Effective treatment of peripheral arterial disease: A Synthesis of Findings from 40 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common condition that affects the arteries in the legs and arms, causing them to narrow or become blocked. 28 PAD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is increasing with the aging population. 25 A common symptom of PAD is intermittent claudication, which is characterized by pain in the legs or buttocks during exercise that subsides with rest. 25 If left untreated, PAD can progress to critical limb ischemia (CLI), a severe condition that can lead to rest pain, ulceration, gangrene, and amputation. 16

Treatment Summary

Treatment for PAD aims to improve blood flow to the legs and arms, reduce symptoms, and prevent complications such as amputation. 28 Various treatment options are available, including medication, exercise therapy, endovascular therapy, and bypass surgery. 28

Medication therapy includes antiplatelet agents and vasodilators to reduce the risk of blood clots and improve blood flow. 25 Exercise therapy involves a structured program of walking or other physical activity to improve blood flow and reduce claudication symptoms. 28 Endovascular therapy uses minimally invasive procedures to open blocked arteries, such as balloon angioplasty or stenting. 28 Bypass surgery involves grafting a new blood vessel to bypass the blocked artery. 28

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Treatment for PAD can provide several benefits, including improved walking distance, reduced pain and symptoms, improved quality of life, better blood flow, and a decreased risk of amputation. 28 It may also help reduce the risk of other cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. 25

Risks Summary

Like any medical procedure, PAD treatment carries some risks. These risks include bleeding, blood clots, infection, and allergic reactions to medications. 28 Invasive procedures like endovascular therapy and bypass surgery also have the risk of complications related to anesthesia. 28 It is essential to discuss the potential benefits and risks with your doctor before making a decision about treatment. 28

Comparison Among Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

Many studies have shown that medication, exercise therapy, endovascular therapy, and bypass surgery can be effective treatments for PAD. 28 Most studies also agree that PAD is a risk factor for other cardiovascular events. 25

Differences Among Studies

There can be variations in the effectiveness and risks of different treatments depending on the specific study. 28 For example, endovascular therapy and bypass surgery may differ in their effectiveness in improving blood flow, their durability, and the risk of complications. 28

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

While many studies have been conducted on PAD treatment, there is still a need for more research to solidify the evidence base. 28 The results of studies can vary due to differences in methodology, patient populations, and other factors. 28

Implications for Real-Life Application

When choosing a treatment for PAD, several factors need to be considered, including the patient's age, symptoms, lifestyle, and co-existing medical conditions. 28 Since every treatment has potential risks, it is crucial to have an open discussion with your doctor before making a decision. 28

Limitations of Current Research

Further research is needed in several areas of PAD treatment. 28 Long-term effectiveness and safety evaluations are essential, as are comparative studies of various treatments and the development of personalized medicine approaches. 28

Future Research Directions

Future research on PAD treatment should prioritize the following:

  • Long-term effectiveness and safety evaluations
  • Comparative studies of various treatments
  • Development of personalized medicine approaches

Conclusion

PAD is a common condition that can lead to significant health issues and complications. 28 Treatment options are available, each with its own benefits and risks. 28 It is vital to discuss these options with your doctor and make informed decisions about your care. 28 Early detection and treatment of PAD are essential. 25 Regular health checkups and prompt medical attention for any symptoms are crucial for managing this condition effectively.

