Effects of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 22 Studies

  1. Home
  2. Effects of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide topical
This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Effects of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 22 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician. If you have concerns about "Effects of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 22 Studies", please consult your doctor.

For NLM copyright information, please see Link to NLM Copyright Page
PubMed data is obtained via Hugging Face Datasets: Link to DatasetPlease check the disclaimer.
This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations in controlling various insect pests. 20 found that pyrethroids, particularly cypermethrin, were effective against certain insect larvae and adults. 21 highlighted the effectiveness of pyrethrins against German cockroaches, although resistance was observed in certain strains. 7 investigated the growing resistance of head lice to pyrethroids and malathion, emphasizing the need for alternative treatments. 19 further confirmed the effectiveness of pyrethroids against German cockroaches, but also emphasized the presence of resistance mechanisms that could be partially overcome with the use of synergists like piperonyl butoxide. 12 focused on the resistance of Triatoma infestans, a vector of Chagas disease, to deltamethrin, highlighting the importance of exploring alternative control strategies. 3 proposed the use of potassium channel blockers alongside pyrethroids to enhance their toxicity against mosquitoes, aiming to improve vector control. 1 investigated the potential of sodium channel activators like veratrine and aconitine as insecticides and synergists for natural pyrethrins, suggesting a possible extension of pyrethroids' lifespan in pest control. 4 assessed the toxicity of various essential oil components against German cockroach strains, suggesting their potential use in integrated pest management. 2 explored the synergistic effects of pyrethroids with potassium channel blockers, suggesting that targeting specific potassium channels could improve pyrethroid effectiveness.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations have demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of insect pests, including head lice, mosquitoes, German cockroaches, and Triatoma infestans. 22 , 15 , 21 , 7 , 12

Risk Summary

A primary concern with pyrethroids is the potential for insecticide resistance. 19 , 7 , 12 While generally considered safe, pyrethroids can cause adverse effects in humans, such as allergies. 17 It's important to note that the specific risks associated with pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations might vary depending on the formulation and intended use.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities Across Studies

Several studies consistently highlight the effectiveness of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations in controlling various insect pests. 20 , 21 , 7 , 19 , 12 Additionally, the research emphasizes the importance of managing insecticide resistance, suggesting the use of synergistic agents like piperonyl butoxide. 20 , 19 , 7 , 12

Differences Across Studies

The specific insect pests targeted, resistance levels observed, and the effectiveness of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations varied across different studies. 20 , 21 , 7 , 19 , 12 Some studies explored the potential of alternative insecticides or synergists to overcome resistance issues. 3 , 1 , 4 , 2

Consistency and Discrepancies in Findings

While pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations have consistently shown effectiveness against insect pests, the emergence of resistance poses a significant challenge. 19 , 7 , 12 The effectiveness of pyrethroids can vary depending on the insect species and the specific strain involved. 20 , 21 , 7 , 12

Implications for Everyday Life

Pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations are widely used in various pest control applications, such as household insecticides and agricultural treatments. 7 It's important to be aware of the potential for insecticide resistance and to use these products responsibly. 7 , 19 , 12 If using pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide-based products, follow the instructions carefully and take precautions to minimize exposure. 17

Limitations of Current Research

While numerous studies have explored the effectiveness of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations, further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects, potential risks, and the development of resistance. 15 , 7 , 19 , 12 Research on alternative insecticides and synergists is crucial to address resistance issues and develop sustainable pest control strategies. 3 , 1 , 4 , 2

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects and risks associated with pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations, particularly in terms of human health and environmental impact. 15 Focus should also be placed on developing alternative insecticides or synergists to address the growing concern of insecticide resistance. 3 , 1 , 4 , 2

Conclusion

Pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide combinations have proven to be effective against a wide range of insect pests, but the development of resistance is a growing concern. 19 , 7 , 12 It is crucial to use these products responsibly and to explore alternative control strategies to manage resistance and minimize potential risks. 20 , 21 , 7 , 19 , 12 , 17 Continued research is essential to develop sustainable pest control methods that address the challenges of insecticide resistance and environmental concerns.

Literature analysis of 22 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
6
Article Type
3
0
0
2
22
5.

Effect of chlorfenapyr on cypermethrin-resistant Culex pipiens pallens Coq mosquitoes.

Author: YuanJ Z, LiQ F, HuangJ B, GaoJ F

Disease transmission reduction
Mosquito control

This study investigated the effect of chlorfenapyr on pyrethorid-resistant Culex pipiens pallens Coq (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Transcriptional analysis of four family 4 P450s in a Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) compared with an Orlando strain and their possible functional roles in permethrin resistance.

Author: ReidWilliam R, ThorntonAnne, PridgeonJulia W, BecnelJames J, TangFang, EstepAlden, ClarkGary G, AllanSandra, LiuNannan

Insect resistance

This study investigated the mechanism of permethrin resistance in a Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti, finding evidence of cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification. Among up-regulated cytochrome P450s, CYP4D24 emerged as a potential key player in permethrin resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Permethrin and malathion resistance in head lice: results of ex vivo and molecular assays.

