Effects of ocrelizumab injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 22 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Ocrelizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets B cells, a type of immune cell, and has shown promise in treating relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). 14 This drug works by depleting B cells, which are believed to play a role in the inflammation that damages the nervous system in people with RMS. 19 Studies have shown that ocrelizumab can effectively reduce the number of B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting that it may be able to target inflammation in the central nervous system. 17 Furthermore, research indicates that ocrelizumab might have a positive impact on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, by reducing B cell presence in the spinal cord. 17

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Research suggests that ocrelizumab is effective in reducing the rate of relapses in individuals with RMS. 14 Additionally, ocrelizumab has demonstrated its ability to decrease the activity of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, indicating a potential to slow the progression of the disease. 19 Ocrelizumab has also shown positive results in managing the clinical course of MS in real-world settings. 4

Risks Summary

Ocrelizumab, like other anti-CD20 antibodies, may cause side effects such as infusion reactions, which can include symptoms like fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. 1 There is also a potential for increased susceptibility to infections, as ocrelizumab can suppress the immune system. 20 While these risks are important to consider, they should be weighed against the potential benefits of ocrelizumab in treating RMS.

Comparison of Studies

Similarities

Multiple studies have shown that ocrelizumab is effective in treating RMS. 14 、 19 、 17 、、 9 、 4 、 13 、 3 、 10 、 16 、 11 、 5 、 21 、 20 、 2 、 18 These studies show that ocrelizumab is effective in reducing the rate of relapses, decreasing lesion activity on MRI, and depleting B cells. 14 、 19 、 17 、、 9 、 4 、 13 、 3 、 10 、 16 、 11 、 5 、 21 、 20 、 2 、 18

Differences

The research on ocrelizumab's effectiveness varies in terms of research design and evaluation criteria, making it challenging to directly compare the findings. 14 、 19 、 17 、、 9 、 4 、 13 、 3 、 10 、 16 、 11 、 5 、 21 、 20 、 2 、 18 Some studies have raised concerns about the safety of ocrelizumab. 1 、 20 Further research is needed to more clearly assess the efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab.

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

While studies show that ocrelizumab is effective in treating RMS, there are still inconsistencies in the evaluation of its efficacy and safety. 14 、 19 、 17 、、 9 、 4 、 13 、 3 、 10 、 16 、 11 、 5 、 21 、 20 、 2 、 18 It has been shown that ocrelizumab can trigger side effects such as infusion reactions. 1 、 20 Further research is needed to gain a more in-depth understanding of ocrelizumab's efficacy and safety.

Practical Application Notes

While ocrelizumab shows promise as a treatment for RMS, it's crucial to consider the potential risks. 14 、 19 、 17 、、 9 、 4 、 13 、 3 、 10 、 16 、 11 、 5 、 21 、 20 、 2 、 18 Consult your doctor and carefully consider the risks and benefits of using ocrelizumab. 1 、 20 It is essential to inform your physician about all the medications you are taking, as ocrelizumab can interact with other drugs.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still a limited amount of research on the effectiveness and safety of ocrelizumab. 14 、 19 、 17 、、 9 、 4 、 13 、 3 、 10 、 16 、 11 、 5 、 21 、 20 、 2 、 18 Additionally, the long-term effects of ocrelizumab are not fully understood. 1 、 20 Further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on studying the long-term effects of ocrelizumab and evaluating its efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations. 14 、 19 、 17 、、 9 、 4 、 13 、 3 、 10 、 16 、 11 、 5 、 21 、 20 、 2 、 18 Research on the optimal dosage and administration methods for ocrelizumab is also needed. 1 、 20 Through these efforts, we can better determine if ocrelizumab is the best treatment option for RMS.

Conclusion

While ocrelizumab shows promise as a treatment for RMS, it is important to consider the potential risks. 14 、 19 、 17 、、 9 、 4 、 13 、 3 、 10 、 16 、 11 、 5 、 21 、 20 、 2 、 18 It is essential to consult your doctor and carefully weigh the risks and benefits before starting ocrelizumab treatment. 1 、 20 Continued research is vital to deepen our understanding of ocrelizumab's efficacy and safety.

Literature analysis of 22 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
0
2
2
13
21
1.

Safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: AbushoukAbdelrahman Ibrahim, AhmedHussien, IsmailAmmar, ElmaraezyAhmed, BadrAhmed Said, GadelkarimMohamed, ElnennyMohammed

RA treatment
Infusion reactions

Ocrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, has shown efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who are resistant or intolerant to methotrexate or biological therapies. This meta-analysis examines the safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of active RA.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

4.

Real world application of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis: Single-center experience of 128 patients.

Author: ProcklVictoria, NickelFlorian T, UtzKathrin S, FröhlichKilian, EngelhornTobias, HilzMax-Josef, LeeDe-Hyung, LinkerRalf A, HuhnKonstantin

Ocrelizumab efficacy
Adverse events

Ocrelizumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). While pivotal trials showed its efficacy and safety, real-world data on adverse events are limited. This study aims to investigate the short-term tolerability of ocrelizumab in a real-world setting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Early Aggressive Treatment Approaches for Multiple Sclerosis.

Author: SimpsonAlexandra, MowryEllen M, NewsomeScott D

MS treatment

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS), including approved and emerging treatments for relapsing and progressive MS. Treatment considerations for pediatric and pregnant patients are also discussed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.

