsuzsanna, SarkadiBalázs, TelbiszÁgnes

Antiviral treatment
Drug interactions

Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir, two antiviral agents used to treat COVID-19, can interact with various human transporters, potentially leading to drug-drug interactions. Molnupiravir inhibited CNT1,2 and ENT1,2 nucleoside transporters, while Nirmatrelvir inhibited OATPs and ABCB1.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Management of COVID-19 Infection in a Small Bowel Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.

Author: ChiuTzu-Yu, WengChia-Chi, HaSiu Chung, TsaiHuang-Wen, KohChee-Chee, ChenYun

COVID-19 treatment

This report describes the case of a small bowel transplant patient who developed bloody stools and dizziness after being treated with paxlovid for a COVID-19 infection. The treatment was then changed to molnupiravir without discontinuation of tacrolimus and the patient recovered smoothly. The report discusses the management experience of such patients and reviews the relevant literature.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Efficacy of Sotrovimab (SOT), Molnupiravir (MOL), and Nirmatrelvir/Ritponavir (N/R) and Tolerability of Molnupiravir in Outpatients at High Risk for Severe COVID-19.

Author: KauerVictoria, TotschnigDavid, WaldenbergerFerdinand, AugustinMax, KarolyiMario, NägeliMichelle, WenischChristoph, ZoufalyAlexander

Hospitalization prevention
Symptom improvement
Side effects

All antiviral treatment options (SOT, N/R, and MOL) effectively prevented hospitalization in high-risk COVID-19 patients and were well tolerated. Side effects were pronounced in patients with N/R.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Bench-to-bedside: Innovation of small molecule anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs in China.

Author: YangLiyan, WangZhonglei

Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2

This review discusses the development of small molecule anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs in China.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Molnupiravir When Used Alone Seems to Be Safe and Effective as Outpatient COVID-19 Therapy for Hemodialyzed Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Author: PoznańskiPaweł, Augustyniak-BartosikHanna, Magiera-ŻakAnna, SkalecKarolina, JakuszkoKatarzyna, MazanowskaOktawia, JanczakDariusz, KrajewskaMagdalena, KamińskaDorota

Safe for transplant patients
Symptom improvement
Acute kidney injury

Molnupiravir therapy was found to be safe and potentially effective in treating early COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients. While symptoms improved rapidly in most patients, five kidney transplant recipients experienced acute kidney injury. Further research is needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of molnupiravir in this patient population.

Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Efficacy and safety of Molnupiravir in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review.

Author: MaliKalpana Ramanna, EerikeMadhavi, RajGerard Marshall, BisoiDebasis, PriyadarshiniRekha, RaviGandham, ChaliserryLeo Francis, JantiSiddharam S

Reduced hospitalization risk
Safe and tolerable
Nausea
diarrhea
headache

This systematic review evaluated the safety and efficacy of molnupiravir for the treatment of mild COVID-19. Molnupiravir was safe and well-tolerated, with common adverse effects including nausea, diarrhea, and headache. It significantly decreased time to viral clearance and reduced the risk of hospitalization or death in high-risk patients.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

A comprehensive insight into current control of COVID-19: Immunogenicity, vaccination, and treatment.

Author: MohamedYasser, El-MaradnyYousra A, SalehAhmed K, NaylAbdElAziz A, El-GendiHamada, El-FakharanyEsmail M

Immune response
Vaccine efficacy
COVID-19 complications
Vaccine production complications

This review discusses the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 and the approved COVID-19 vaccines. It also mentions various treatment trials and strategies for COVID-19, including combination therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Antivirals and the Potential Benefits of Orally Inhaled Drug Administration in COVID-19 Treatment.

Author: SahinGokben, Akbal-DagistanOzlem, CulhaMeltem, ErturkAybige, BasarirNur Sena, SancarSerap, Yildiz-PekozAyca

COVID-19 treatment

This review article examines the potential for inhaled antiviral drugs in the treatment of COVID-19. The article discusses the advantages of inhaled drug delivery, such as higher drug concentrations in the pulmonary system and reduced systemic side effects. The article reviews commonly used antiviral drugs and discusses current studies on inhalation therapy for COVID-19, advocating for inhaled antivirals as a potential treatment option.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Efficacy of COVID-19 treatments among geriatric patients: a systematic review.

Author:

Decreased viral load
Improved clinical symptoms
Greater side effects
Inefficient treatment

Favipiravir, bamlanivimab, and baricitinib showed promise in reducing viral load and improving clinical symptoms in geriatric patients with COVID-19. There is conflicting evidence regarding the effectiveness of tocilizumab, convalescent plasma, and anticoagulation therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

Can <i>Panax ginseng</i> help control cytokine storm in COVID-19?

Author: ChoiJong Hee, LeeYoung Hyun, KwonTae Woo, KoSeong-Gyu, NahSeung-Yeol, ChoIk-Hyun

Cytokine storm

This review explores the potential of Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant, as a treatment for cytokine storm associated with COVID-19. The review summarizes experimental and clinical evidence suggesting that Panax ginseng and its active ingredients may help prevent or mitigate cytokine storm by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The findings suggest that Panax ginseng could be a potential adjunct therapy for COVID-19 cytokine storm.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Molnupiravir in unvaccinated patients with COVID-19.

Author:

Treat COVID-19

This study evaluated the effectiveness of molnupiravir for the oral treatment of COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Gastrointestinal and hepatic side effects of potential treatment for COVID-19 and vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Author: LawMan Fai, HoRita, LawKimmy Wan Tung, CheungCarmen Ka Man

COVID-19 treatment
COVID-19 vaccine
GI symptoms
Liver dysfunction

This review examines various medications and vaccines being investigated for COVID-19 treatment and prevention. It discusses potential gastrointestinal and liver complications associated with the disease and treatment, as well as the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

An updated practical guideline on use of molnupiravir and comparison with agents having emergency use authorization for treatment of COVID-19.

Author: SinghAwadhesh Kumar, SinghAkriti, SinghRitu, MisraAnoop

Effective antiviral
Reduced death
Reduced hospitalization

Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral drug that has recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) for the treatment of COVID-19 in the USA, UK, and India. This systematic review found that molnupiravir could be a useful agent in non-pregnant unvaccinated adults with COVID-19 who are at increased risk of severity including hospitalization. It is effective only when used within 5 days of onset of symptoms. A 5-day course seems to be safe without any obvious short-term side effects.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

Neurological side effects and drug interactions of antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2.

Author: AkhvledianiTamar, Bernard-ValnetRaphael, DiasSara P, EikelandRandi, PfauslerBettina, SellnerJohann,

Antiviral treatment

This article summarizes the available knowledge about antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 from a neurologist's perspective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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