Effects of nicotine nasal spray: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Nicotine nasal spray has been shown to be a promising option for smoking cessation, with several studies demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing cigarette cravings and improving abstinence rates. 2 7 8 28 15 22 21 Moreover, nicotine nasal spray has been found to be particularly beneficial for those who have not been successful with other forms of nicotine replacement therapy, such as patches or gum. 3

One of the key advantages of nicotine nasal spray is its rapid absorption rate, which allows for faster relief from withdrawal symptoms compared to other methods. 6 Additionally, research suggests that nicotine nasal spray can have positive effects on cardiovascular health by improving risk factors associated with smoking cessation. 26 5 Furthermore, nicotine nasal spray may offer potential cognitive benefits, particularly for individuals with schizophrenia, where it has been observed to enhance attention and spatial working memory. 9

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Nicotine nasal spray has been demonstrated to be an effective option for smoking cessation, with studies showing it can improve abstinence rates and reduce cravings. 2 7 8 28 15 22 21 It has a faster absorption rate than other forms of nicotine replacement therapy, leading to quicker relief from withdrawal symptoms. 6 Nicotine nasal spray can also contribute to improving cardiovascular health by positively impacting smoking cessation-related risk factors. 26 5 Moreover, it may offer cognitive benefits, specifically for individuals with schizophrenia, by enhancing attention and spatial working memory. 9

Risk Summary

Nicotine nasal spray, while potentially beneficial, can also have some drawbacks. It may cause side effects such as nasal irritation, nosebleeds, headaches, dizziness, nausea, indigestion, insomnia, and rash. 7 2 1 It is also important to be aware of the potential for nicotine dependency when using this form of therapy. 16 Therefore, it's crucial to use nicotine nasal spray as directed by a healthcare professional and monitor for any potential adverse effects.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Many research studies consistently indicate that nicotine nasal spray can improve smoking cessation success rates and reduce cravings. Another common finding is the rapid absorption rate of nicotine nasal spray, which distinguishes it from other forms of nicotine replacement therapy in terms of providing faster relief from withdrawal symptoms.

Differences

While the general findings of nicotine nasal spray's benefits are consistent, there are some variations in the results across different studies. For instance, one study observed that nicotine nasal spray may not be as effective as patches in enhancing positive affect during smoking cessation treatment. 8 Furthermore, some studies have indicated potential cognitive benefits for individuals with schizophrenia, while others did not confirm these effects. 28

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While research suggests that nicotine nasal spray is a promising therapy for smoking cessation, further investigation is necessary to fully understand its effects and safety. The variability in findings across different studies underscores the need for careful consideration and a nuanced approach when interpreting the results. Furthermore, individual responses to nicotine nasal spray can vary, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment plans.

Practical Considerations

Nicotine nasal spray, like any medication, should be used as directed by a healthcare professional. It's essential to be aware of potential side effects and seek guidance from a doctor for any concerns. Individuals considering nicotine nasal spray should consult with their healthcare provider to determine if it's a suitable option for them and to discuss appropriate dosage and administration.

Limitations of Current Research

The research on nicotine nasal spray's effects is still ongoing and more comprehensive studies are needed. Long-term effects and safety require further investigation, and the effectiveness of nicotine nasal spray for various populations and in different contexts needs further exploration.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on investigating the long-term efficacy and safety of nicotine nasal spray. It's also important to study its effectiveness across diverse populations and in different settings, as well as its potential for use in conjunction with other smoking cessation therapies.

Conclusion

Nicotine nasal spray holds promise as a viable option for smoking cessation, with its potential to reduce cravings, improve abstinence rates, and offer benefits for cardiovascular health. However, further research is crucial to comprehensively understand its effects and safety. Individuals considering nicotine nasal spray should consult with their healthcare provider to make informed decisions and ensure safe and effective treatment.

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
5
Article Type
18
2
2
3
29
1.

