Effective treatment of penis disorders: A Synthesis of Findings from 81 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. 74 It can cause problems with walking and balance, which can significantly affect a person's quality of life. 79 These symptoms are often difficult to control with currently available treatments. 44 Some studies have suggested that spinal cord stimulation may be effective in treating walking and balance problems in Parkinson's disease. 79 Other studies have shown that medications such as levodopa and dopamine agonists can help improve Parkinson's disease symptoms. 5 , 34 , 14 , 73 , 46 , 8 These medications work by increasing dopamine levels. 74 However, these medications can have side effects such as nausea and hallucinations. 48 Additionally, these medications can become less effective over time with long-term use. 14 Some studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) can effectively improve Parkinson's disease symptoms. 18 , 37 , 12 DBS is a treatment that involves implanting electrodes in specific areas of the brain and delivering electrical stimulation. 12 DBS may be an effective treatment option for patients who no longer respond to medication or are experiencing medication side effects. 18 However, DBS requires surgery, making it unsuitable for all patients. 18

Treatment Summary

There are a variety of treatments for Parkinson's disease, including medication, surgery, and rehabilitation therapy. 33 Medications include levodopa and dopamine agonists. 74 Surgery includes deep brain stimulation (DBS). 12 Rehabilitation therapy includes exercise and physical therapy. 9 These treatments are chosen based on the patient's symptoms and condition. 33

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Treatments for Parkinson's disease can help improve symptoms and quality of life. 33 73 For example, levodopa is effective in improving motor symptoms. 74 DBS can be a viable treatment option for patients who no longer respond to medication or are experiencing medication side effects. 18 Rehabilitation therapy helps improve bodily function and quality of life. 9

Risks Summary

Treatments for Parkinson's disease can have side effects and risks. 33 73 For example, levodopa can cause side effects such as nausea and hallucinations. 48 DBS requires surgery and carries risks such as infection and bleeding. 18

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Many studies have shown that treatments for Parkinson's disease can help improve symptoms and quality of life. 33 73 18 9 However, these treatments can also have side effects and risks. 33 73 18

Differences of Studies

The effectiveness and side effects can vary depending on the study. 33 73 18 9 For example, levodopa may be effective for some patients but not others. 74 DBS is effective in improving motor symptoms but may worsen cognitive function. 37

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Many studies have shown that treatments for Parkinson's disease can help improve symptoms and quality of life. 33 73 18 9 However, these treatments can also have side effects and risks. 33 73 18 Some studies have shown that DBS may worsen cognitive function. 37 These contradictions need to be addressed through further research. 37

Practical Application Considerations

Treatments for Parkinson's disease should be chosen based on the patient's symptoms and condition. 33 73 18 9 Side effects and risks also need to be considered. 33 73 18 It's essential to consult a specialist for Parkinson's disease treatment. 33 73

Limitations of Current Research

Research on treatments for Parkinson's disease is still limited. 33 73 18 9 In particular, research on DBS is still limited. 37 Also, because treatments for Parkinson's disease can have varying effects depending on the individual patient, further research is required. 33 73

Future Research Directions

Research on treatments for Parkinson's disease should focus on reducing side effects and risks while increasing effectiveness. 33 73 18 9 Developing optimal treatments tailored to each patient's condition and symptoms is crucial. 33 73

Conclusion

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no current cure. 33 73 However, progress in treatment development holds promise for symptom improvement and enhanced quality of life. 33 73 If diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, it is crucial to seek appropriate treatment under the guidance of a specialist. 33 73

Treatment List

Treatments for Parkinson's disease include the following:

