Side Effects of tramadol: A Synthesis of Findings from 12 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic that is often used for moderate pain. 、 8 、 9 、 7 、 12 、 11 、 4 、 10 、 1 、 5 、 3 、 2 、 6 . Studies have shown that tramadol is effective for pain management and may have a favorable potency and side effect profile for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) compared to oxycodone. 8 . Tramadol, like other opioids, can cause side effects such as nausea, constipation, dependence, and respiratory depression. 9 . Tramadol can also cause a life-threatening side effect called serotonin syndrome. 5 . Tramadol works by binding to the mu-opioid receptor and inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. 6 . The side effects of tramadol vary depending on individual constitution, dosage, and duration of use. 12 . Furthermore, tramadol has been reported to cause seizure and hypoglycemia. .

Reasons for Side Effects

Tramadol works by binding to the mu-opioid receptor and inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. 6 . These actions cause various side effects. For example, side effects such as nausea, constipation, dependence, and respiratory depression are caused by binding to the opioid receptor. 9 . Serotonin syndrome is caused by serotonin reuptake inhibition. 5 .

Common Side Effects

Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects of tramadol. 7 、 8 、 4 、 2 . Nausea and vomiting caused by opioids are caused by activation of the vomiting center. 3 .

Constipation

Constipation has been reported as a side effect of tramadol. 7 、 4 . Opioids inhibit intestinal peristalsis, causing constipation. 9 .

Dependence

Tramadol can be addictive. 9 . Tramadol binds to the opioid receptor and activates the reward system in the brain, leading to dependence.

Respiratory Depression

Tramadol can cause respiratory depression. 9 . Opioids suppress the respiratory center, leading to respiratory depression. 8 .

Serotonin Syndrome

Tramadol can cause serotonin syndrome. 5 . Serotonin syndrome is caused by excessive serotonin activity. Tramadol can inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, leading to excessive serotonin activation. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include fever, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, confusion, and tremors. 5 .

Seizure

Tramadol has been reported to cause seizure. .

Hypoglycemia

Tramadol has been reported to cause hypoglycemia. .

Other Side Effects

Tramadol can also cause side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, sweating, headache, and fatigue. 7 、 12 .

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Nausea and Vomiting

Antiemetics such as metoclopramide are effective for nausea and vomiting caused by tramadol. 2 . It is also effective to take tramadol after meals or in small doses.

Constipation

Laxatives are effective for constipation caused by tramadol. It is also important to eat a diet high in fiber and drink plenty of fluids.

Dependence

Tramadol can be addictive. Therefore, it is important to take it as directed by your doctor and not stop taking it without consulting your doctor.

Respiratory Depression

Tramadol can cause respiratory depression. If you experience difficulty breathing or a decrease in respiratory rate, consult your doctor immediately.

Serotonin Syndrome

If you experience symptoms of serotonin syndrome, consult your doctor immediately. Serotonin syndrome can be life-threatening, so proper treatment is necessary.

Seizure

If you have a history of seizures, you should talk to your doctor about the risks of taking tramadol.

Hypoglycemia

If you have diabetes, you should talk to your doctor about the risks of taking tramadol.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities in Research

Several studies have shown that tramadol is effective for pain management. 8 、 4 . Tramadol is also commonly associated with side effects such as nausea, constipation, dependence, and respiratory depression. 9 、 7 、 2 .

Differences in Research

Studies vary in the frequency and severity of tramadol side effects. This could be due to differences in study subjects and methods. 12 . Tramadol, when used in combination with other medications, may alter the frequency and severity of side effects. 5 .

Precautions for Application in Daily Life

It is important to take tramadol as directed by your doctor. Do not stop taking it or change the dosage without consulting your doctor. Tramadol can be addictive, so if you do not follow your doctor's instructions, you may be at risk of addiction. Tramadol, when used in combination with other medications, may alter the frequency and severity of side effects. Therefore, it is important to consult your doctor before taking it. 5 . You should be aware that tramadol has been reported to cause seizure and hypoglycemia. . If you have a history of seizures or diabetes, you should discuss the risks of taking tramadol with your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of tramadol is still not comprehensive. 12 . Because the side effects of tramadol vary depending on individual constitution, dosage, and duration of use, more research is needed.

Future Research Directions

Research on the side effects of tramadol should consider various factors, such as individual constitution, dosage, duration of use, and the use of other medications. 12 . Research on prevention and treatment of tramadol side effects is also needed.