Effect of nicotine nasal spray on smoking cessation. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

Author: HjalmarsonA, FranzonM, WestinA, WiklundO

Smoking cessation
Side effects

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Efficacy of a nicotine nasal spray in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Author: SchneiderN G, OlmsteadR, ModyF V, DoanK, FranzonM, JarvikM E, SteinbergC

Smoking cessation
Side effects

Nicotine nasal spray (NNS) was significantly more effective than placebo in helping smokers quit. NNS increased success rates at all time points, with 18% of NNS users remaining abstinent after one year.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

3.

Recycling of hard-core smokers with nicotine nasal spray.

Author: TønnesenP, MikkelsenK, NørregaardJ, JørgensenS

Short-term efficacy
Smoking cessation
Low long-term success
Nicotine side effects

Nicotine nasal spray was effective for short-term smoking cessation, but long-term success rates were low, with 6% of participants still abstaining after one year. The study found no significant difference in success rate between ad libitum and fixed dosing.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Temporal effects of nicotine nasal spray and gum on nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

Author: HurtR D, OffordK P, CroghanI T, CroghanG A, Gomez-DahlL C, WolterT D, DaleL C, MoyerT P

Nicotine withdrawal relief

This study compared the effectiveness of nicotine nasal spray and nicotine gum in relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine nasal spray provided more immediate relief for craving, while nicotine gum had longer-lasting effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of nicotine nasal spray on atherogenic and thrombogenic factors during smoking cessation.

Author: LúdvíksdóttirD, BlöndalT, FranzonM, GudmundssonT V, SäweU

Positive effects on cardiovascular risk

Stopping smoking results in positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Nicotine nasal spray, used for up to 3 months, does not have any significant impact on these changes.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of nicotine nasal spray devices on cardiovascular and pulmonary function.

Author: FishbeinL, O'BrienP, HutsonA, TheriaqueD, StacpooleP W, FlotteT

Hemodynamic changes
Pulmonary function changes

This study investigated the hemodynamic and pulmonary effects of nicotine nasal spray in healthy nonsmokers. It found significant changes in both, suggesting potential for adverse effects in non-smokers.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine nasal spray on psychiatric symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia.

Author: SmithRobert C, SinghAbhay, InfanteMauricio, KhandatAmaresh, KloosAngelica

Decreases negative symptoms
Improves cognitive function

Smoking high nicotine cigarettes transiently reduced negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Nicotine nasal spray improved performance on certain cognitive tasks but did not affect negative symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of different nicotine replacement therapies on postcessation psychological responses.

Author: StrasserAndrew A, KaufmannVyga, JepsonChristopher, PerkinsKenneth A, PickworthWallace B, WileytoE Paul, RukstalisMargaret, Audrain-McGovernJanet, LermanCaryn

Enhanced positive affect
Smoking cessation
Negative affect
Withdrawal symptoms

This study investigated the effects of transdermal nicotine patch (TN) versus nicotine nasal spray (NS) on mood and withdrawal symptoms in smokers undergoing smoking cessation treatment. TN participants reported significant increases in positive affect during treatment, while both TN and NS participants experienced increases in negative affect and withdrawal. Changes in negative affect, but not positive affect, predicted relapse. These findings suggest that while TN may enhance positive mood during treatment, addressing negative affect is crucial for successful smoking cessation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

9.

Effects of nicotine nasal spray on cognitive function in schizophrenia.

Author: SmithRobert C, Warner-CohenJessy, MatuteMelissa, ButlerErin, KellyErin, VaidhyanathaswamySumathi, KhanAlea

Enhanced spatial memory
Improved attention

Nicotine may improve attention and spatial working memory in schizophrenic patients who are chronic smokers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Menstrual phase and depressive symptoms differences in physiological response to nicotine following acute smoking abstinence.

Author: AllenSharon S, AllenAlicia M, KotlyarMichael, LunosScott, Al'absiMustafa, HatsukamiDorothy

This randomized crossover study assessed physiological response to nicotine by menstrual phase in female smokers with and without depressive symptoms following acute smoking abstinence. This study aimed to understand the mechanisms involved in the association of depressive symptoms and sex hormones with relapse risk in female smokers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

11.