  • Medication
  • Levodopa
  • Dopamine agonists
  • Surgery
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
  • Rehabilitation therapy
  • Exercise therapy
  • Physical therapy
Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Parkinson's disease treatment
1
Parkinson's disease treatment
2
Parkinson's disease treatment
3
Disability improvement
5
Improved quality of life
Reduced dyskinesia
6
Improved cognitive function
7
Effective treatment of Parkinson's disease
Reduced dyskinesias
8
Maximized functional ability
Minimized complications
9
Parkinson's disease treatment
10
Improved understanding of Parkinson's disease
11
Gait improvement
Parkinson's disease treatment
12
Improved Parkinson's disease quality of life
Reduced motor symptoms
13
Longer time to dyskinesia
Reduced dyskinesia
Reduced wearing off
14
PDD treatment
15
Improved Parkinson's disease treatment
17
Improved PD symptoms
18
PD treatment
19
Depression treatment
20
PD treatment
21
dPD treatment
22
PD treatment
23
Parkinson's disease treatment
24
Parkinson's disease treatment
25
Improved PD gait treatment
26
Treatment of Parkinson's disease
27
Treatment of Parkinson's disease
28
Treatment of PDD and DLB
29
Improved UPDRS scores
30
Depression treatment in PD
31
Depression and anxiety treatment in PD
32
Parkinson's disease treatment
33
Parkinson's disease treatment
34
PD quality of life
35
SVS PD balance
SVS PD motor symptom
36
Improved motor function
37
Depressive symptoms
PD treatment
38
Improved depression
39
PD treatment
40
Treatments for Parkinson's disease
41
Rotigotine effective
43
Gait improvement
Reduced freezing
44
Improved PD symptoms
45
Nocturnal symptom improvement
46
Improved OFF time
Reduced dyskinesia
47
Improved treatment comparison
48
Dopamine agonists
PD treatment
Rehabilitation
49
Levodopa with dopa decarboxylase inhibitor
PD treatment
Peripheral COMT inhibition
50
Improved neuropsychiatric symptoms
Improved quality of life
51
LD and CD
PD treatment
52
Stem cell therapy
53
Atypical parkinsonian syndromes treatment
54
Improved PD treatment
56
Cognitive training
57
Improved chewing
Improved hygiene
Improved jaw opening
58
Affective improvement
Cognitive improvement
Motor function improvement
59
Improved medication adherence
60
PDP
pimavanserin
61
PD treatment
62
Dopamine agonist
Safe in advPD
63
PD treatment
64
PD treatment
65
PD treatment
66
PD treatment
67
Depression relief
Motor dysfunction improvement
Well tolerated
68
PD treatment
69
PD motor symptom reduction
Sensorimotor training
70
PD treatment
71
Parkinson's disease treatment
72
Safinamide and pimavanserin for PD
73
Pramipexole and ropinirole for Parkinson's disease
74
SMR for PD
75
Improved daily living
Improved motor function
76
Improved motor symptoms
Reduced motor fluctuations
77
Dyskinesia reduction (ropinirole)
On-off fluctuation reduction (pramipexole)
UPDRS improvement (levodopa)
Wearing-off reduction (pramipexole)
78
Improved balance
Improved gait
79
PD rehabilitation
80
PD treatment
81
Risk Keywords
Dementia
1
Lack of empirical data
4
Dyskinesias
Motor oscillations
5
Adverse events
6
Incomplete benefit
7
Unclear what form of physiotherapy is most effective
9
Serious adverse events
13
Increased mortality
16
Parkinson's disease
17
Adverse events
18
Adverse events
30
SVS PD nausea
36
Cognitive decline
37
None mentioned
39
Nausea
Pruritus
Vomiting
43
Parkinson's disease
45
Constipation
Decreased appetite
Dry mouth
Falls
Insomnia
Nausea
Orthostatic hypotension
Visual hallucinations
47
DRT side effects
49
Motor complications
52
Inconclusive evidence
53
No disease-modifying effect
55
Parkinson's disease
57
Hypotension
Mild to severe events
63
High cost
64
Levodopa limitations
73
Adverse events (bromocriptine)
Withdrawal (bromocriptine)
78
Hospitalization
81
Literature analysis of 81 papers
Positive Content
75
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
3
Article Type
44
18
25
16
76
1.

The evolution of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: neuropsychological and clinical evidence in support of subtypes.

Author: ReidW G

Parkinson's disease treatment
Dementia

A study of 107 patients with Parkinson's disease found that the age at which symptoms begin significantly affects the risk and type of cognitive decline. Patients who developed Parkinson's disease at a younger age (under 70) had a lower initial rate of dementia (8%) compared to those who developed the disease later (over 70) (32%). After 3 years of follow-up, dementia prevalence increased to 17% in the younger group and 83% in the older group. This suggests that Parkinson's disease may have two distinct subtypes with different clinical and cognitive features.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Different effects of dopaminergic and anticholinergic therapies on cognitive and motor function in Parkinson's disease. A follow-up study of untreated patients.

Author: CooperJ A, SagarH J, DohertyS M, JordanN, TidswellP, SullivanE V

Parkinson's disease treatment

A study of 82 newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients found that anticholinergic drugs impaired immediate information processing, while dopaminergic therapy improved working memory and cognitive sequencing. These findings suggest that cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is multifactorial, involving both dopaminergic and cholinergic subcortico-frontal systems, and likely also early neuronal dysfunction in the cerebral cortex.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Patient benefits of l-dopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in elderly patients.

Author: AdmaniA K, VermaS, CordingleyG J, HarrisR I

Parkinson's disease treatment

A study of 60 patients with Parkinson's disease compared the effectiveness of benserazide/l-dopa to carbidopa/l-dopa. Both treatments effectively improved Parkinson's symptoms, but benserazide/l-dopa showed greater improvement in individual symptoms and activities of daily living, although these differences were not statistically significant. Both treatments were well-tolerated, with few side effects. The study suggests that benserazide/l-dopa may offer a potential advantage for some patients with Parkinson's disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.

Author: KlaassenT, VerheyF R, SneijdersG H, RozendaalN, de VetH C, van PraagH M

Lack of empirical data

A meta-analysis of 12 controlled studies on treating depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) found limited evidence due to methodological limitations. Further research is needed to understand and treat depression in PD effectively.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

5.

Comparisons of therapeutic effects of levodopa, levodopa and selegiline, and bromocriptine in patients with early, mild Parkinson's disease: three year interim report. Parkinson's Disease Research Group in the United Kingdom.

Author:

Disability improvement
Dyskinesias
Motor oscillations

Levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor alone and in combination with selegiline were more effective than bromocriptine in treating early Parkinson's disease, with fewer early adverse reactions.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa.

Author: RascolO, BrooksD J, KorczynA D, De DeynP P, ClarkeC E, LangA E

Improved quality of life
Reduced dyskinesia
Adverse events

Ropinirole alone is effective for managing early Parkinson's disease for up to five years with a reduced risk of dyskinesia compared to levodopa.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Chronic effects of dopaminergic replacement on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: a two-year follow-up study of previously untreated patients.

