Side Effects of sorafenib: A Synthesis of Findings from 12 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Sorafenib is a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 6 The management of sorafenib-related side effects is improving. 2 A meta-analysis of 16 studies showed that the occurrence of sorafenib-related side effects, such as diarrhea, hypertension, and hand-foot skin reaction, is associated with a better overall survival (OS) in sorafenib-treated HCC patients. 6 This suggests that side effects may be linked to sorafenib's effectiveness.

A case report showed that sorafenib and axitinib, both tyrosine kinase inhibitors, can lead to pancreatic side effects in patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma. 7

Reasons for Side Effects

Sorafenib's side effects are thought to arise from its inhibition of various protein kinases. 11 These protein kinases are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, blood vessel formation, and immune responses. 11 When sorafenib blocks these protein kinases, it can disrupt normal cellular processes, leading to side effects.

Common Side Effects

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the most common side effects of sorafenib. 6

Hypertension

Hypertension is another common side effect of sorafenib. 6

Hand-foot Syndrome

Hand-foot syndrome is a common side effect of sorafenib. 6 Hand-foot syndrome can cause pain, swelling, redness, and numbness in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. 11

Skin Side Effects

Sorafenib can cause various skin side effects. 12 These include dryness, rash, itching, keratosis, and perforating folliculitis. 12

Other Side Effects

Sorafenib can also cause other side effects. 6 These include hypothyroidism, proteinuria, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, muscle aches, joint aches, and fever. 6

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Diarrhea

To manage diarrhea, staying hydrated is crucial. 6 Using antidiarrheal medications is also effective. 6

Hypertension

For hypertension, using antihypertensive drugs is effective. 6

Hand-foot Syndrome

Managing hand-foot syndrome may involve reducing the dosage of sorafenib. 12 Additionally, using moisturizers, cooling, and warming can also be helpful. 12

Skin Side Effects

To address skin side effects, using moisturizers and steroid ointments can be effective. 12

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Multiple studies have confirmed that sorafenib is effective in treating HCC. 6 They have also shown that sorafenib can cause several side effects. 6

Differences between Studies

The effectiveness and frequency of sorafenib's side effects vary depending on the study. 6 This could be due to differences in patient characteristics, treatment methods, and other factors. 6

Points to Note Regarding Real-life Application

Sorafenib is a drug effective in treating HCC, but it has a risk of side effects. 6 Before starting sorafenib, it's crucial to consult with your doctor to understand the risks and benefits of side effects. 6

Limitations of Current Research

There is still a need for more research on the side effects of sorafenib. 6 Further research is necessary to gain a more complete understanding of sorafenib's side effects. 6

Future Research Directions

The development of new treatments to minimize sorafenib's side effects is essential. 6 Additionally, research is needed to identify patients who are at higher risk for experiencing these side effects. 6

Conclusion

Sorafenib is an effective drug for treating HCC, but it carries the risk of certain side effects. 6 It's essential to consult with your doctor before starting sorafenib to understand the risks and benefits of side effects. 6

Literature analysis of 12 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
0
1
1
3
12
2.

Sorafenib: Experience and Better Manage-ment of Side Effects Improve Overall Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Real-Life Retrospective Analysis.

Author: RaoulJean-Luc, AdhouteXavier, PenarandaGuillaume, PerrierHervé, CastellaniPaul, OulesValérie, BourlièreMarc

Sorafenib for HCC

Improvements in the use of sorafenib seem to be associated with better outcomes limited to patients with disease control (DC) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Effects and Side Effects of Using Sorafenib and Sunitinib in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Author: Randrup HansenCaroline, GrimmDaniela, BauerJohann, WehlandMarkus, MagnussonNils E

mRCC treatment
Hypertension

Targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), but the role of sorafenib and sunitinib remains important. This review discusses the current utility, adverse effects, and future directions for sorafenib, sunitinib, and newer targeted therapies in the management of mRCC.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Development of sorafenib-related side effects in patients diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib: a systematic-review and meta-analysis of the impact on survival.

Author: Abdel-RahmanOmar, LamarcaAngela

Improved survival
Diarrhea
Hand-foot skin reaction
Hypertension

This meta-analysis examined the association between sorafenib-related side effects and overall survival (OS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The analysis found that patients who developed diarrhea, hypertension, or hand-foot skin reaction had significantly better OS than those who did not.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

A Case of Pancreatic Side Effects Resulting from Sorafenib and Axitinib Treatment of Stage IV Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Author: KitamuraYosuke, YoshiiHidehiko, NishimotoKoshiro, ShinchiYusuke, TokonabeShigeki, TakaoMasaya, DaidoYuichiro

Pancreatic side effects

This case report describes a patient who experienced pancreatic side effects from both sorafenib and axitinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitors used to treat certain cancers.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Efficiency and side effects of sorafenib therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study by the anatolian society of medical oncology.

Author: BerkVeli, KaplanMehmet Ali, TonyaliOnder, BuyukberberSuleyman, BalakanOzan, OzkanMetin, DemirciUmut, OzturkTurkan, BiliciAhmet, TastekinDidem, OzdemirNuriye, UnalOlcun Umit, OflazogluUtku, TurkmenEsma, ErdoganBulent, UyeturkUmmugul, OksuzogluBerna, CinkirHavva Yesil, YasarNurgul, GumusMahmut

Improved quality of life
Increased life expectancy

Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, shows significant improvements in life expectancy and quality of life for patients with inoperable and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated the efficacy and side effects of sorafenib therapy in Turkey.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

9.

Cutaneous side effects of combined therapy with sorafenib and pegylated interferon alpha-2b in metastatic melanoma (phase II DeCOG trial).

Author: DegenAnnette, WeichenthalMichael, UgurelSelma, TrefzerUwe, KilianKatharina, GarbeClaus, EgbertsFriederike, PoppeLìdia Marilia, HauschildAxel, GutzmerRalf

Melanoma treatment
Side effects

The study analyzed the cutaneous side effects observed during a clinical study with combined therapy of sorafenib and pegylated interferon alpha-2b.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

11.

[Cutaneous side effects of the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib].

Author: WollenbergA, StaehlerM, EamesT

Malignant tumor treatment
Cutaneous side effects

Molecular targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies and low molecular weight inhibitors is gaining importance in the treatment of malignant tumors. The multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib have a favorable tolerability profile but can induce specific cutaneous side effects, which can be indicators of antitumor activity.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

12.

Perforating folliculitis, angioedema, hand-foot syndrome--multiple cutaneous side effects in a patient treated with sorafenib.

Author: WolberCarola, UdvardiAstrid, TatzreiterGeorg, SchneebergerAchim, Volc-PlatzerBeatrix

Angioedema
Hand-foot syndrome
Perforating folliculitis

Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can induce a variety of cutaneous side effects. This case report describes a patient with clear cell renal cell carcinoma who developed angioedema, hand-foot syndrome, and perforating folliculitis while on sorafenib, with the latter three occurring in a dose-dependent manner.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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