Subjective response to nicotine by menstrual phase.

Author: AllenAlicia M, LunosScott, HeishmanStephen J, al'AbsiMustafa, HatsukamiDorothy, AllenSharon S

Smoking cessation

This study examines the role of menstrual phase on response to nicotine during acute smoking abstinence. The luteal menstrual phase may be favorable for smoking cessation when non-nicotine interventions are used, while the follicular phase might be more favorable when nicotine interventions are used.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.

Language : English

12.

Negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies are associated with affective response to acute nicotine administration and abstinence.

Author: RobinsonJason D, LamCho Y, CarterBrian L, WetterDavid W, CinciripiniPaul M

Smoking cessation

This study investigated the association between negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies (NRSOE) and changes in negative affect in response to nicotine deprivation and administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Benefits and risks of pharmacological smoking cessation therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Author: WagenaEdwin J, ZeegersMaurice P A, van SchayckConstant P, WoutersEmiel F M

Increased abstinence rates
Adverse effects

This study evaluates the benefits and risks of pharmacological smoking cessation therapies in COPD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Nicotine Population Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adult Smokers: A Retrospective Analysis.

Author: MarchandMathilde, BrossardPatrick, MerdjanHenri, LamaNicola, WeitkunatRolf, LüdickeFrank

This study performed a combined retrospective population pharmacokinetic analysis of 8 trials, including exposure to Tobacco Heating System and cigarettes (both inhaled), nicotine nasal spray and oral nicotine gum.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Validation StudyResearch to assess the validity and reliability of new measurement methods or diagnostic tests.

Language : English

15.

A randomized trial of nicotine nasal spray in adolescent smokers.

Author: RubinsteinMark L, BenowitzNeal L, AuerbackGlenna M, MoscickiAnna-Barbara

Smoking cessation

Nicotine nasal spray is a successful form of nicotine replacement therapy in adults but has not been studied in adolescents.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Acute reinforcing effects of low-dose nicotine nasal spray in humans.

Author: PerkinsK A, GrobeJ E, CaggiulaA, WilsonA S, StillerR L

Smoking cessation

This study found that while nasal nicotine spray was not self-administered significantly more than placebo by smokers as a group, a subset of smokers self-administered higher doses of nicotine, suggesting that nicotine itself may be reinforcing for some smokers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

17.

Arteriovenous differences in plasma concentration of nicotine and catecholamines and related cardiovascular effects after smoking, nicotine nasal spray, and intravenous nicotine.

Author: GourlayS G, BenowitzN L

Addiction

This study measured arterial and venous plasma concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine after tobacco smoking, intravenous nicotine infusion, and use of a nicotine nasal spray. The results suggest that delivery of a high concentration bolus of nicotine through the arterial circulation is important for the addictive and physiological effects of nicotine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

18.

Effects of different nicotine replacement therapies on postcessation psychological responses.

Author: StrasserAndrew A, KaufmannVyga, JepsonChristopher, PerkinsKenneth A, PickworthWallace B, WileytoE Paul, RukstalisMargaret, Audrain-McGovernJanet, LermanCaryn

Enhanced positive affect
Smoking cessation
Negative affect
Withdrawal symptoms

This study investigated the effects of transdermal nicotine patch (TN) versus nicotine nasal spray (NS) on mood and withdrawal symptoms in smokers undergoing smoking cessation treatment. TN participants reported significant increases in positive affect during treatment, while both TN and NS participants experienced increases in negative affect and withdrawal. Changes in negative affect, but not positive affect, predicted relapse. These findings suggest that while TN may enhance positive mood during treatment, addressing negative affect is crucial for successful smoking cessation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

19.

Recycling of hard-core smokers with nicotine nasal spray.

Author: TønnesenP, MikkelsenK, NørregaardJ, JørgensenS

Short-term efficacy
Smoking cessation
Low long-term success
Nicotine side effects

Nicotine nasal spray was effective for short-term smoking cessation, but long-term success rates were low, with 6% of participants still abstaining after one year. The study found no significant difference in success rate between ad libitum and fixed dosing.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

Utilization of nicotine nasal spray in smoking cessation.

