Effects of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is a medication commonly used to treat hyperkalemia, a condition where there is too much potassium in the blood. It works by binding potassium in the digestive system, reducing the amount of potassium absorbed into the bloodstream. 2 20 3 15 19 11 24 5 23 12 9 22 4 13 1 7 25 6 21 8 17 16 14 10 18

Studies have shown that SZC can effectively lower serum potassium levels in patients with hyperkalemia. 23 10 12 24 1 21 18 It has also been found to be safer than traditional potassium-binding agents, with fewer side effects like constipation. 1 23 25 24

However, SZC is radiopaque, meaning it can interfere with X-ray-based imaging techniques. 2

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

SZC is an effective treatment for hyperkalemia, helping to lower high potassium levels in the blood. 23 10 12 24 1 21 18 Compared to older potassium-binding drugs, SZC is generally safer and causes less constipation. 1 23 25 24

Risk Summary

SZC is radiopaque and can interfere with X-ray-based imaging techniques. 2 It may also cause digestive issues. 23 24 16 25 17 10

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Numerous studies have shown that SZC is effective in lowering serum potassium levels in patients with hyperkalemia. 23 10 12 24 1 21 18 Furthermore, SZC has been found to be safer than traditional potassium-binding drugs, with fewer side effects like constipation. 1 23 25 24

Differences in Studies

There are differences in dosage, duration of treatment, and patient populations across studies. The methods for assessing the efficacy and safety of SZC also vary between studies. 24 15 10 23 1 25 8 18

Consistency and Contradictions of Findings

A number of studies have shown that SZC is effective in lowering serum potassium levels in patients with hyperkalemia. 23 10 12 24 1 21 18 However, more research is needed to determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of SZC. 3 15 8 13 10 23 17

Cautions for Real-World Application

While SZC is a potentially effective treatment for hyperkalemia, it's important to remember that it can interfere with X-ray-based imaging techniques. 2 It can also cause digestive issues. 23 24 16 25 17 10 Therefore, it's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions when using SZC.

Limitations of Current Research

There is a limited amount of research on SZC, especially in terms of long-term safety and effectiveness. 3 15 8 13 10 23 17

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of SZC. Comparative studies comparing SZC to other potassium-binding drugs are also essential. 4 13 10 17

Conclusion

SZC shows promise as a treatment for hyperkalemia. However, more research is necessary to fully understand its long-term safety and effectiveness. It is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions when using SZC.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
23
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
1
3
3
10
25
1.

Effects and Safety of a Novel Oral Potassium-Lowering Drug-Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: ZhangYaru, XuRuiling, WangFanghao, LiuYouxia, XuJunying, ZhaoNa, ChengFajuan, LongLihong, JiaJunya, LinShan

Long-term normokalemia
Rapid reduction of serum potassium

Oral sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is a novel potassium binder capable of achieving a rapid reduction of serum potassium (sK<sup>+</sup>) and maintaining a long-term normokalemia. This meta-analysis summarizes and evaluates the effects surrounding SZC in patients with hyperkalemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Radiopacity of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate in Computed Tomography: a case of a patient with Hyperkalemia and kidney disease.

Author: AngioiAndrea, FlorisMatteo, LeporiNicola, CabidduGianfranca, PaniAntonello

Imaging interference

Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (SZC) can interfere with diagnostic imaging due to its radiopacity. This can create challenges for clinicians and radiologists, as illustrated by the case of a 34-year-old male.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

A phase 3 multicenter open-label maintenance study to investigate the long-term safety of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in Japanese subjects with hyperkalemia.

Author: KashiharaNaoki, YamasakiYoshimitsu, OsonoiTakeshi, HaradaHiromasa, ShibagakiYugo, ZhaoJune, KimHyosung, YajimaToshitaka, SaraiNobuaki

Hyperkalemia treatment
Adverse events

This phase 3, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, flexible-dose study found that sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) treatment was well tolerated by Japanese patients and potassium levels were well controlled after a year of exposure.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

4.

Novel potassium binders to optimize RAASi therapy in heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: PaolilloStefania, BasileChristian, Dell'AversanaSimona, EspositoImmacolata, ChiricoAlfonsina, ColellaAngela, EspositoGennaro, SantoMariafrancesca Di, FierroMaria Francesca, CarboneFrancesca, MarzanoFederica, AmatoChiara, GargiuloPaola, Perrone FilardiPasquale

Optimized HF treatment
Reduced potassium levels
Hyperkalemia
Mortality risk

This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of novel potassium binders (NPB) on the optimization of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy in heart failure (HF) patients. NPBs were shown to effectively reduce potassium levels and allow for continued RAASi therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Management of hyperkalemia in children.

Author: JanjuaHalima

Hyperkalemia management
Pediatric health

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the management of hyperkalemia in children, highlighting the causes, life-threatening effects, and treatment options.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Use of potassium-binder patiromer for up-titration of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition therapy in a patient with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction followed in a multidisciplinary integrated chronic care management programme: a case report.

Author: Jiménez-MarreroSantiago, EnjuanesCristina, YunSergi, Comín-ColetJosep

CHF treatment

This review discusses the use of potassium binders patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS-9) to manage hyperkalemia in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

7.

Role of Hyperkalemia in Heart Failure and the Therapeutic Use of Potassium Binders.

Author: SarwarChaudhry M S, BhagatAditi A, AnkerStefan D, ButlerJaved

Treats Hyperkalemia
Side Effects

This chapter reviews the pathophysiology of hyperkalemia and discusses the use of novel potassium-lowering compounds, patiromersorbitex calcium and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, for the treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia in at-risk populations, particularly those with heart failure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Optimizing Therapies in Heart Failure: The Role of Potassium Binders.