Author: KulisevskyJ, García-SánchezC, BerthierM L, BarbanojM, Pascual-SedanoB, GironellA, Estévez-GonzálezA

Improved cognitive function
Incomplete benefit

Both levodopa and pergolide treatments were associated with a long-lasting improvement in motor scores and cognitive tasks. However, the improvement in cognitive tasks was not sustained at 24 months, suggesting that dopaminergic replacement is not enough to compensate for all cognitive deficits.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

[1st long-term double-blind study of effectiveness and dyskinesia prevention of ropinirol].

Author: ReichmannH, LachenmayerL

Effective treatment of Parkinson's disease
Reduced dyskinesias

This study recommends using dopamine agonists early in Parkinson's disease treatment, particularly for younger and middle-aged patients with idiopathic Parkinson's syndrome. A 5-year study comparing L-dopa with ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, found that ropinirole was as effective as L-dopa but with a significantly lower risk of dyskinesias (5% vs. 36%). This suggests that dopamine agonists may be a better long-term option, especially for patients who might experience dyskinesias sooner with L-dopa.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

9.

A comparison of physiotherapy techniques for patients with Parkinson's disease.

Author: DeaneK H, JonesD, Ellis-HillC, ClarkeC E, PlayfordE D, Ben-ShlomoY

Maximized functional ability
Minimized complications
Unclear what form of physiotherapy is most effective

While treatments for Parkinson's disease have improved, people with the condition still experience progressive disability. Physical therapists play an important role in helping people with Parkinson's maintain function and prevent complications through movement training, education, and support. The most effective type of physical therapy for Parkinson's disease is still under investigation.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Treatment interventions for Parkinson's disease: an evidence based assessment.

Author: RascolOlivier, GoetzChristopher, KollerWilliam, PoeweWerner, SampaioCristina

Parkinson's disease treatment

This systematic review examined the effectiveness and safety of various treatments for Parkinson's disease, including medications, surgery, and physical therapies, for different aspects of the condition, such as preventing disease progression, managing motor symptoms and complications, and treating non-motor symptoms. The review aimed to provide doctors with a better understanding of available research evidence, primarily from randomized controlled trials, to support their treatment decisions for individual patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: overview and impact on gait and mobility.

Author: PiperMelinda, AbramsGary M, MarksWilliam J

Gait improvement
Parkinson's disease treatment

The study discussed gait abnormalities in Parkinson's disease, highlighting the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation and rehabilitation training in improving gait.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.

Author: DeuschlGünther, Schade-BrittingerCarmen, KrackPaul, VolkmannJens, SchäferHelmut, BötzelKai, DanielsChristine, DeutschländerAngela, DillmannUlrich, EisnerWilhelm, GruberDoreen, HamelWolfgang, HerzogJan, HilkerRüdiger, KlebeStephan, KlossManja, KoyJan, KrauseMartin, KupschAndreas, LorenzDelia, LorenzlStefan, MehdornH Maximilian, MoringlaneJean Richard, OertelWolfgang, PinskerMarcus O, ReichmannHeinz, ReussAlexander, SchneiderGerd-Helge, SchnitzlerAlfons, SteudeUlrich, SturmVolker, TimmermannLars, TronnierVolker, TrottenbergThomas, WojteckiLars, WolfElisabeth, PoeweWerner, VogesJürgen,

Improved Parkinson's disease quality of life
Reduced motor symptoms
Serious adverse events

Neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus was more effective than medical management alone in patients with severe motor complications of Parkinson's disease. However, serious adverse events, including a fatal intracerebral hemorrhage, were more common with neurostimulation.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Ten-year follow-up of Parkinson's disease patients randomized to initial therapy with ropinirole or levodopa.

Author: HauserRobert A, RascolOlivier, KorczynAmos D, Jon StoesslA, WattsRay L, PoeweWerner, De DeynPeter P, LangAnthony E

Longer time to dyskinesia
Reduced dyskinesia
Reduced wearing off

The study compared subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) who were randomized to initial treatment with ropinirole and levodopa, finding that the ropinirole group had a significantly lower incidence of dyskinesia and longer time to dyskinesia.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Effects of rivastigmine on tremor and other motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia: a retrospective analysis of a double-blind trial and an open-label extension.

Author: OertelWolfgang, PoeweWerner, WoltersErik, De DeynPeter Paul, EmreMurat, KirschCourtney, HsuChuanchieh, TekinSibel, LaneRoger

PDD treatment

The potential effects of rivastigmine on tremor and other motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) were examined.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Fourteen-year final report of the randomized PDRG-UK trial comparing three initial treatments in PD.

Author: KatzenschlagerR, HeadJ, SchragA, Ben-ShlomoY, EvansA, LeesA J,

Increased mortality

A 10-year follow-up of a study on early Parkinson's disease (PD) found no long-term benefits to starting treatment with bromocriptine compared to L-dopa. Treatment with selegiline in combination with L-dopa was stopped after 6 years due to increased death rates in that group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Systematic review of apomorphine infusion, levodopa infusion and deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease.