Treatment List

  • Medication Therapy
  • Exercise Therapy
  • Endovascular Therapy
  • Bypass Surgery
Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Improved walking ability
Increased peak oxygen consumption
1
Improved lower limb disease treatment
3
PAD treatment
5
Improved PAD treatment
Reduced cardiovascular mortality
6
Improved PAD treatment
Reduced cardiovascular mortality
7
Clinical status improvement
Stent-graft success
8
Improved PAD treatment
9
PAD treatment
10
Improved walking distance
Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
12
Claudication relief
13
Reduced occlusive vascular events
14
Treatment of PAD
15
Treatment of critical limb ischaemia
16
Treatment of intermittent claudication
17
Improved CLI treatment
18
Treatment of PAD
19
Improved PAD
20
Gene therapy
Limb salvage
21
Hypertension treatment
22
Intermittent claudication treatment
25
CLI treatment
26
PAD treatment
27
Improved quality of life
Improved walking distance
28
Endovascular intervention for PAD
29
Treatment for peripheral arterial disease
30
Stimulate angiogenesis
31
Improved ambulation
Improved quality of life
32
CLI treatment
Pain relief
33
Gene therapy
PAD treatment
34
PAD treatment
Stem cell therapy
35
Improved functional capacity
Improved quality of life
36
Symptomatic PAD treatment
37
Ankle-brachial index
Walking distance
38
Durable outcomes
High efficacy
Improved patency
39
Treatment for CLI
40
Risk Keywords
Controversy regarding effects of beta blockade
Little known about effects of other anti-hypertensive drugs
4
Restenosis/reocclusion
5
Peripheral arterial disease
6
Peripheral arterial disease
7
Major adverse events
8
Peripheral arterial disease
9
Beta-blocker controversy
10
PAD under-recognition
11
PAD symptoms
21
Beta-adrenoreceptor blockade
Peripheral arterial disease
22
Cardiovascular risk
23
High mortality risk
Hospitalized PAD rate
Revascularized PAD rate
24
Limited data on cost-effectiveness
Limited data on mortality
28
Cost-effectiveness
30
Endovascular complications
32
Insufficient evidence
33
Severe adverse events
38
Increased MALEs
Increased TLR
39
Literature analysis of 40 papers
Positive Content
35
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
3
Article Type
7
20
32
28
40
1.

Benefit of exercise conditioning for patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Author: HiattW R, RegensteinerJ G, HargartenM E, WolfelE E, BrassE P

Improved walking ability
Increased peak oxygen consumption

This study investigated the effectiveness of exercise training in 19 men with peripheral artery disease (PAD) causing leg pain during exercise (claudication). The exercise group showed significant improvements in walking distance, oxygen consumption, and pain-free walking time compared to a control group. While blood flow to the leg muscles improved, it was not directly related to improved walking time. However, a decrease in levels of a specific marker of muscle metabolism (acylcarnitines) was associated with improved walking distance. This study suggests that exercise training is a beneficial treatment for PAD, possibly by improving muscle metabolism.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

2.

[Consequences of obliterating arteriopathy of the legs on the professional activity of patients and external assistance].

Author: RollandN, LebrunT, ComteS, SaillyJ C

This study examined the impact of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) on the daily lives and professional activities of 234 patients. While only 12.4% were currently working, 42.3% had been working when the disease first appeared. PAD significantly affected professional activities, with 45.4% reporting changes like reduced work hours, disability, or early retirement. Despite the significant impact on patients' lives, only 4 patients were on sick leave during the 6-month follow-up period, and less than 10% needed external assistance. This highlights the often-overlooked impact of PAD on daily life and professional activity.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

3.

Intravenous naftidrofuryl for critical limb ischaemia.

Author: SmithF B, BradburyA W, FowkesF G

Improved lower limb disease treatment

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 5% of people by middle age, and 25% of these develop critical limb ischemia (rest pain, ulcers, gangrene) within five years. Naftidrofuryl, a vasoactive drug that blocks serotonin receptors, may be beneficial for treating severe lower limb disease like critical limb ischemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

4.

Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease.

Author: LipG Y H, MakinA J

Controversy regarding effects of beta blockade
Little known about effects of other anti-hypertensive drugs

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) causes significant health problems and death. High blood pressure (hypertension) is a risk factor for PAD. Treatment for hypertension should be safe for people with PAD, but there is controversy about using beta-blockers. As a result, many doctors have stopped prescribing beta-blockers for patients with PAD. Limited information exists about the effects of other types of blood pressure medications on people with PAD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment.

Author: Dörffler-MellyJ, KoopmanM M W, PrinsM H, BüllerH R

PAD treatment
Restenosis/reocclusion

Balloon angioplasty is a common treatment for peripheral artery disease (PAD), but the treated arteries often narrow again (restenosis/reocclusion). This happens more often in longer blockages, poor blood flow in the lower leg, advanced disease, and people with heart disease risk factors. To prevent this, patients are given blood thinners.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

6.

