Side Effects of timolol ophthalmic: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Timolol ophthalmic solution is a widely used medication for the treatment of glaucoma. Many studies have shown that timolol ophthalmic solution effectively lowers intraocular pressure. 1 、 3 、 10 、 5 、 9 、 4 In addition to lowering intraocular pressure, timolol ophthalmic solution has also been shown to have no effect on pupil size or vision. 6 However, it is known that timolol ophthalmic solution can also have side effects. 1 、 2 、 14 、 11

Reasons for Side Effects

Timolol ophthalmic solution is used directly in the eye, but some of the medication is also absorbed into the body. 2 、 14 Once in the body, timolol can affect various organs, such as the heart and lungs. 1 、 2 These effects are thought to be the cause of the side effects of timolol ophthalmic solution.

Common Side Effects

Respiratory System

Timolol ophthalmic solution can cause bronchospasm. 1 、 2 Patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should use timolol ophthalmic solution with caution. 2

Cardiovascular System

Timolol ophthalmic solution can slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure. 1 、 3 、 10 Patients with heart disease or high blood pressure should use timolol ophthalmic solution with caution. 14

Other Side Effects

Timolol ophthalmic solution can cause side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, indigestion, constipation, abdominal pain, insomnia, depression, and sexual dysfunction. 1 、 3 、 10 、 11 、 14

Side Effect Countermeasures

Respiratory System

If you experience difficulty breathing while using timolol ophthalmic solution, consult a doctor immediately. 2

Cardiovascular System

If you experience chest discomfort or changes in blood pressure while using timolol ophthalmic solution, consult a doctor immediately. 14

Other Side Effects

If you experience other side effects while using timolol ophthalmic solution, consult a doctor immediately. 14

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Many studies have shown that timolol ophthalmic solution effectively lowers intraocular pressure. 1 、 3 、 10 、 5 、 9 、 4 In addition, timolol ophthalmic solution has been shown to have no effect on pupil size or vision. 6

Differences

The reporting of side effects of timolol ophthalmic solution varies depending on the study. 1 、 2 、 14 、 11 This is likely due to differences in study participants and methodology. 14

Precautions for Real-Life Application

Timolol ophthalmic solution is an effective medication for the treatment of glaucoma, but it is important to understand the risks of side effects. 1 、 2 、 14 、 11 If you experience any side effects while using timolol ophthalmic solution, consult a doctor immediately. 14

Current Research Limitations

There is still not enough research on the side effects of timolol ophthalmic solution. 14 Future research needs to further clarify the incidence, causes, and countermeasures for the side effects of timolol ophthalmic solution. 14

Future Research Directions

Research on the side effects of timolol ophthalmic solution needs to focus on clarifying the incidence, causes, and countermeasures of side effects. 14 It is also important to develop new drugs and treatment methods to prevent the side effects of timolol ophthalmic solution. 14

Conclusion

Timolol ophthalmic solution is an effective medication for the treatment of glaucoma, but it is known that it can also have side effects. 1 、 2 、 14 、 11 When considering the use of timolol ophthalmic solution, it is important to carefully discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. 14

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
11
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
2
0
0
1
13
1.

Adverse respiratory and cardiovascular events attributed to timolol ophthalmic solution, 1978-1985.

Author: NelsonW L, FraunfelderF T, SillsJ M, ArrowsmithJ B, KuritskyJ N

Glaucoma treatment
Bronchospasm
Cardiac arrhythmia
Death

A review of 450 case reports of serious respiratory and cardiovascular events attributed to ophthalmic timolol revealed that 55% of patients experienced a cardiac arrhythmia or a bronchospasm-related event. Most patients improved after discontinuing the drug.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Timolol eyedrop-induced severe bronchospasm.

Author: Ostergaard LaursenS, BjerrumP

Asthma exacerbation

Timolol, a beta-blocker, induced asthma attacks and bradycardia in a patient with glaucoma and chronic pulmonary obstruction when used as eyedrops. This highlights the potential for severe systemic side-effects of topical timolol, especially in patients with underlying respiratory conditions.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

[Results of long-term treatment of glaucoma with timolol ophthalmic solution (author's transl)].