Author: ClarkeCarl E, WorthPaul, GrossetDonald, StewartDavid

Improved PD symptoms
Adverse events

While oral levodopa is used for Parkinson's disease, its short duration of action leads to fluctuating symptoms and movement problems. Other treatments aim to provide a more consistent effect, but some patients with advanced disease don't respond. This review examined the effectiveness of three treatments for advanced Parkinson's disease: levodopa infusions, intraduodenal levodopa, and deep brain stimulation (DBS). All three treatments showed benefits in reducing symptoms and improving daily living activities compared to standard medication. However, information on side effects was limited, and there is a need for more research comparing these treatments directly. For now, treatment decisions are based on clinical judgment and patient preference.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

[Effects of Bushen Huoxue Granule on motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial].

Author: YangMing-hui, LiMin, DouYong-qi, LiuYi, LuoXiao-dong, ChenJian-zong, ShiHeng-jun

PD treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) causes tremors, stiffness, slow movements, and other symptoms. While there is no cure for PD, treatments can improve symptoms. Involuntary movements (dyskinesias) can significantly impact quality of life for people with PD. Treatments that focus on strengthening the kidneys and improving blood circulation have been shown to be effective.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : Chinese

20.

Pramipexole for the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Author: BaronePaolo, PoeweWerner, AlbrechtStefan, DebieuvreCatherine, MasseyDan, RascolOlivier, TolosaEduardo, WeintraubDaniel

Depression treatment

Depression is common in people with Parkinson's disease, but there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of antidepressants in this population. Because depression in Parkinson's disease might be related to problems with dopamine, this study investigated whether the medication pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, could treat depressive symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of adjuvant treatment to levodopa therapy in Parkinson s disease patients with motor complications.

Author: StoweRebecca, IvesNatalie, ClarkeCarl E, DeaneKatherine, , WheatleyKeith, GrayRichard, HandleyKelly, FurmstonAlex

PD treatment

A common problem for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who take levodopa long-term is the development of movement problems. When this happens, doctors often add another medication to the levodopa, usually from one of three groups of Parkinson's medications (dopamine agonists, catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, or monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors). While these medications have shown benefit compared to placebo, the best way to treat these movement problems and whether one type of medication is better than another is still unclear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

Depression in Parkinson's disease: symptom improvement and residual symptoms after acute pharmacologic management.

Author: DobkinRoseanne DeFronzo, MenzaMatthew, BienfaitKarina L, GaraMichael, MarinHumberto, MarkMargery H, DickeAllison, FriedmanJill

dPD treatment

This study examines depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), a common and debilitating problem. The study describes the typical symptoms of depression in people with PD, which symptoms improve with medication (nortriptyline and paroxetine), and which symptoms remain after successful treatment. The study aims to better understand the specific effects of medication and the complexities of depression in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

23.

Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Author: BenningerDavid H, LomarevMikhail, LopezGrisel, WassermannEric M, LiXiaobai, ConsidineElaine, HallettMark

PD treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) gets worse over time, with movement problems that become less responsive to medication. While deep brain stimulation can be effective, it carries risks and isn't suitable for everyone. This study highlights the potential of non-invasive brain stimulation as a less risky alternative treatment for PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy and safety of adjuvant treatment to levodopa in later Parkinson's disease.

Author: StoweRebecca, IvesNatalie, ClarkeCarl E, HandleyKelly, FurmstonAlexandra, DeaneKatherine, van HiltenJ J, WheatleyKeith, GrayRichard

Parkinson's disease treatment

Levodopa effectively manages Parkinson's disease symptoms initially, but long-term use often leads to movement problems. Other medications, such as dopamine agonists, catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, are added to levodopa treatment. This meta-analysis compares the effectiveness and risks of these additional medications in people with Parkinson's disease who have developed movement problems.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

25.

Should treatment for Parkinson's disease start immediately on diagnosis or delayed until functional disability develops?

Author: ClarkeCarl E, PatelSmitaa, IvesNatalie, RickCaroline, WheatleyKeith, GrayRichard

Parkinson's disease treatment

Studies on Parkinson's disease treatments suggest that starting treatment immediately after diagnosis may be beneficial for patients, rather than waiting until symptoms worsen, which is the traditional approach. These findings come from clinical trials of several medications including monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors and levodopa.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

Combined STN/SNr-DBS for the treatment of refractory gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author: WeissDaniel, WächterTobias, MeisnerChristoph, FritzMelanie, GharabaghiAlireza, PlewniaChristian, BreitSorin, KrügerRejko

Improved PD gait treatment

This study addresses the challenges of treating severe gait disturbances in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in advanced stages. It explores the potential of stimulating the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) as a novel therapeutic target for managing gait disturbances.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

Anti-hypertensive drugs as disease-modifying agents for Parkinson's disease: evidence from observational studies and clinical trials.

Author: ReesKaren, StoweRebecca, PatelSmitaa, IvesNatalie, BreenKieran, Ben-ShlomoYoav, ClarkeCarl E

Treatment of Parkinson's disease

While current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) focus on managing symptoms, there is no widely accepted treatment to stop or slow the progression of the disease. Preclinical studies have identified potential neuroprotective or disease-modifying agents, including some anti-hypertension medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

28.

The role of dopamine replacement on the behavioural phenotype of Parkinson's disease.

Author: AlobaidiHajar, PallHardev

Treatment of Parkinson's disease

Treating Parkinson's disease (PD) involves balancing the effectiveness of medications in controlling movement symptoms with the potential side effects. This study reviews the evidence for using dopamine agonists alone as an alternative to Levodopa in treating PD movement problems, and explores the use of dopamine antagonists for treating psychosis associated with PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

30.