Author: ScicchitanoPietro, IacovielloMassimo, MassariFrancesco, De PaloMicaela, CaldarolaPasquale, MannariniAntonia, PassantinoAndrea, CicconeMarco Matteo, MagnesaMichele

HF treatment
Side effects of potassium binders

This narrative review discusses the impact of new potassium binders, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) and patiromer, in the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients with hyperkalemia (HK). SZC and patiromer have shown efficacy in reducing serum potassium levels, promoting the correct upgrade of therapies, and having low side effect rates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Efficacy and safety of potassium binders in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia.

Author: DongLingqiu, XuWeidong, DengYi, TanJiaxing, QinWei

Hyperkalemia treatment

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS), patiromer, and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) are drugs that are used to treat high potassium levels in people with chronic kidney disease. The best option for patients is unclear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

An evaluation of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate: a new treatment option for hyperkalaemia in China.

Author: LuYuan, LiuBi-Cheng, LiuHong

Hyperkalemia treatment

This abstract discusses hyperkalemia, a common complication of chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and heart failure, associated with a higher risk of mortality. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), a new oral potassium-lowering drug, provides an additional treatment option for patients in China.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

[Management of hyperkalemia in Nephrology and Cardiology clinics: reality and perspectives].

Author: De NicolaLuca, GarofaloCarlo, ProvenzanoMichele, GrossetoDaniele, MagnaniGiulia, PulignanoGiovanni

Cardiovascular event reduction
End-stage renal disease reduction
Mortality reduction
Hyperkalemia

This review examines the shared aspects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (CHF), emphasizing the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASI) in managing both conditions. It also discusses the challenges of hyperkalemia induced by RAASI and explores new drug options for its management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

15.

A Phase 3b, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for Reducing the Incidence of Predialysis Hyperkalemia.

Author: FishbaneSteven, FordMartin, FukagawaMasafumi, McCaffertyKieran, RastogiAnjay, SpinowitzBruce, StaroselskiyKonstantin, VishnevskiyKonstantin, LisovskajaVera, Al-ShurbajiAyman, GuzmanNicolas, BhandariSunil

Reduced hyperkalemia

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for predialysis hyperkalemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

[Hyperkalemia treatment in chronic kidney disease patients: overview on new K binders and possible therapeutic approaches].

Author: De StefanoToni, BorrelliSilvio, GarofaloCarlo, ProvenzanoMichele, De NicolaLuca, MinutoloRoberto, ConteGiuseppe

Hyperkalaemia treatment
CKD
Hyperkalaemia

High potassium levels are common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can cause weakness, paralysis, heart problems, and death. New medications like Patiromer and ZS-9 are more effective than older treatments for high potassium levels, with fewer side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

19.

New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia in Patients Treated with Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors.

Author: TamargoJuan, CaballeroRicardo, DelpónEva

Hyperkalemia treatment

Patiromer calcium and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS-9) are novel polymer-based agents that can help control hyperkalemia in patients taking RAASIs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Management of Chronic Hyperkalemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Old Problem With News Options.

Author: MoralesEnrique, CravediPaolo, ManriqueJoaquin

Hyperkalemia Treatment
Potassium Binders
RAASi

This review discusses hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, highlighting the challenges of managing this condition and the potential benefits of newer potassium binders like patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
NewsMedia reports that provide information on the latest events and information. Newspapers, television, and the Internet are the main media.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate increases serum bicarbonate concentrations among patients with hyperkalaemia: exploratory analyses from three randomized, multi-dose, placebo-controlled trials.

Author: RogerSimon D, SpinowitzBruce S, LermaEdgar V, FishbaneSteven, AshStephen R, MartinsJulian G, QuinnCarol Moreno, PackhamDavid K

Hyperkalemia treatment
Kidney function preservation

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is a medication that binds potassium in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing high potassium levels in the blood. This analysis of three clinical trials found that SZC also increased serum bicarbonate levels, which may be beneficial for kidney function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease.

Author: NatalePatrizia, PalmerSuetonia C, RuospoMarinella, SaglimbeneValeria M, StrippoliGiovanni Fm

CKD management
Hyperkalemia treatment
GI side effects

Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high potassium levels in the blood, often seen in people with kidney disease. This review discusses the different types of potassium-binding medications available for treating hyperkalemia, including newer options like patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. The review aims to provide guidance on the effectiveness and tolerability of these medications for individuals with kidney disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

24.

Patiromer for the treatment of hyperkalemia.

Author: ColbertGates B, PatelDhwanil, LermaEdgar V

Hyperkalemia reduction

Patiromer, a newer oral potassium-binding agent, is an alternative to sodium polystyrene sulfonate for treating hyperkalemia. This review focuses on the use of patiromer for reducing hyperkalemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

The efficacy and safety of new potassium binders on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor optimization in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: AbuelazmMohamed, BadrAmr, TurkmaniMustafa, AminMostafa Atef, AminAhmed Mazen, AboutalebAya, GowailyIbrahim, SolimanYoussef, AbdelazeemBasel

Heart failure management
Hyperkalaemia prevention
Hypokalaemia

This meta-analysis examined the efficacy and safety of new potassium binders (NPBs) in patients with heart failure receiving guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). NPBs were associated with successful mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) optimization, reduced hyperkalaemic episodes, and an acceptable safety profile.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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