Cilostazol for peripheral arterial disease.

Author: RoblessP, MikhailidisD P, StansbyG P

Improved PAD treatment
Reduced cardiovascular mortality
Peripheral arterial disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 4-12% of people aged 55-70 and 20% of those over 70. The most common symptom is intermittent claudication (IC), pain in the legs or buttocks during exercise that goes away with rest. People with IC have a 3-6 times higher risk of death from heart disease. Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking and exercise programs can improve symptoms, walking distance, and quality of life. Blood thinners help prevent blood clots in people with IC but don't increase how far they can walk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

Cilostazol for peripheral arterial disease.

Author: RoblessP, MikhailidisD P, StansbyG P

Improved PAD treatment
Reduced cardiovascular mortality
Peripheral arterial disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 4-12% of people aged 55-70 and 20% of those over 70. The most common symptom is intermittent claudication (IC), pain in the legs or buttocks during exercise that goes away with rest. People with IC have a 3-6 times higher risk of death from heart disease. Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking and exercise programs can improve symptoms, walking distance, and quality of life. Blood thinners help prevent blood clots in people with IC but don't increase how far they can walk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

Randomized, multicenter study comparing expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered endoprosthesis placement with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of superficial femoral artery occlusive disease.

Author: SaxonRichard R, DakeMichael D, VolgelzangRobert L, KatzenBarry T, BeckerGary J

Clinical status improvement
Stent-graft success
Major adverse events

The patency, technical success, and clinical status results obtained with stent-grafts were superior to those obtained with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone in a study of patients with symptomatic superficial femoral artery (SFA) peripheral arterial disease.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery.

Author: BrownJulie, LethabyAnne, MaxwellHeather, WawrzyniakAndrew J, PrinsMartin H

Improved PAD treatment
Peripheral arterial disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) can cause blockages in the major arteries of the legs. One treatment is bypass surgery, using either a vein from the patient's own body or an artificial graft. The type of material used affects the risk of blockage. To prevent blockages, patients are often given medications to prevent blood clots.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease.

Author: LaneDeirdre A, LipGregory Yh

PAD treatment
Beta-blocker controversy

This study examines the use of different medications for high blood pressure (hypertension) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). While high blood pressure is a risk factor for PAD, there is uncertainty about the effects of beta-blockers, a common medication for hypertension, in patients with PAD. The study aims to provide an updated review of research on treating hypertension in people with PAD, considering other classes of medications beyond beta-blockers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in patients at non-high cardiovascular risk. Rationale and design of the PANDORA study.

Author: CimminielloClaudio, BorghiClaudio, KownatorSerge, WautrechtJean Claude, CarvounisChristos P, KranendonkStefanus E, KindlerBeat, MangrellaMario,

PAD under-recognition

People with blocked arteries in their legs (PAD) have a higher risk of heart problems, even if they don't have typical symptoms. Doctors are supposed to check for PAD using ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements, but it's often overlooked. This study aims to determine how common PAD is in people who are not at high risk for heart problems and don't have obvious signs of heart disease or diabetes. The study will also look at factors that contribute to PAD being missed, including patient and doctor characteristics.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Do angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors improve walking distance in patients with symptomatic lower limb arterial disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Author: ShahinYousef, MazariFayyaz, ChetterIan

Improved walking distance
Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality

Long-term cardioprotective medications, including ACEIs, have shown potential benefits in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with lower limb PAD, and some studies suggest they may improve walking distance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials: Walking versus alternative exercise prescription as treatment for intermittent claudication.

Author: ParmenterBelinda J, RaymondJacqueline, DinnenPaul, SinghMaria A Fiatarone

Claudication relief

While walking is the standard treatment for claudication in older adults with peripheral arterial disease, alternative forms of exercise can also be effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Clopidogrel and modified-release dipyridamole for the prevention of occlusive vascular events (review of Technology Appraisal No. 90): a systematic review and economic analysis.

