Effects of secobarbital: A Synthesis of Findings from 10 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Secobarbital, a barbiturate, has been studied for its effects on various aspects of human health and behavior. investigated the effects of secobarbital and methamphetamine on the contingent negative variation amplitude, a brain electrical activity. examined the respiratory effects of N-allylnormorphine in secobarbital sodium narcosis, highlighting the potential for interactions with other drugs. 2 compared the efficacy and side effects of flurazepam and a combination of amobarbital and secobarbital in insomniac patients, finding that the barbiturate combination was more effective in inducing and maintaining sleep. explored the effects of chlorpromazine and secobarbital on the performance of chronic schizophrenic subjects under different reinforcement conditions.

examined the hypnotic effects of codeine and secobarbital and their interaction in humans. focused on the dissimilar effects of chlorpromazine and secobarbital on specific cognitive tests. studied the psychological effects of chlorpromazine and secobarbital on visual and motor behavior. investigated the effects of alcohol and secobarbital on information processing. 9 examined the potential metabolic interaction between cannabidiol (CBD) and secobarbital, finding that CBD does not appear to inhibit secobarbital metabolism.

researched the respiratory effects of pentobarbital and secobarbital in clinical doses. 3 explored the effects of secobarbital on recall and recognition in a levels-of-processing paradigm, finding that secobarbital impaired recall even when processing was guided. 7 assessed the sensitivity of human cognitive functions to methamphetamine and secobarbital. compared the psychological effects of acute and chronic administration of chlorpromazine and secobarbital in schizophrenic patients. studied the effects of secobarbital and d-amphetamine on psychomotor performance of normal subjects. examined the effects of antimotion sickness drugs and secobarbital on postural equilibrium functions.

10 investigated the stimulatory effects of secobarbital and pregnanolone on the GABAA receptor. explored the effects of amphetamine, secobarbital, and athletic performance on judgment. 1 examined the dose effects of secobarbital in a Sternberg memory scanning task. studied the effects of secobarbital on aggressive and non-aggressive responding of normal male subjects. investigated the potentiation and antagonism of some effects of secobarbital and pentobarbital by hydergine in rats. 4 examined the effects of secobarbital on human aggressive and non-aggressive responding.

6 explored the stereoselective behavioral effects of pentobarbital and secobarbital isomers in pigeons. compared the hypnotic effects of secobarbital, methaqualone, and placebo in normal subjects and psychiatric patients. 5 investigated the effects of d-amphetamine, secobarbital, and diazepam on monologue speech.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Secobarbital has been used as a treatment for insomnia. 2 found that a combination of amobarbital and secobarbital was more effective than placebo or flurazepam in inducing and maintaining sleep. It has also been used in the treatment of schizophrenia. found that secobarbital had different psychological effects on schizophrenic patients depending on whether the administration was acute or chronic. found that secobarbital affected the psychomotor performance of normal subjects.

Risk Summary

Secobarbital is a drug with a potential for dependence and abuse. 5 found that secobarbital increased the amount of monologue speech. It can also cause respiratory depression, coma, and death. highlighted the impact of N-allylnormorphine on respiration in secobarbital-induced narcosis. It can also have harmful effects on a fetus when used during pregnancy.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Secobarbital has consistently been shown to impact sleep in multiple studies. and 2 demonstrated its effectiveness in inducing and maintaining sleep. Similarly, many studies have found that secobarbital influences cognitive functions. 3 , 1 , and 7 highlighted its effects on recall, recognition, and reaction time in cognitive tasks.

Differences in Studies

The effects of secobarbital can vary depending on factors such as individual differences, dosage, interactions with other drugs, and the specific type of behavior being studied. 1 found that different doses of secobarbital had varying impacts on reaction time in a memory scanning task. 9 indicated that CBD did not inhibit secobarbital metabolism, but demonstrated the potential for interactions with other drugs like N-allylnormorphine. 4 found that secobarbital had different effects on aggressive and non-aggressive responding, highlighting the potential for varied behavioral impacts.

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

The impact of secobarbital on sleep is consistent across multiple studies. and 2 found it effective for inducing and maintaining sleep. However, its effects on cognitive function are less consistent. While 3 , 7 found it to affect recall, recognition, and reaction time, indicated differing effects compared to chlorpromazine on cognitive tests. These varying findings suggest the influence of individual differences, dosage, interactions with other medications, and the specific cognitive tasks involved.