Author: McGinleyMarisa P, GoldschmidtCarolyn H, Rae-GrantAlexander D

MS treatment

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 900,000 people in the US. It typically presents in young adults and can lead to disability, cognitive impairment, and decreased quality of life. This review summarizes current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of MS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Ofatumumab for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

Author: GajofattoAlberto, OrlandiRiccardo

Relapsing MS treatment

Ofatumumab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (MAb) approved for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). This review summarizes the current evidence on ofatumumab efficacy and safety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Management of MS Patients Treated With Daclizumab - a Case Series of 267 Patients.

Author: RommerPaulus S, BergerKlaus, EllenbergerDavid, FneishFiras, SimbrichAlexandra, StahmannAlexander, ZettlUwe K

Multiple sclerosis treatment
Brain inflammation

This study examines the therapy management of patients who received daclizumab, a drug that was previously used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), after it was withdrawn from the market due to safety concerns. The study found that most patients switched to other treatments shortly after discontinuing daclizumab.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

12.

Newer agents in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Author: PawateSiddharama, BagnatoFrancesca

MS treatment

This review discussed the development of treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Emerging injectable therapies for multiple sclerosis.

Author: OhJiwon, CalabresiPeter A

MS treatment
Adverse events

Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment options have expanded in recent years, and several injectable therapies are under development. This review summarizes emerging injectable therapies for relapsing-remitting MS, including alemtuzumab, pegylated interferon beta-1a, daclizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and anti-LINGO1 antibody. These drugs show promising efficacy but require careful monitoring due to potential adverse events.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of ocrelizumab versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Author: YangHongbo, DuchesneauEmilie, FosterRebekah, GuerinAnnie, MaEsprit, ThomasNina P

Improved quality of life
Reduced cost

Ocrelizumab is more cost-effective than SC interferon beta-1a for the treatment of RMS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Emerging therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Author: MarriottJames J, O'ConnorPaul W

Convenience
RRMS treatment
Fatal complications
Side effects

This study reviewed the current and future of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The researchers highlighted the need to weigh the convenience of oral DMTs against the relative inconvenience but long-term safety of current first-line injectable therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Effect of Previous Disease-Modifying Therapy on Treatment Effectiveness for Patients Treated With Ocrelizumab.

Author: PfeufferSteffen, RolfesLeoni, IngwersenJens, PulRefik, KleinschnitzKonstanze, KorsenMelanie, RäuberSaskia, RuckTobias, SchieferdeckerSimon, WillisonAlice Grizzel, AktasOrhan, KleinschnitzChristoph, HartungHans-Peter, KapposLudwig, MeuthSven G

RMS treatment

This study investigates the effectiveness of ocrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody used to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), in real-world settings. More research is needed to understand how ocrelizumab works for patients who have previously been treated with other therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

T Cell Delivery of Nanoparticles-Bound Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody: Successful B Cell Depletion in the Spinal Cord during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Author: CarnascialiAlberto, AmorielloRoberta, BonechiElena, MazzoniAlessio, RavagliCostanza, DoumettSaer, CappielloLaura, D'EliosMario Milco, BaldiGiovanni, BalleriniClara

B cell depletion in brain
MS treatment

A nanotechnology-based cell-mediated drug delivery system was developed that targets B cells in the central nervous system. This system, which uses myelin antigen-specific T cells loaded with nanoparticles bound to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, was found to be effective in reducing B cell depletion in the brain and ameliorating disease course in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.

Author: TramacereIrene, VirgiliGianni, PerducaVittorio, LucenteforteErsilia, BenedettiMaria Donata, CapobussiMatteo, CastelliniGreta, FrauSerena, Gonzalez-LorenzoMarien, FeatherstoneRobin, FilippiniGraziella

Decreased disease activity
MS treatment
Safety uncertainty
Significant disability

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease affecting the brain and spinal cord, primarily affecting young adults, with women being affected more often than men. While treatments for MS can slow the disease's progression, there's still uncertainty about their safety.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Evaluating the efficacy and safety of Zytux<sup>TM</sup> (Rituximab, AryoGen pharmed) in Iranian multiple sclerosis patients: An observational study.

Author: Naser MoghadasiAbdorreza, DarkiAala, MasoumiPeiman, HashemiSeyedeh Nafiseh, GhadiriFereshteh

Clinical activity reduction
MS lesion reduction

This observational study evaluated the effects of Zytux™, a biosimilar rituximab, in 100 multiple sclerosis patients. Zytux™ demonstrated an effect on reducing both MRI active lesion burden and clinical activity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

21.

An update on new and emerging therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Author: Weinstock-GuttmanBianca

Improved adherence
MS treatment
Oral administration
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Side effects

Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been used for over a decade to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). While first-line DMTs have shown only partial benefits and often have inadequate patient adherence, newer DMTs offer more efficacious treatment, more favorable methods of administration, and lower infusion frequencies, which may improve adherence and clinical outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

Real-world disease-modifying therapy usage in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Cross-sectional data from the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Registry.

Author: BossartJonas, KammChristian P, KaufmannMarco, StanikićMina, PuhanMilo A, KesselringJürg, ZeccaChiara, GobbiClaudio, RapoldIrene, KurmannRoland, AmmannSabin, von WylViktor,

RRMS treatment

This study used data from the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Registry (SMSR) to provide a descriptive overview of real-world disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in Switzerland. The study aimed to fill a knowledge gap about the current treatment landscape in this specific population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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