Author: GreenhalghJ, BagustA, BolandA, Martin SaboridoC, OyeeJ, BlundellM, DundarY, DicksonR, ProudloveC, FisherM

Reduced occlusive vascular events

Heart attacks, strokes, and mini-strokes (TIAs) are caused by blocked or narrowed arteries due to atherosclerosis. Peripheral arterial disease occurs when arteries in the legs and other areas become narrowed, limiting blood flow. The main goal of treatment for all of these conditions is to prevent future blockages.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

A systematic review and economic evaluation of cilostazol, naftidrofuryl oxalate, pentoxifylline and inositol nicotinate for the treatment of intermittent claudication in people with peripheral arterial disease.

Author: SquiresH, SimpsonE, MengY, HarnanS, StevensJw, WongR, ThomasS, MichaelsJ, StansbyG

Treatment of PAD

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a condition where arteries in the legs and arms become blocked or narrowed, affecting about 4.5% of people aged 55 to 74 in the UK. The most common symptom is intermittent claudication, where pain in the legs during walking is relieved by rest.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Local intramuscular transplantation of autologous mononuclear cells for critical lower limb ischaemia.

Author: MoazzamiKasra, MajdzadehReza, NedjatSaharnaz

Treatment of critical limb ischaemia

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a serious health problem, and about 1% to 2% of patients develop a severe form called critical limb ischemia (CLI). For many people with CLI, amputation is the only option, with about a quarter requiring a major amputation within a year.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

SUPERvised exercise therapy or immediate PTA for intermittent claudication in patients with an iliac artery obstruction--a multicentre randomised controlled trial; SUPER study design and rationale.

Author: FransF A, BipatS, ReekersJ A, LegemateD A, KoelemayM J W,

Treatment of intermittent claudication

Treatment for intermittent claudication (IC), a condition causing pain when walking due to poor blood flow in the legs, aims to improve walking distance and prevent heart disease. Both supervised exercise and a procedure to widen narrowed arteries (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, PTA) have been shown to improve walking distance. However, the best treatment approach for IC caused by blockages or narrowing in the iliac arteries is not yet clear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Intravenous naftidrofuryl for critical limb ischaemia.

Author: SmithFelicity B, BradburyAndrew, FowkesGerry

Improved CLI treatment

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects about 5% of people by middle age, with 25% of those experiencing severe complications like pain at rest, ulcers, and gangrene within 5 years. This study examines the potential benefits of naftidrofuryl, a medication that affects blood vessels, in treating severe PAD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment.

Author: RobertsonLindsay, GhouriMaaz A, KovacsFlora

Treatment of PAD

Balloon angioplasty is a common treatment for narrowing arteries in the legs. The likelihood of the arteries becoming blocked again (restenosis/reocclusion) depends on factors like the length of the blockage, blood flow in the lower legs, severity of the disease, and other heart health risks. Blood thinners are used to help prevent re-blockage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

Prostanoids for intermittent claudication.

Author: RobertsonLindsay, AndrasAlina

Improved PAD

This review examines the use of prostanoids in treating peripheral arterial disease (PAD). While their effectiveness in later stages of PAD is established, their role in treating intermittent claudication (PAD II) requires further investigation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Gene therapy for therapeutic angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

Author: HammerAlexandra, SteinerSabine

Gene therapy
Limb salvage
PAD symptoms

This systematic review examines the use of gene therapy in treating peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Therapeutic angiogenesis has been proposed to relieve symptoms and support limb salvage, particularly in patients with critical limb ischemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease.

Author: LaneDeirdre A, LipGregory Y H

Hypertension treatment
Beta-adrenoreceptor blockade
Peripheral arterial disease

This review examines the effects of different classes of anti-hypertensive drugs in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). While beta-blockers have been controversial, the study aims to provide updated information on the effectiveness and safety of other antihypertensive medications in managing PAD and hypertension.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

23.

Screening for peripheral arterial disease.

