Side Effects of rifamycin: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Rifamycins are a class of antibiotics effective in treating bacterial infections caused by organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. These antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. Rifamycins are used to address issues such as variations in metabolic activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the emergence of resistant strains, and the need for shorter treatment durations and reduced dosages to improve patient adherence. 18

Rifamycins can contribute to restoring hepatic function and reducing the development of liver fibrosis in patients with cirrhosis. They have also proven effective in treating hepatic encephalopathy and its complications, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, ascites, and esophageal variceal bleeding. 7

Rifamycins are effective for treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), with shorter treatment durations, better tolerability, and a higher likelihood of completion compared to isoniazid alone. 11

Rifamycins have potential anti-inflammatory properties, as they have been shown to inhibit various functions of human neutrophils, including locomotion, superoxide anion production, and degranulation. 17

Rifamycins are effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis by reducing inflammation and fluid accumulation in joints. 24

Rifamycins are effective for treating latent tuberculosis infection, and they are safe and effective for treating LTBI in HIV-infected patients. 1

Reasons for Side Effects

Rifamycins exert their effects by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. However, this action can also impact human cells, potentially causing side effects. 18 , 7 , 11 , 17 , 12 , 15 , 9 , 3 , 14 , 21 , 19 , 4 , 20 , 16 , 6 , 8 , 24 , 1 , 22 , 13 , 5 , 2 , 10 , 23

Common Side Effects

Liver Dysfunction

Rifamycins can put a strain on the liver, potentially leading to liver dysfunction. 7 , 16 , 6 , 14

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Rifamycins can affect the gastrointestinal system, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. 4 , 14

Allergic Reactions

Rifamycins can trigger allergic reactions. 12 , 16 , 6

Blood Disorders

Rifamycins can impact blood, potentially causing symptoms like anemia and leukopenia. 14

Kidney Dysfunction

Rifamycins can put a strain on the kidneys, potentially causing kidney dysfunction. 14

Side Effect Management

Liver Dysfunction

Preventing liver dysfunction involves regular liver function tests. 7 , 16 , 6 , 14

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Preventing gastrointestinal symptoms requires paying attention to diet and medication timing. 4 , 14

Allergic Reactions

If an allergic reaction occurs, seek immediate medical attention. 12 , 16 , 6

Blood Disorders

Preventing blood disorders involves regular blood tests. 14

Kidney Dysfunction

Preventing kidney dysfunction involves staying adequately hydrated. 14

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Numerous studies have shown that rifamycins are effective in treating bacterial infections caused by organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. 18 , 7 , 11 , 17 , 12 , 15 , 9 , 3 , 14 , 21 , 19 , 4 , 20 , 16 , 6 , 8 , 24 , 1 , 22 , 13 , 5 , 2 , 10 , 23

Differences in Studies

Research on rifamycin side effects has reported side effects such as liver dysfunction and gastrointestinal symptoms, but the frequency and severity of these side effects vary across studies. 4 , 16 , 6 , 14

Practical Application Notes

Rifamycins are effective antibiotics for treating bacterial infections caused by organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex, but because of their potential side effects, it is crucial to take them as directed by your doctor. 18 , 7 , 11 , 17 , 12 , 15 , 9 , 3 , 14 , 21 , 19 , 4 , 20 , 16 , 6 , 8 , 24 , 1 , 22 , 13 , 5 , 2 , 10 , 23

Limitations of Current Research

Research on rifamycin side effects is still considered inadequate. Further studies are necessary, particularly on long-term side effects and rare side effects. 16 , 6 , 8

Future Research Directions

To gain a deeper understanding of rifamycin side effects, research on long-term safety and rare side effects is crucial. Additionally, the development of new treatments and preventative measures to mitigate rifamycin side effects is anticipated. 16 , 6 , 8

Conclusion

Rifamycins are effective antibiotics for treating bacterial infections caused by organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. However, due to the risk of side effects like liver dysfunction and gastrointestinal symptoms, it is vital to take them according to your doctor's instructions. Research on rifamycin side effects is still insufficient and requires further investigation. 18 , 7 , 11 , 17 , 12 , 15 , 9 , 3 , 14 , 21 , 19 , 4 , 20 , 16 , 6 , 8 , 24 , 1 , 22 , 13 , 5 , 2 , 10 , 23

Literature analysis of 24 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
3
Article Type
3
1
0
10
23
1.

Short-course rifamycin and pyrazinamide treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in patients with HIV infection: the 2-year experience of a comprehensive community-based program in Broward County, Florida.

Author: NaritaMasahiro, KellmanMichael, FranchiniDiana L, McMillanMarie E, HollenderElena S, AshkinDavid

LTBI treatment effective
Allergic skin reactions
Hepatitis

A comprehensive, community-based program of short-course rifamycin/pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) achieved significantly higher completion rates than traditional isoniazid therapy in HIV-infected patients. While rifamycin/pyrazinamide therapy was associated with a small number of side effects, it remains a promising alternative to isoniazid for LTBI prevention in individuals with HIV infection.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Rifamycin SV versus triamcinolone in local treatment of rheumatoid synovitis.

Author: MarchesoniA, SinigagliaL, RanzaR, VarennaM, BattafaranoN, TosiS

Local side effects

Rifamycin SV was less effective than triamcinolone acetonide for treating rheumatoid synovitis, with lower response rates (61.4% vs 91%) and more local side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

[Report on side effects of antituberculous agents].