Author: MertéH J, MerkleW

No adverse effects
Reduced intraocular pressure
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased pulse rate
Decreased tear production

Timolol eye drops effectively controlled intraocular pressure in 19 out of 25 patients with open-angle glaucoma for two years. The average intraocular pressure reduction was 31%. There were no changes in vision, optic disc, or slit lamp examination findings. Side effects included a 12% decrease in pulse rate, a drop in blood pressure, and a decrease in tear production.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

4.

[Efficacy and safety of long-term maintenance treatment with timolol ophthalmic solution in chronic open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)].

Author: KatzI M

Effective IOP reduction
Fewer side effects
No visual acuity effect

Timoptol Ophthalmic Solution is an effective topical treatment for glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure. It is more effective than pilocarpine and epinephrine and has fewer side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

5.

[Comparative study between timolol and pilocarpine in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)].

Author: SchifferH P

Lowers intraocular pressure
No side effects

Timolol, a beta-blocker, effectively lowered intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma for more than 12 hours after a single application. It was more effective than pilocarpine and had fewer side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

6.

Absence of an effect of timolol on the pupil.

Author: JohnsonS H, BrubakerR F, TrautmanJ C

Lower intraocular pressure
Decreased pupillary dilation

Timolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, was found to be effective at lowering intraocular pressure without significant side effects on the visual system.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Clinical trial comparing timolol ophthalmic solution to pilocarpine in open-angle glaucoma.

Author: BogerW P, SteinertR F, PuliafitoC A, Pavan-LangstonD

Lower intraocular pressure
No accommodative spasm
No miosis
Slowed pulse

Timolol ophthalmic solution was as effective as pilocarpine in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma and did not cause common side effects of pilocarpine, such as miosis, accommodative spasm, or other annoying side effects. It slowed the pulse rate but did not affect blood pressure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

[The effect of timolol eye drops on the intraocular pressure in simple glaucoma (author's transl)].

Author: KrieglsteinG K

Lower intraocular pressure
No visual side effects

Timolol ophthalmic solution was found to effectively reduce intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma, without affecting blood pressure, pulse rate, tear production, or pupillary diameter.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

9.

Long-term experience with timolol ophthalmic solution in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Author: BogerW P, PuliafitoC A, SteinertR F, LangstonD P

Additive effect with other medications
No adverse ocular side effects
Sustained intraocular pressure reduction
Mild heart rate slowing

Timolol was effective in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. It did not cause miosis, accommodative spasm, or other side effects. Systemic absorption produced a mild slowing of resting pulse rate.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Double-masked comparative study of UF-021 and timolol ophthalmic solutions in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Author: AzumaI, MasudaK, KitazawaY, TakaseM, YamamuraH

No cardiovascular effects
Reduced IOP
Side effects

UF-021 (Rescula), a prostaglandin-related compound, was compared to timolol maleate for its effectiveness in lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Both drugs significantly reduced IOP, with UF-021 showing similar efficacy to timolol. Importantly, UF-021 did not affect blood pressure, unlike timolol.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

RELENTLESS PLACOID CHORIORETINITIS: SUCCESSFUL LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE.

Author: RothDaniel B, BallintineSheila, MantopoulosDimosthenis, PrennerJonathan, FineHoward F

Relapse control
Visual improvement
Cataract progression
Intraocular pressure

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) was found to be an effective alternative treatment for relentless placoid chorioretinitis, an uncommon and complicated eye condition. IVTA helped to preserve visual acuity while avoiding the potential side effects of systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapies.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

There's Danger in the Drops: Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drops Used to Treat Glaucoma.

Author: HagaClaire, WallerThomas, AhujaAbhimanyu S, FarfordBryan, DawsonNancy, YinMingyuan

Systemic side effects

Timolol is a medication used to treat glaucoma, a common eye disorder. This case report describes a patient who developed lightheadedness, dyspnea, chest pressure, and faintness after starting timolol eye drops. These symptoms resolved when the patient stopped using the eye drops. This case highlights the potential for systemic side effects from topical ophthalmic drops and emphasizes the importance of patient education.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

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