Author: AndrasAlina, FerketBart

Cardiovascular risk

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects a significant portion of the population, especially those over 50. While 75% of PAD cases are asymptomatic, it can lead to serious complications like heart disease, stroke, and limb loss. Early screening can help prevent these outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

24.

Characteristics and long-term follow-up of participants with peripheral arterial disease during ALLHAT.

Author: PillerLinda B, SimpsonLara M, BaraniukSarah, HabibGabriel B, RahmanMahboob, BasileJan N, DartRichard A, EllsworthAllan J, FendleyHerbert, ProbstfieldJeffrey L, WheltonPaul K, DavisBarry R,

High mortality risk
Hospitalized PAD rate
Revascularized PAD rate

Neither amlodipine nor lisinopril was superior to chlorthalidone in reducing the risk of clinically advanced peripheral artery disease (PAD) in high-risk hypertensive patients. Once PAD develops, the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality is high, regardless of the type of antihypertensive treatment used.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

25.

Cilostazol for intermittent claudication.

Author: BedenisRachel, StewartMarlene, CleanthisMarcus, RoblessPeter, MikhailidisDimitri P, StansbyGerard

Intermittent claudication treatment

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects millions, with a higher risk for older people. A common symptom is intermittent claudication, pain in the legs or buttocks that occurs with exercise and eases with rest. People with intermittent claudication have a significantly increased risk of heart problems. Lifestyle changes, quitting smoking, and exercise can improve symptoms and quality of life. While blood thinners help prevent heart problems, their effect on walking distance is unclear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

26.

Local intramuscular transplantation of autologous mononuclear cells for critical lower limb ischaemia.

Author: MoazzamiKasra, MoazzamiBobak, RoohiAria, NedjatSaharnaz, DolmatovaElena

CLI treatment

Peripheral arterial disease affects many people, and about 1-2% develop critical limb ischemia (CLI), a serious condition affecting blood flow in the legs. For many people with CLI, amputation is the only option, with a quarter requiring major amputation within a year. This review updates a previous review published in 2011.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

27.

Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery.

Author: BedenisRachel, LethabyAnne, MaxwellHeather, AcostaStefan, PrinsMartin H

PAD treatment

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) can cause blockages in the arteries in the legs. Bypass surgery using a vein from the patient or an artificial graft is a treatment option. The type of graft used, along with other factors, affects how likely the graft is to become blocked again. To prevent this, patients often take medications to thin the blood or prevent blood clots.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

28.

A systematic review of treatment of intermittent claudication in the lower extremities.

Author: MalgorRafael D, AlahdabFares, AlalahdabFares, ElraiyahTarig A, RizviAdnan Z, LaneMelanie A, ProkopLarry J, PhungOlivia J, FarahWigdan, MontoriVictor M, ConteMichael S, MuradMohammad Hassan

Improved quality of life
Improved walking distance
Limited data on cost-effectiveness
Limited data on mortality

Open surgery, endovascular therapy, and exercise therapy were superior to medical management in terms of walking distance and claudication. Choice of therapy should rely on patients' values and preferences, clinical context, and availability of operative expertise.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

29.

EARLY EXPERIENCE OF ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE.

Author: AshrafTaria, YousufKamal, KarimMuhammad Tariq

Endovascular intervention for PAD

This study evaluates the procedural success and early outcomes of endovascular treatment for peripheral vascular disease in Pakistan. Endovascular intervention is becoming the first-line therapy for limb ischemia, but its implementation in Pakistan is limited due to a lack of trained professionals and dedicated centers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

30.

Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs.

Author: KayssiAhmed, Al-AtassiTalal, OreopoulosGeorge, Roche-NagleGraham, TanKong Teng, RajanDheeraj K

Treatment for peripheral arterial disease
Cost-effectiveness

This study explored the efficacy of drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) for the treatment of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). While DEBs are more expensive than uncoated balloons, their effectiveness in improving patient outcomes is unclear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

31.

Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease.

Author: GorenoiVitali, BrehmMichael U, KochArmin, HagenAnja

Stimulate angiogenesis

This research examines the use of growth factors for treating peripheral artery disease (PAD). The study explores the potential benefits and challenges of using growth factors to stimulate angiogenesis and improve blood flow.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

32.