Author: BouvresseSophie, BerdjaneZohra, DurandRémy, BouscaillouJulie, IzriArezki, ChosidowOlivier

Insecticide resistance

A high occurrence of kdr mutant allele in head lice suggests that insecticide resistance is established in the studied population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Insecticide resistance in head lice: clinical, parasitological and genetic aspects.

Author: DurandR, BouvresseS, BerdjaneZ, IzriA, ChosidowO, ClarkJ M

Insecticide resistance

This review discusses insecticide resistance in head lice, a significant factor in increasing infestations. The review highlights the emergence and spread of resistance to conventional topical pediculicides due to selection pressure, including resistance mechanisms and the importance of minimizing the use of older insecticides due to loss of efficacy and safety concerns.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

A randomised, assessor blind, parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children--melaleuca oil and lavender oil, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, and a "suffocation" product.

Author: BarkerStephen C, AltmanPhillip M

Pediculicide efficacy

This study compares the efficacy and safety of three topical pediculicides: a pediculicide containing tea tree oil and lavender oil, a head lice 'suffocation' product, and a product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide. The results show that all three products are effective, with varying levels of efficacy and safety.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides.

Author: PasayCielo, ArlianLarry, MorganMarjorie, GunningRobin, RossiterLouise, HoltDeborah, WaltonShelley, BeckhamSimone, McCarthyJames

Scabies treatment
Pesticide resistance

Permethrin is a topical cream used to treat scabies, but scabies mites are becoming resistant to permethrin and ivermectin. Synergists can be used to manage this resistance by inhibiting metabolic pathways.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

North American efficacy and safety of a novel pediculicide rinse, isopropyl myristate 50% (Resultz).

Author: KaulNalini, PalmaKathleen G, SilagyStewart S, GoodmanJ John, TooleJack

Improved head lice treatment
Head lice infestations

Head lice infestations are a common problem for school-aged children and a global public health concern. Current treatments are becoming less effective due to resistance, safety issues, and people not following instructions. A safe, easy-to-use, and effective alternative is needed.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Comparison of two partial least squares infrared spectrometric methods for the quality control of pediculosis lotions.

Author: MorosJ, GarriguesS, de la GuardiaM

Hair pediculosis treatment

This study developed and compared two vibrational spectroscopy procedures for the direct and simultaneous determination of piperonyl butoxide and tetramethrin, active ingredients in alcoholic capillary lotions used to treat hair pediculosis. The study found that both ATR and transmission FT-IR measurements, combined with PLS multivariate calibration, can be used to analyze commercial formulations with good accuracy.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Poisoning due to pyrethroids.

Author: BradberrySally M, CageSarah A, ProudfootAlex T, ValeJ Allister

Insecticide
Paraesthesiae
Seizures

Pyrethroids are widely used insecticides that can be toxic to humans. The main effects are on sodium and chloride channels, leading to paraesthesiae and seizures in severe cases. Most patients recover within 6 days, but there have been reports of fatalities. Management is supportive, and topical vitamin E may reduce the severity of paraesthesiae.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Pyrethroid resistance and cross-resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L).

Author: WeiY, AppelA G, MoarW J, LiuN

Effective insecticide
None mentioned

This study investigated the resistance mechanisms in a German cockroach strain (Apyr-R) resistant to pyrethroid insecticides and found that P450 monooxygenases and hydrolases were involved in resistance. Fipronil was highly toxic to the resistant strain and could be a valuable tool in integrated resistance management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

20.

Toxicity of pyrethroids and effect of synergists to larval and adult Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Author: UsmaniK A, KnowlesC O

Toxicity to insects

Cypermethrin was more toxic than permethrin to Helicoverpa zea larvae and adults, while the two pyrethroids did not differ significantly in their relative toxicities to Spodoptera frugiperda and Agrotis ipsilon.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

21.

Insecticide toxicity, synergism and resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Author: ScottJ G, CochranD G, SiegfriedB D

Insecticide resistance

Resistance to pyrethrins and malathion in German cockroaches was investigated. Resistance to pyrethrins was not affected by synergists, suggesting a mechanism other than metabolism. Malathion resistance was suppressible with piperonyl butoxide, implicating oxidative metabolism as a resistance mechanism.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

22.

Comparison of pediculicidal and ovicidal effects of two pyrethrin-piperonyl-butoxide agents.

Author: PitmanN K, HernandezA, HernandezE

Effective head lice treatment

A study of 40 children with head lice compared a pyrethrin-piperonyl-butoxide shampoo to a similar lotion. Both products effectively killed lice, but the shampoo demonstrated greater ovicidal efficacy, killing 50% of nits compared to 25% for the lotion after accounting for natural egg mortality. This suggests that the shampoo is a more effective treatment for head lice due to its superior ability to kill eggs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

This site uses cookies. Visit our privacy policy page or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.