Implications for Everyday Life

Secobarbital is a potentially addictive and abused drug with significant risks. 5 demonstrated its ability to increase monologue speech. It can also cause respiratory problems, coma, and death. highlighted the impact of N-allylnormorphine on respiration in secobarbital-induced narcosis. It can also harm a fetus if used during pregnancy. If you are considering using secobarbital, it is crucial to consult a medical professional and follow their instructions carefully.

Limitations of Current Research

The research on secobarbital's effects is limited in scope. Further research is needed to fully understand its effects on different individuals, with various dosages, and in combination with other medications. The specific effects on different types of behavior and cognitive functions also require more investigation.

Future Research Directions

To further explore the effects of secobarbital, future research should focus on: * Investigating the effects of various secobarbital dosages in greater detail. * Conducting detailed studies on interactions between secobarbital and other medications. * Exploring the impact of secobarbital on a wider range of behaviors and cognitive functions.

Conclusion

Secobarbital, a barbiturate, has been studied for its effects on sleep, cognition, and behavior. While it has been shown to be effective for insomnia, it comes with risks of dependence, abuse, and serious side effects. It is essential to exercise caution and consult with a medical professional before using secobarbital. Further research is necessary to better understand its effects and ensure safe and appropriate use.

Literature analysis of 10 papers
Positive Content
4
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
5
Article Type
2
0
0
0
10
1.

Dose effects of secobarbital in a Sternberg memory scanning task.

Author: WilliamsH L, RundellO H, SmithL T

Slowed reaction time

This study investigated the effects of secobarbital, a barbiturate, on reaction times in a memory-scanning task in human volunteers. Both doses of secobarbital significantly slowed reaction time. The discriminability of the probe stimulus interacted with the barbiturate, producing a hyperadditive effect on reaction time, only at the high dose.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Efficacy and side effects of flurazepam and a combination of amobarbital and secobarbital in insomniac patients.

Author: LinnoilaM, ErwinC W, LogueP E

Improved sleep
Few side effects

Barbiturates are more effective than flurazepam and placebo in inducing and maintaining sleep.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Secobarbital effects on recall and recognition in a levels-of-processing paradigm.

Author: WilliamsH L, RundellO H

Cognitive impairment

Secobarbital impaired recall performance, even with guided item processing. This suggests that the drug primarily affects encoding rather than retrieval processes.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

4.

Effects of secobarbital on human aggressive and non-aggressive responding.

Author: CherekD R, SpigaR, SteinbergJ L

Increases aggression

Secobarbital, a barbiturate, increased aggressive responding and decreased non-aggressive responding in human subjects in a laboratory setting, suggesting a potential for aggression-related side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

Stereoselective behavioral effects of the isomers of pentobarbital and secobarbital in the pigeon.

Author: WengerG R, DonaldJ M, CunnyH C

The isomers of pentobarbital and secobarbital have different effects on food-maintained behavior in pigeons. The S-(-)-isomers were more potent than the R-(+)-isomers in suppressing responding under a fixed-interval schedule and in increasing punished responding under a variable-interval schedule.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Sensitivity of some human cognitive functions to effects of methamphetamine and secobarbital.

Author: MohsR C, TinklenbergJ R, RothW T, KopellB S

Methamphetamine effect
Secobarbital effect

Methamphetamine and secobarbital had the most significant impact on time production and learning tasks requiring long-term memory. They did not significantly affect other memory tasks, such as learning and memory scanning.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

8.

Dose effects of secobarbital in a Sternberg memory scanning task.

Author: WilliamsH L, RundellO H, SmithL T

Slowed reaction time

This study investigated the effects of secobarbital, a barbiturate, on reaction times in a memory-scanning task in human volunteers. Both doses of secobarbital significantly slowed reaction time. The discriminability of the probe stimulus interacted with the barbiturate, producing a hyperadditive effect on reaction time, only at the high dose.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

9.

Influence of cannabidiol on secobarbital effects and plasma kinetics.

Author: DaltonW S, MartzR, RoddaB E, LembergerL, ForneyR B

Cannabidiol (CBD) did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics or clinical effects of secobarbital in humans at the doses tested. CBD did not appear to inhibit secobarbital metabolism.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

10.

The stimulatory effects of secobarbital and pregnanolone on the GABAA receptor can be blocked selectively.

Author: KirknessE F, TurnerA J

Secobarbital and pregnanolone, both stimulators of GABA receptor binding, showed distinct sensitivities to blockade by phenobarbital, avermectin B1a, and picrotoxinin, suggesting separate interaction sites.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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