Inhaled apomorphine in patients with 'on-off' fluctuations: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinic and home based, parallel-group study.

Author: GrossetKatherine A, MalekNaveed, MorganFrazer, GrossetDonald G

Improved UPDRS scores
Adverse events

Inhaled apomorphine significantly improved UPDRS 3 scores and aborted a greater proportion of 'off' periods in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to placebo, but it did not significantly reduce daily 'off' time.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

31.

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants in Parkinson's disease: a network meta-analysis.

Author: LiuJinling, DongJiangchuan, WangLei, SuYing, YanPeng, SunShenggang

Depression treatment in PD

Depression is a common problem for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). While various antidepressants are used, including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and dopamine agonists, research hasn't consistently shown which type is best as a first-line treatment for depression in PD.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

32.

A meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled treatment trials for depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease.

Author: TroeungLakkhina, EganSarah J, GassonNatalie

Depression and anxiety treatment in PD

Medications are the usual first-line treatment for depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease (PD), but their effectiveness is unclear. Other potential treatments include medications that increase dopamine levels in the brain, magnetic stimulation of the brain, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

33.

Parkinson's disease: recent advances.

Author: KatzenschlagerRegina

Parkinson's disease treatment

While there's no cure for Parkinson's disease, there has been progress in understanding the disease and its early stages. While no medication has been found to slow the disease, treatments for symptoms have improved. These include advanced options like deep brain stimulation and continuous medication delivery. Treatment research now also focuses on non-motor symptoms and non-medication approaches.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

34.

Long-term effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors compared with levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD MED): a large, open-label, pragmatic randomised trial.

Author: , GrayRichard, IvesNatalie, RickCaroline, PatelSmitaa, GrayAlastair, JenkinsonCrispin, McIntoshEmma, WheatleyKeith, WilliamsAdrian, ClarkeCarl E

Parkinson's disease treatment

The best initial treatment for Parkinson's disease, whether Levodopa, dopamine agonists, or monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors (MAOBI), is still unknown. This study aims to determine which of these medications provides the most effective long-term symptom control and best quality of life for people with early Parkinson's disease.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Pragmatic Clinical TrialA trial conducted in a real-world clinical setting. It evaluates the effectiveness of interventions in everyday healthcare environments.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

35.

Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease: an exploratory double-blind trial.

Author: ChagasMarcos Hortes N, ZuardiAntonio W, TumasVitor, Pena-PereiraMárcio Alexandre, SobreiraEmmanuelle T, BergamaschiMateus M, dos SantosAntonio Carlos, TeixeiraAntonio Lucio, HallakJaime E C, CrippaJosé Alexandre S

PD quality of life

A study of 21 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) found that cannabidiol (CBD) may improve quality of life measures in PD patients with no psychiatric comorbidities. However, further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm this finding.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

36.

Effects of Stochastic Vestibular Galvanic Stimulation and LDOPA on Balance and Motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Author: SamoudiGhazaleh, JivegårdMaria, MulavaraAjitkumar P, BergquistFilip

SVS PD balance
SVS PD motor symptom
SVS PD nausea

This study found that short-term use of stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) is safe and improves corrective postural responses in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). SVS may also have a small positive effect on motor symptoms in PD patients off treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

37.

Neuropsychological effects of deep brain stimulation in subjects with early stage Parkinson's disease in a randomized clinical trial.

Author: TramontanaMichael G, MolinariAnna L, KonradPeter E, DavisThomas L, WylieScott A, NeimatJoseph S, MayAlexandra T, PhibbsFenna T, HederaPeter, GillChandler E, SalomonRonald M, WangLily, SongYanna, CharlesDavid

Improved motor function
Cognitive decline

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in early stage Parkinson's disease (PD) showed modest reductions in attention, executive function, and word fluency at 12 months, but these differences were largely diminished at 24 months. Two serious adverse events, a stroke and infected hardware, were reported in the DBS group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

38.

A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effects of rasagiline on depressive symptoms in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients.

Author: BaroneP, SantangeloG, MorganteL, OnofrjM, MecoG, AbbruzzeseG, BonuccelliU, CossuG, PezzoliG, StanzioneP, LopianoL, AntoniniA, TinazziM

Depressive symptoms
PD treatment

Rasagiline did not have significant effects on depressive symptoms or cognition in PD patients with moderate depressive symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

39.

Antidepressive treatments for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Bomasang-LaynoEmily, FadlonIris, MurrayAndrea N, HimelhochSeth

Improved depression
None mentioned

Antidepressant medications, specifically the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and behavioral interventions (CBT) significantly improved depression among Parkinson's disease patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

40.

[Prevalence of antiparkinsonian treatment complications: a systematic review and estimation of projections].

Author: Fernández-SanchisDaniel, Frutos Pérez-SurioAlberto Frutos, López del ValLuis J

PD treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) causes complications not only from the disease itself, but also from the medications used to treat it. Side effects of PD medications are common, and managing these side effects can be complex. This research aims to understand the impact of these side effects on people with Parkinson's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : Spanish

41.

