Effects of olanzapine and samidorphan: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that has been reported to be effective in treating schizophrenia without causing disabling extrapyramidal side effects associated with older, typical antipsychotic drugs. 8 However, olanzapine can cause side effects such as weight gain and metabolic abnormalities. 15 Combining olanzapine with the opioid receptor antagonist samidorphan (OLZ/SAM) may mitigate olanzapine-associated weight gain. 15 Olanzapine has been shown to be effective in treating positive symptoms and agitation/excitement symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. 4 However, its effects on negative symptoms, disorganized behavior, and depressive symptoms need further research. 4 Olanzapine may also have an impact on cognitive function, particularly memory and attention deficits. 10 Olanzapine should be used with caution in elderly patients and those with liver dysfunction. 9

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Olanzapine is an effective treatment for the positive symptoms and agitation/excitement symptoms of schizophrenia. 4 It has been reported to cause fewer extrapyramidal side effects compared to conventional antipsychotics. 8 Combining olanzapine with samidorphan may reduce weight gain compared to olanzapine alone. 15

Risks Summary

Olanzapine may cause side effects such as weight gain, metabolic abnormalities, and cognitive decline. 15 10 It should be used with caution in elderly patients and those with liver dysfunction. 9

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities Across Studies

Many studies have shown that olanzapine is effective in treating schizophrenia. 8 1 3 However, the potential for weight gain and metabolic abnormalities associated with olanzapine has also been highlighted. 15 14

Differences Across Studies

The effects and side effects of olanzapine may vary depending on the patient and the dosage. 5 9 Studies comparing olanzapine to other antipsychotics have shown differences in symptoms and side effects. 4 6 2 10

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While numerous studies have shown olanzapine to be effective in treating schizophrenia, its effects and side effects may vary based on individual patients and dosages. 5 9 Comparisons with other antipsychotics have revealed differences in symptoms and side effects. 4 6 2 10 Furthermore, while combining olanzapine with samidorphan may reduce weight gain, further research is necessary to understand its long-term effects and safety. 15

Considerations for Real-World Application

Olanzapine is an effective medication for treating schizophrenia, but it can cause side effects such as weight gain and metabolic abnormalities. 15 14 When taking olanzapine, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and undergo regular check-ups to monitor your weight, blood sugar levels, and other relevant metrics. 15 Olanzapine should be used with caution in elderly patients and those with liver dysfunction. 9

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the effects and side effects of olanzapine is still ongoing. 13 Further research is needed, particularly regarding long-term effects and safety. 15 Additional research is also necessary to understand the variability in effects and side effects based on individual patients and dosages. 5 9

Future Directions for Research

Future research should focus on investigating the long-term effects and safety of olanzapine. 15 Comparative studies with other antipsychotics and research aimed at maximizing the benefits and minimizing the side effects of olanzapine are also crucial. 4 6 2 10

Conclusion

Olanzapine is an effective medication for treating schizophrenia, but it can cause side effects such as weight gain and metabolic abnormalities. 15 14 When taking olanzapine, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and undergo regular check-ups to monitor your weight, blood sugar levels, and other relevant metrics. 15 Combining olanzapine with samidorphan may reduce weight gain compared to olanzapine alone, but further research is needed to confirm its long-term effects and safety. 15 Future research should investigate the long-term effects and safety of olanzapine, conduct comparative studies with other antipsychotics, and focus on minimizing its side effects.

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
11
2
3
3
15
1.

Olanzapine for schizophrenia.

Author: DugganL, FentonM, DardennesR M, El-DosokyA, IndranS

Improved symptom response
Reduced extrapyramidal side effects
Weight gain

Olanzapine may be an effective antipsychotic for schizophrenia with fewer extrapyramidal side effects but with more weight gain compared to typical antipsychotics. Interpretation of results is difficult due to high attrition rates. Further large, long-term randomized trials are needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on hostility among patients with schizophrenia.

Author: CitromeL, VolavkaJ, CzoborP, SheitmanB, LindenmayerJ P, McEvoyJ, CooperT B, ChakosM, LiebermanJ A

Anti-hostility effect

Clozapine demonstrated a specific antiaggressive effect, showing significantly greater improvement than haloperidol or risperidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Olanzapine for schizophrenia.

Author: DugganL, FentonM, DardennesR M, El-DosokyA, IndranS

Schizophrenia treatment
Weight gain

Olanzapine may offer antipsychotic efficacy with fewer extrapyramidal side effects than typical drugs, but more weight gain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

4.

Symptom response and side-effects of olanzapine and risperidone in young adults with recent onset schizophrenia.

Author: van BruggenJohanna, TijssenJans, DingemansPetrus, GersonsBerthold, LinszenDonald

Effective schizophrenia treatment
Side effects

This study compared the symptom response and side effects of olanzapine and risperidone in patients with recent onset schizophrenia. The study found no major differences in symptom response or side effects between the two drugs. Both drugs were effective in treating positive symptoms and agitation/excitement symptoms, but neither affected disorganization or depression symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Adverse effects and laboratory parameters of high-dose olanzapine vs. clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Author: KellyDeanna L, ConleyRobert R, RichardsonCharles M, TammingaCarol A, CarpenterWilliam T

Schizophrenia treatment
Anticholinergic effects
Weight gain

A randomized, double-blind crossover study of clozapine (450 mg/day) vs. high doses of olanzapine (50 mg/day) in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia showed that 20% of clozapine-treated patients responded, while no olanzapine-treated patients responded. Olanzapine was associated with more anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, blurry vision) and weight gain. Clozapine was associated with higher rates of sialorrhea, sweating, dyspepsia, and lethargy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

Comparative effect of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs on neurocognition in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus low doses of haloperidol.