Author:

Tuberculosis treatment
Allergic reaction
Serious side effects

Antituberculous agents can cause serious side effects, particularly allergic reactions, especially with repeated use of rifamycin agents. Close monitoring is essential for patients with hepatitis, allergy history, alcoholism, or senility.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Chinese

5.

State of the Art on Developments of (Bio)Sensors and Analytical Methods for Rifamycin Antibiotics Determination.

Author: NoorHassan, DavidIulia Gabriela, JingaMaria Lorena, PopaDana Elena, BuleandraMihaela, IorgulescuEmilia Elena, CiobanuAdela Magdalena

Antibacterial
Hepatotoxicity

This review summarizes recent advancements in electrochemical, optical, and luminescence methods for analyzing rifamycin antibiotics, particularly rifampicin (RIF). The discussion highlights the importance of reliable, rapid, and simple analytical methods for drug monitoring to ensure optimal RIF dosage and minimize side effects, such as drug-resistant bacteria and hepatotoxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Rifabutin: where do we stand in 2016?

Author: CrabolYoann, CatherinotEmilie, VezirisNicolas, JullienVincent, LortholaryOlivier

Acceptable tolerance
Contribution to rifampicin-resistant TB
Equivalent activity/efficacy to rifampicin
Lower liver induction

This review found that rifabutin has comparable efficacy and tolerability to rifampicin in treating tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Rifabutin offers advantages in patients with specific conditions, such as AIDS, organ transplantation, or intolerance to rifampicin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Rifaximin Alfa and Liver Diseases: More Than a Treatment for Encephalopathy, a Disease Modifier.

Author: TorreAldo, Córdova-GallardoJacqueline, Frati MunariAlberto C

Hepatic function restoration
Liver fibrosis reduction

Rifaximin (RFX) is a rifamycin-based antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of activity, primarily used for treating hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with cirrhosis. RFX is effective in the intestinal tract with few systemic side effects and may contribute to restoring hepatic function and decreasing liver fibrosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Current advances in the clinical development of anti-tubercular agents.

Author: TetaliSamanvai Reddy, KunapaeddiEswar, MailavaramRaghu Prasad, SinghVinayak, BorahPobitra, DebPran Kishore, VenugopalaKatharigatta N, HouraniWafa, TekadeRakesh Kumar

Shorter regimen
Treats drug-resistant TB
Side effects

This article summarizes the properties, merits, and demerits of twenty-three drug-like molecules currently under investigation in clinical trials for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. These new agents are designed to be effective against resistant strains and offer shorter treatment regimens, addressing the urgent need for improved therapies against this deadly disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Prevention of appearance of radiological lesions in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, single-blind study comparing intra-articular rifamycin with auranofin.

Author: CarusoI, SantandreaS, Sarzi PuttiniP, MontroneF, BoccassiniL, AzzoliniV, CazzolaM, Dell'AcquaD

Prevented radiological lesions
Reduced rheumatoid arthritis
Lower side effects

Intra-articular rifamycin SV was more effective than oral auranofin in preventing radiological lesions in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

Treatment for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease.

Author: PanSheng-Wei, ShuChin-Chung, FengJia-Yih, SuWei-Juin

MAC-LD Treatment
Antibiotic Intolerance
Disease Recurrence

This review discusses the challenges and guidelines for treating Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease (LD), highlighting the importance of adherence to guidelines for successful treatment outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Rifamycins--obstacles and opportunities.

Author: AristoffPaul A, GarciaGeorge A, KirchhoffPaul D, ShowalterH D

Improved rifamycin analogs
Reduced drug-drug interactions
Shorter treatment duration
Flu-like syndrome
Hepatotoxicity

Rifamycins, such as rifampin, are important drugs for treating tuberculosis (TB) but have limitations including drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, and drug interactions. This review discusses the potential for developing improved rifamycin analogs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

3-(Carboxyalkylthio) rifamycin S and SV derivatives inhibit human neutrophil functions.

Author: SpisaniS, TranielloS, OnoriA M, RizzutiO, MartuccioC, CellaiL

Anti-inflammatory effects
Pain
Tissue swelling

Twenty-five semisynthetic rifamycins were tested for antiinflammatory activity. Derivatives carrying a free carboxyl are more water soluble than rifamycin SV at physiological pH and may serve as antiinflammatory drugs for local administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

[Active drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

Author: CollPere

Reduced treatment dose
Reduced treatment duration
Tuberculosis treatment
Drug resistance
Side effects

Treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis is lengthy and must include various associated drugs because populations of this bacillus differ in metabolic activity and spontaneous chromosome mutations can give rise to drug resistance. New drugs that additionally have novel mechanisms of action and no cross-resistance to current first-line drugs are needed.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Spanish

20.

Rifampin is safe for treatment of pruritus due to chronic cholestasis: a meta-analysis of prospective randomized-controlled trials.

Author: KhuranaSandeep, SinghPankaj

Low hepatotoxicity
Pruritus resolution
Side effects

Rifampin was safe and effective for the treatment of pruritus due to chronic cholestasis, with a low risk of hepatotoxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

22.

Diagnosis and management of latent tuberculosis.

Author: TuretzMeredith L, MaKevin C

Reduced tuberculosis risk
Isoniazid side effects

Identification of those with LTBI is important as it allows treatment of those at highest risk of progression to active disease and thus decreases the overall burden of tuberculosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

[Antimycobacterial activities of rifamycin derivatives].

Author: KuzeF

Effective antituberculosis
Lower MICs than RFP

Newly synthesized rifamycin derivatives showed significantly lower MICs than rifampicin against M. tuberculosis and M. avium complex.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Japanese

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