Study protocol of "CHAPS": a randomized controlled trial protocol of Care Coordination for Health Promotion and Activities in Parkinson's Disease to improve the quality of care for individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Author: ConnorKaren, ChengEric, SiebensHilary C, LeeMartin L, MittmanBrian S, GanzDavid A, VickreyBarbara

Treatments for Parkinson's disease

This research examines the quality of care delivered to patients with Parkinson's disease, highlighting gaps in providing evidence-based treatments for non-motor symptoms. The study emphasizes the need to improve the delivery of care to address the full spectrum of impairments associated with Parkinson's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

42.

Trajectories of recovery in depressed Parkinson's disease patients treated with paroxetine or venlafaxine.

Author: BroenM P G, LeentjensA F G, KöhlerS, KuijfM L, McDonaldW M, RichardI H

This study investigated the domain-specific magnitude and timing of treatment response in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), focusing on affective, somatic, and cognitive symptoms. Additionally, it explored the timing of the placebo response in antidepressant trials involving patients with PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

43.

Evaluation of rotigotine transdermal patch for the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Author: ChungSun Ju, AsgharnejadMahnaz, BauerLars, RamirezFrancisco, JeonBeomseok

Rotigotine effective
Nausea
Pruritus
Vomiting

Rotigotine did not significantly improve depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Clinical Trial, Phase IVPost-marketing surveillance. Monitors long-term safety/efficacy after approval.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

44.

Long-term double-blinded unilateral pedunculopontine area stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Author: MestreTiago A, SidiropoulosChristos, HamaniClement, PoonYu-Yan, LozanoAndres M, LangAnthony E, MoroElena

Gait improvement
Reduced freezing

Stimulation of the pedunculopontine area can help reduce gait and balance problems in Parkinson’s disease. While this stimulation can provide an initial benefit, the benefit does not last long-term.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

45.

Comparison for Efficacy and Tolerability among Ten Drugs for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Author: ZhuoChuanjun, ZhuXiaodong, JiangRonghuan, JiFeng, SuZhonghua, XueRong, ZhouYuying

Improved PD symptoms
Parkinson's disease

This systematic review and network meta-analysis assessed the relative efficacy of different medications used for Parkinson's disease (PD), considering their effects on Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scales (UPDRS) and tolerability.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

46.

Rotigotine for nocturnal hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease: Quantitative analysis of efficacy from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial using an axial inertial sensor.

Author: BhidayasiriRoongroj, SringeanJirada, ChaiwongSuchapit, AnanChanawat, PenkeawNuntiwat, LeaknokAmarinee, BoonpangKamolwan, SaksornchaiKarn, RattanachaisitWatchara, ThanawattanoChusak, JagotaPriya

Nocturnal symptom improvement

Rotigotine patches significantly improve nocturnal symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease, as assessed using objective measures and clinical rating scales.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

47.

Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ADS-5102 (amantadine) extended-release capsules for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (EASE LID 3).

Author: OertelWolfgang, EggertKarla, PahwaRajesh, TannerCaroline M, HauserRobert A, TrenkwalderClaudia, EhretReinhard, AzulayJean Philippe, IsaacsonStuart, FeltLarissa, StempienMary Jean

Improved OFF time
Reduced dyskinesia
Constipation
Decreased appetite
Dry mouth
Falls
Insomnia
Nausea
Orthostatic hypotension
Visual hallucinations

ADS-5102 274 mg significantly decreased levodopa-induced dyskinesia and improved OFF time in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

48.

Adverse effects produced by different drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A mixed treatment comparison.

Author: LiBao-Dong, BiZhen-Yun, LiuJing-Feng, SiWei-Jun, ShiQian-Qian, XueLi-Peng, BaiJing

Improved treatment comparison

This mixed treatment comparison assessed the adverse effects of eleven drugs for Parkinson's disease (PD): ropinirole, rasagiline, rotigotine, entacapone, apomorphine, pramipexole, sumanirole, bromocriptine, piribedil, pergolide, and levodopa.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

49.

Effectiveness of Rotigotine plus intensive and goal-based rehabilitation versus Rotigotine alone in "de-novo" Parkinsonian subjects: a randomized controlled trial with 18-month follow-up.

Author: FerrazzoliD, OrtelliP, RiboldazziG, MaestriR, FrazzittaG

Dopamine agonists
PD treatment
Rehabilitation
DRT side effects

Dopamine replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but some symptoms don't improve and long-term use can cause side effects. Dopamine agonists are often used for people newly diagnosed with PD. Several studies have shown that rehabilitation can be helpful for PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

51.

Rotigotine transdermal patch for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Author: WangHao-Tian, WangLi, HeYi, YuGang

Improved neuropsychiatric symptoms
Improved quality of life

Rotigotine transdermal patch effectively improved neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Significant improvements were observed in scores for the emotion/apathy, sleep/fatigue, and quality of life domains.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

52.

A Transitional Probability Model for Parkinson's Disease Motor States With Applications to Missing Data.

Author: DinhPhillip

LD and CD
PD treatment
Motor complications

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that causes significant disability. Levodopa (LD) with carbidopa (CD) is the standard treatment, but long-term use often leads to movement problems. These problems include "on-off" cycles, where people experience periods of good movement followed by poor movement, and dyskinesia, which involves involuntary movements.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

53.

Is treatment with stem cells effective in Parkinson's disease?