Author: KeefeRichard S E, SeidmanLarry J, ChristensenBruce K, HamerRobert M, SharmaTonmoy, SitskoornMargriet M, LewineRichard R J, Yurgelun-ToddDeborah A, GurRuben C, TohenMauricio, TollefsonGary D, SangerTodd M, LiebermanJeffrey A

First-episode psychosis treatment

This study examines the neurocognitive effects of olanzapine and low doses of haloperidol in patients with first-episode psychosis. The research aims to address the controversy surrounding the effects of antipsychotic medication on neurocognitive function, particularly since previous research has focused on comparing novel antipsychotic medications to high doses of conventional medications.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Is it worth while changing clinically stable schizophrenic out-patients with mild to moderate residual symptoms and/or side effects from conventional to atypical antipsychotics? A prospective, randomised study with olanzapine.

Author: AppelbergBjörn, TuiskuKatinka, JoffeGrigori

Improved neurological side effects
Improved psychotic symptoms

This study compared the effects of olanzapine and conventional antipsychotics in treating schizophrenia. Olanzapine was found to be more effective in reducing both psychotic symptoms and neurological side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Olanzapine for schizophrenia.

Author: DugganL, FentonM, RathboneJ, DardennesR, El-DosokyA, IndranS

Reduced schizophrenia symptoms
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Weight gain

Olanzapine appears to be effective in treating schizophrenia, with fewer extrapyramidal adverse effects than typical antipsychotics, but more weight gain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Plasma concentrations of high-dose olanzapine in a double-blind crossover study.

Author: KellyDeanna L, RichardsonCharles M, YuYang, ConleyRobert R

Anticholinergic effects
Constipation

This study examined the relationship of high-dose olanzapine plasma concentrations to symptoms, adverse effects, smoking, and gender in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Women had significantly higher olanzapine levels than men. Cigarette intake was negatively correlated with olanzapine levels, and higher levels were associated with constipation and anticholinergic effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

10.

Effects of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone on neurocognitive function in early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison.

Author: KeefeRichard S E, SweeneyJohn A, GuHongbin, HamerRobert M, PerkinsDiana O, McEvoyJoseph P, LiebermanJeffrey A

Improved functional outcome
Improved neurocognition

Olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone all produced significant improvements in neurocognition in early-psychosis patients.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Effects of olanzapine long-acting injection on levels of functioning among acutely ill patients with schizophrenia.

Author: WitteMichael M, CaseMichael G, SchuhKory J, Ascher-SvanumHaya

Functioning improvement
Schizophrenia treatment

Olanzapine long-acting injection (olanzapine-LAI) improved functioning in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia within 8 weeks of treatment initiation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Comparison of metabolic effects of ziprasidone versus olanzapine treatment in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Author: OuJian-Jun, XuYi, ChenHong-Hui, FanXiaoduo, GaoKeming, WangJuan, GuoXiao-Feng, WuRen-Rong, ZhaoJing-Ping

Improved glucose metabolism
Improved lipid metabolism
Extrapyramidal side effects
Prolongation of QT interval
Weight gain

Ziprasidone was associated with less adverse metabolic effects (weight gain, glucose, and lipid changes) compared to olanzapine in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. However, olanzapine was more effective in improving symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Comparing tolerability of olanzapine in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a meta-analysis.

Author: MoteshafiHoda, ZhornitskySimon, BrunelleSarah, StipEmmanuel

Extrapyramidal symptoms
Metabolic adverse effects
Sedative adverse effects

Olanzapine is used to treat various psychiatric disorders, but it can cause metabolic adverse effects such as weight gain and increased cholesterol, as well as extrapyramidal symptoms and sedation. This abstract discusses the need for research to investigate if these side effects differ based on the specific psychiatric diagnosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

The role of weight gain in explaining the effects of antipsychotic drugs on positive and negative symptoms: An analysis of the CATIE schizophrenia trial.

Author: BellaviaAndrea, CentorrinoFranca, JacksonJohn W, FitzmauriceGarrett, ValeriLinda

Schizophrenia symptom improvement
Excessive weight gain

Second-generation antipsychotics are associated with moderate benefits in terms of improved schizophrenia symptoms, but also with higher rates of side-effects such as excessive weight gain (WG). This study investigated the role of WG in explaining the effects of second-generation drugs on schizophrenia symptoms. Results showed that, by limiting WG, patients would benefit of a considerably better improvement in terms of PANSS symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Reduction in Multiple Cardiometabolic Risk Factors With Combined Olanzapine/Samidorphan Compared With Olanzapine: Post Hoc Analyses From a 24-Week Phase 3 Study.

Author: CorrellChristoph U, SteinEvan, GrahamChristine, DiPetrilloLauren, AkermanSarah, StanfordArielle D, JiangYing, YagodaSergey, McDonnellDavid, HopkinsonCraig

Cardiometabolic risk reduction
Weight gain mitigation

This study investigated whether combining olanzapine with samidorphan, an opioid receptor antagonist, reduced the cardiometabolic side effects associated with olanzapine.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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