Author: MontaltoN J, GarrettS D

Nicotine replacement
Smoking cessation
Adverse effects

Nicotine nasal spray is a new smoking cessation therapy option that offers faster onset and a shorter duration of action than other forms of nicotine replacement therapy.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.

Author: Hartmann-BoyceJamie, ChepkinSamantha C, YeWeiyu, BullenChris, LancasterTim

Smoking cessation
Side effects

There is high-quality evidence that all of the licensed forms of NRT can help people who make a quit attempt to increase their chances of successfully stopping smoking. NRTs increase the rate of quitting by 50% to 60%, regardless of setting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.

Author: SteadLindsay F, PereraRafael, BullenChris, MantDavid, Hartmann-BoyceJamie, CahillKate, LancasterTim

Smoking cessation
Mouth irritation
Skin irritation

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) increased the likelihood of quitting smoking by 50% to 70% compared to placebo. All forms of NRT, including gum, patches, nasal spray, inhalers, and tablets/lozenges, were effective. Combining a nicotine patch with a rapid delivery form of NRT resulted in a higher success rate than using one type alone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

23.

A preliminary study on the effect of combined nicotine replacement therapy on alcohol responses and alcohol self-administration.

Author: UdoTomoko, HarrisonEmily L R, ShiJulia, TetraultJeanette, McKeeSherry A

Reduced alcohol craving

Augmenting the nicotine patch with nicotine nasal spray attenuated positive subjective alcohol response and craving in heavy drinking smokers.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

24.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of nicotine nasal spray devices on cardiovascular and pulmonary function.

Author: FishbeinL, O'BrienP, HutsonA, TheriaqueD, StacpooleP W, FlotteT

Hemodynamic changes
Pulmonary function changes

This study investigated the hemodynamic and pulmonary effects of nicotine nasal spray in healthy nonsmokers. It found significant changes in both, suggesting potential for adverse effects in non-smokers.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

25.

The functional mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) Asn40Asp variant predicts short-term response to nicotine replacement therapy in a clinical trial.

Author: LermanC, WileytoE P, PattersonF, RukstalisM, Audrain-McGovernJ, RestineS, ShieldsP G, KaufmannV, ReddenD, BenowitzN, BerrettiniW H

Improved abstinence rates
Mood disturbance
Weight gain

A genetic variant in the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene was found to predict the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Smokers with the Asp40 variant had a better response to transdermal nicotine than those with the Asn40 variant.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

26.

Effect of smoking reduction and cessation on cardiovascular risk factors.

Author: EliassonB, HjalmarsonA, KruseE, LandfeldtB, Westin A

Cardiovascular risk reduction

This study examined the effects of smoking reduction and cessation on cardiovascular risk factors in smokers. Smoking reduction and cessation were found to improve cardiovascular risk factors.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

Intranasal nicotine for postoperative pain treatment.

Author: FloodPamela, DanielDanette

Analgesic effects

This study investigated the analgesic effects of a single 3 mg dose of nicotine nasal spray administered before emergence from general anesthesia. The study aimed to address the high rate of post-surgical pain experienced by patients despite pharmacological treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

28.

Comparable effects of nicotine in smokers and nonsmokers on a prospective memory task.

Author: RustedJennifer M, TrawleySteven

Prospective memory improvement

This double-blind placebo-controlled study examined the effect of nicotine on prospective memory (ProM) task performance in young adult volunteers. Nicotine improved ProM performance when volunteers could devote resources to the task, but impaired performance when a concurrent auditory monitoring task increased working memory demands. These findings suggest that ProM is a resource-needy process and that nicotine can improve performance by increasing available resources, but increased working memory demands can redirect resources and impair performance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

29.

Leptin levels in smokers and long-term users of nicotine gum.

Author: EliassonB, SmithU

Nicotine may increase leptin levels

This study investigated the effects of cigarette smoking and long-term nicotine use on leptin levels and insulin sensitivity in middle-aged men.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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