Author: RoccoMatías, JuriCarlos

Stem cell therapy
Inconclusive evidence

The current evidence on the effectiveness of stem cell treatment for Parkinson's disease symptoms is very low, meaning it is unclear whether stem cells have any effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Spanish

54.

Available and future treatments for atypical parkinsonism. A systematic review.

Author: MorettiDavide Vito

Atypical parkinsonian syndromes treatment

Treatment for atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), cortico-basal degeneration (CBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD), remains very challenging. This review summarizes the most influential research on treatment options for these conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

55.

Randomized Delayed-Start Trial of Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease.

Author: VerschuurConstant V M, SuwijnSven R, BoelJudith A, PostBart, BloemBas R, van HiltenJohannes J, van LaarTeus, TissinghGerrit, MuntsAlexander G, DeuschlGuenther, LangAnthony E, DijkgraafMarcel G W, de HaanRob J, de BieRob M A,

No disease-modifying effect

This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 445 patients with early Parkinson's disease evaluated the disease-modifying effect of levodopa. The study found no significant difference between early-start and delayed-start groups in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score at week 80, suggesting that levodopa does not have a disease-modifying effect. Further research is needed to determine the optimal timing for initiating levodopa treatment.

Equivalence TrialA clinical trial designed to show that a new treatment is equivalent in efficacy/safety to an existing treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

56.

Systematic review of the pharmacoeconomics of Parkinson disease medications.

Author: WangAlexander S, GunzlerSteven A

Improved PD treatment

This review examined the pharmacoeconomic literature on Parkinson's disease (PD) treatments, highlighting the scarcity of research and the need for more studies to understand the cost-effectiveness of various therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

57.

A computer-based cognitive training in Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease.

Author: BerniniSara, AlloniAnna, PanzarasaSilvia, PicasciaMarta, QuagliniSilvana, TassorelliCristina, SinforianiElena

Cognitive training
Parkinson's disease

Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment who received cognitive training showed a medium/large effect size improvement in cognitive function, compared to those who did not.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

58.

Improvement of oral function and hygiene in Parkinson's disease: A randomised controlled clinical trial.

Author: BaramSara, KarlsborgMerete, BakkeMerete

Improved chewing
Improved hygiene
Improved jaw opening

This study found that simple measures, such as dental hygiene instruction, jaw opening training, and lip and chewing exercises, had a substantial and significant clinical effect on patients with Parkinson's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

59.

[Impact of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation on the dynamics of motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease].

Author: KashezhevA G, SinkinM V, KulikovA G, LevinO S

Affective improvement
Cognitive improvement
Motor function improvement

This study found that rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation can be considered as an additional treatment for Parkinson's disease. Patients who had undergone a cycle of magnetic stimulation showed a significant improvement in motor functions. No significant side effects were noted during and after stimulation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Russian

60.

Content and impact of pharmacy services for patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: YiZhan-Miao, LiTing-Ting, TangQi-Yu, ZhangYuan, WillisSarah, ZhaiSuo-Di

Improved medication adherence

Pharmacist interventions for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients commonly focused on adverse drug reactions (ADRs), adherence assessment, medication review, and identification of drug interactions. While these interventions may improve adherence, they did not show a significant impact on quality of life.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

61.

Blinded SAPS-PD Assessment After 10 Weeks of Pimavanserin Treatment for Parkinson's Disease Psychosis.

Author: IsaacsonStuart H, CoateBruce, NortonJames, StankovicSrdjan

PDP
pimavanserin

This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of pimavanserin in an open-label extension (OLE) study for Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). The beneficial effects of pimavanserin observed in a previous 6-week core study were maintained for 4 weeks in the blinded OLE, supporting the durability of response with pimavanserin for PDP.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

62.

Fixed-dose combination therapy for Parkinson's disease with a spotlight on entacapone in the past 20 years: a reduced pill burden and a simplified dosing regime.

Author: SalamonAndrás, ZádoriDénes, SzpisjakLászló, KlivényiPéter, VécseiLászló

PD treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive brain disorder that affects movement. While there is no cure, levodopa (LD) is a common treatment. As the disease progresses, people may need additional medications, such as entacapone (ENT), to manage symptoms. Studies suggest that combining LD and ENT can improve quality of life for people with PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

63.

The D1/D5 Dopamine Partial Agonist PF-06412562 in Advanced-Stage Parkinson's Disease: A Feasibility Study.

Author: HuangXuemei, LewisMechelle M, Van ScoyLauren Jodi, De JesusSol, EslingerPaul J, ArnoldAmy C, MillerAmanda J, Fernandez-MendozaJulio, SnyderBethany, HarringtonWilliam, KongLan, WangXi, SunDongxiao, DelnomdedieuMarielle, DuvvuriSridhar, MahoneySusan E, GrayDavid L, MailmanRichard B

Dopamine agonist
Safe in advPD
Hypotension
Mild to severe events

A two-week, randomized, double-blind, crossover phase Ib study was conducted to determine the feasibility and safety of the selective D1/D5 dopamine partial agonist PF 06412562 in patients with advanced-to-end-stage Parkinson's disease (advPD). Six patients were randomized to receive either standard-of-care (SoC) carbidopa/levodopa or PF 06412562. The study found that PF 06412562 was tolerated in advPD patients and provides feasibility for future safety and efficacy studies in this population with unmet needs.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

64.

Cost-Effectiveness of Device-Aided Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Structured Review.