Endovascular revascularisation versus conservative management for intermittent claudication.

Author: FakhryFarzin, FokkenroodHugo Jp, SpronkSandra, TeijinkJoep Aw, RouwetEllen V, HuninkM G Myriam

Improved ambulation
Improved quality of life
Endovascular complications

This abstract discusses intermittent claudication (IC), a symptomatic form of peripheral arterial disease, and explores the effectiveness of endovascular revascularization as a treatment for patients with IC.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

33.

Lumbar sympathectomy versus prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia due to non-reconstructable peripheral arterial disease.

Author: SenIndrani, AgarwalSunil, TharyanPrathap, ForsterRachel

CLI treatment
Pain relief
Insufficient evidence

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) can lead to severe pain in the legs at rest, called critical limb ischaemia (CLI). Surgery or other procedures are typically used to treat CLI, but these aren't always possible. Two treatments for pain in CLI that cannot be surgically repaired are lumbar sympathectomy and prostanoids, but there is no clear evidence of which one is better. Further research is needed to find the best pain relief for this painful and debilitating condition.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

34.

Gene therapy for peripheral arterial disease.

Author: ForsterRachel, LiewAaron, BhattacharyaVish, ShawJames, StansbyGerard

Gene therapy
PAD treatment

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a narrowing of the arteries in the limbs, is becoming more common as people live longer and diabetes rates rise. PAD can cause pain while walking or even at rest, and can lead to ulcers and amputation. While medications, surgery, and minimally invasive procedures are used, many people don't respond well to these treatments. Gene therapy, a new approach that delivers genes to increase blood flow, has been shown to be safe but its effectiveness is still unknown, especially regarding healing ulcers and improving quality of life.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

35.

Autologous stem cell therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: GaoWei, ChenDawei, LiuGuanjian, RanXingwu

PAD treatment
Stem cell therapy

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of autologous implantation of stem cells in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) compared to active controls and placebo. The study aims to provide evidence on the potential benefits of this approach for 'no-option' patients who have lost the opportunity for conventional surgical or interventional therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

36.

Supervised exercise therapy in intermittent claudication: a systematic review of clinical impact and limitations.

Author: RodriguesEgon, SilvaIvone

Improved functional capacity
Improved quality of life

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a condition that narrows arteries in the limbs, is becoming more common. PAD can cause pain when walking (intermittent claudication) and can significantly impact function and quality of life. Exercise is a key part of managing PAD, and supervised exercise is recommended as the first-line treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

37.

Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease.

Author: WardleBethany G, AmblerGraeme K, RadwanRami W, HinchliffeRobert J, TwineChristopher P

Symptomatic PAD treatment

There are several ways to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a condition that affects blood flow to the legs. This review updates previous research on atherectomy, a procedure that removes plaque from arteries, and compares it to other treatments like angioplasty, stenting, exercise, and bypass surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

38.

Therapeutic Effects of Medication Use on Intermittent Claudication: A Network Meta-analysis.

Author: MaBo, FanXueqiang, LiuPeng

Ankle-brachial index
Walking distance
Severe adverse events

Beraprost and sarpogrelate were found to be more effective than other commonly used drugs in improving walking distance and ankle-brachial index in patients with intermittent claudication. Both medications also had a beneficial effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities. Cilostazol combined with clopidogrel, sarpogrelate, and beraprost had better therapeutic effects than others for the ankle-brachial index. Sarpogrelate, beraprost, and aspirin were associated with a lower ratio of severe adverse events than cilostazol and placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

40.

Local intramuscular transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for critical lower limb ischaemia.

Author: MoazzamiBobak, MohammadpourZinat, ZabalaZohyra E, FarokhiErmia, RoohiAria, DolmatovaElena, MoazzamiKasra

Treatment for CLI

This review provides an updated overview of treatment options for critical limb ischemia (CLI), a serious complication of peripheral arterial disease. CLI can lead to limb amputation, and this review explores available treatment strategies for this condition.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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