Author: SmilowskaKatarzyna, van WamelenDaniel J, PietrzykowskiTomasz, CalvanoAlexander, Rodriguez-BlazquezCarmen, Martinez-MartinPablo, OdinPer, ChaudhuriK Ray

PD treatment
High cost

Many people with moderate to advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) experience worsening symptoms even with medication. Alternative treatments like deep brain stimulation (DBS), continuous infusion of medication into the intestines (IJLI), and a continuous infusion of medication under the skin (CSAI) can help, but they are expensive and not always accessible.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

66.

Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment.

Author: DobkinRoseanne D, MannSarah L, WeintraubDaniel, RodriguezKailyn M, MillerRachael B, St HillLauren, KingArlene, GaraMichael A, InterianAlejandro

PD treatment

Depression is common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), but many people don't get treatment, leaving up to 60% with significant symptoms untreated. One major obstacle is limited access to specialized mental healthcare for people with Parkinson's.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

67.

Efficacy of dance for Parkinson's disease: a pooled analysis of 372 patients.

Author: HasanSara Mohamed, AlshafieSomia, HasaboElfatih A, SalehMa'moun, ElnaiemWalaa, QasemAya, Alzu'biYazan O, KhaledAsmaa, ZaazoueeMohamed Sayed, RagabKhaled Mohamed, NoureldenAnas Zakarya, DoheimMohamed Fahmy

PD treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a brain disorder that causes movement problems, as well as thinking and mood changes. Along with medication, dance therapy or other complex movements may be beneficial for people with PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

68.

The role of pramipexole in the treatment of patients with depression and Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: JiangDe-Qi, JiangLi-Lin, WangYan, LiMing-Xing

Depression relief
Motor dysfunction improvement
Well tolerated

This systematic review found that pramipexole therapy was effective in alleviating depressive symptoms and motor dysfunction in patients with depression and Parkinson's disease (dPD). It was associated with no additional side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

69.

Improvements in clinical signs of Parkinson's disease using photobiomodulation: a prospective proof-of-concept study.

Author: LiebertAnn, BicknellBrian, LaaksoE-Liisa, HellerGillian, JalilitabaeiParastoo, TilleySharon, MitrofanisJohn, KiatHosen

PD treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a growing health concern due to aging populations and the lack of a cure. While current treatments are limited, studies in animals suggest that photobiomodulation (PBM), a therapy that uses light to stimulate cells, may help reduce PD symptoms and protect brain cells.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

70.

Effect of Exercise on Motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta-analysis.

Author: Álvarez-BuenoCelia, DeeksJonathan J, Cavero-RedondoIván, JollyKate, Torres-CostosoAna I, PriceMalcolm, Fernandez-RodriguezRubén, Martínez-VizcaínoVicente

PD motor symptom reduction
Sensorimotor training

This systematic review evaluated the effects of exercise interventions for motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Sensorimotor training including endurance, resistance, and dance were the most effective interventions for mitigating motor symptoms.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

71.

A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Based Gait Characteristics in Parkinson's Disease.

Author: SharmaPooja, PahujaS K, VeerKaran

PD treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a brain disorder that affects people worldwide and significantly impacts their quality of life. Current methods for assessing PD aren't perfect, and it's challenging to develop treatments using biomarkers (biological indicators). Early detection and automatic monitoring may help improve care and quality of life for people with PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

74.

Comparison of pramipexole versus ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Author: GenclerOnur Serdar, OztekinNese, OztekinMehmet Fevzi

Pramipexole and ropinirole for Parkinson's disease

This study compared the efficacy of pramipexole and ropinirole, potent nonergoline dopamine agonists, in treating Parkinson's disease. These medications are used for both monotherapy and as add-on therapy to levodopa. The study also evaluated the effects of these agents on depression and their safety profiles.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

75.

The Effect of a Structured Medication Review on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease.

Author: OonkNicol G M, MovigKris L L, van der PalenJob, NibourgSimone A F, Koehorst-Ter HuurneKirsten, NijmeijerHenk-Willem, van KesterenMirjam E, DorresteijnLucille D A

SMR for PD

While medications are essential for managing Parkinson's disease (PD), the complex treatment regimens can lead to problems with medications, poor adherence to treatment, and reduced effectiveness. This study investigates the potential benefits of structured medication reviews (SMRs) in people with PD to optimize their therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

77.

The XINDI Study: A Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Safinamide as Add-On Therapy to Levodopa in Chinese Patients with Parkinson's Disease with Motor Fluctuations.

Author: WeiQianqian, TanYuyan, XuPingyi, TaoEnxiang, LuZuneng, PanXiaoping, WangBaojun, LiuChunfeng, DongXueshuang, TianYuling, SunXin, CattaneoCarlo, ChenShengdi, ShangHuifang,

Improved motor symptoms
Reduced motor fluctuations

This phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study investigated the efficacy and safety of safinamide as an add-on to levodopa in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations. It finds that safinamide, as add-on therapy to levodopa, significantly reduced motor fluctuations and improved motor symptoms and quality of life of Chinese patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

79.

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Gait Disorders in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Data.

Author: CioccaMatteo, SeemungalBarry M, TaiYen F

Improved balance
Improved gait

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) shows promise as a treatment for gait disorders in extrapyramidal disorders like Parkinson's disease, multisystem atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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