Conclusion

Tramadol is an effective synthetic opioid analgesic for moderate pain, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, constipation, dependence, and respiratory depression. 9 、 7 . Tramadol can also cause serotonin syndrome, so it is important to take it as directed by your doctor. 5 . Research on the side effects of tramadol is still not comprehensive, so more research is needed. 12 . It is important to be aware of the potential side effects of tramadol, including seizures and hypoglycemia. . If you have any concerns, talk to your doctor.

Literature analysis of 12 papers
Positive Content
9
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
3
Article Type
5
0
0
3
12
1.

[Patient-controlled analgesia with lornoxicam in patients undergoing gynecological surgery].

Author: GongZ Y, YeT H, QinX T, YuG X, GuoX Y, LuoA L

Effective pain relief
Fewer adverse events

Lornoxicam provides an alternative to morphine or tramadol for the treatment of postoperative pain, with fewer adverse events.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Chinese

2.

[Patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol and tramadol/droperidol mixture after abdominal hysterectomy: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial].

Author: LiuGuo-kai, HuangYu-guang, LuoAi-lun, ZhangYun-fei, RenHong-zhi

Postoperative analgesia
Reduced nausea
Reduced vomiting

The combination of tramadol and droperidol is superior to tramadol alone for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia. Both treatments provided adequate analgesia, but the combination resulted in significantly less nausea and vomiting and reduced the need for sedatives.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Chinese

3.

A small-dose naloxone infusion alleviates nausea and sedation without impacting analgesia via intravenous tramadol.

Author: JiaDong-Lin, NiCheng, XuTing, ZhangLi-Ping, GuoXiang-Yang

Reduced nausea
Reduced sedation
Reduced vomiting

A small dose of naloxone infusion reduced tramadol-induced side effects without reversing its analgesic effects in patients undergoing cervical vertebrae surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Acute pain and side effects after tramadol in breast cancer patients: results of a prospective double-blind randomized study.

Author: BesicNikola, SmrekarJaka, StrazisarBranka

Improved analgesia
Less pain
Constipation
Mild side effects

This prospective, double-blind study compared two regimens of tramadol with paracetamol for postoperative pain management in breast cancer patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Tramadol, Pharmacology, Side Effects, and Serotonin Syndrome: A Review.

Author: BeakleyBurton D, KayeAdam M, KayeAlan D

Serotonin syndrome

This article discusses serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening syndrome associated with excessive serotonergic activity within the central nervous system. It highlights the increasing number of reports involving the use of tramadol.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Tramadol hydrochloride: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse side effects, co-administration of drugs and new drug delivery systems.

Author: VazzanaM, AndreaniT, FangueiroJ, FaggioC, SilvaC, SantiniA, GarciaM L, SilvaA M, SoutoE B

Anxiety relief
Depression relief
Pain relief
Fast metabolization
Multiple doses
Side effects

Tramadol hydrochloride (TrHC) is a pain reliever with potential benefits for anxiety and depression. However, its rapid metabolism and excretion necessitate frequent dosing, leading to side effects. This study explores the potential of developing a novel topical drug delivery system for TrHC to address these limitations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

[Side effects of tramadol: 12 years of experience in the Netherlands].

Author: KabelJ S, van PuijenbroekE P

Pain relief
Constipation
Nausea
Withdrawal symptoms

Tramadol, a synthetic opioid, is often used as an analgesic. This report from the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb highlights frequently reported side effects of tramadol, including nausea, constipation, and withdrawal symptoms. Because tramadol is often not recognized as an opioid, it is crucial to recognize these opiate effects as potential adverse drug reactions.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Dutch

8.

Efficacy and side effects of tramadol versus oxycodone for patient-controlled analgesia after maxillofacial surgery.

Author: SilvastiM, TarkkilaP, TuominenM, SvartlingN, RosenbergP H

Analgesia
No respiratory depression
Nausea

This study compared tramadol with oxycodone in PCA after maxillofacial surgery. Tramadol was found to provide adequate analgesia after maxillofacial surgery without risk of respiratory depression. However, the incidence of nausea was slightly greater in the tramadol group than in the oxycodone group.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Tramadol induces apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rat choroid plexus.

Author: MehranpourMaryam, MoghaddamMeysam Hassani, AbdollahifarMohammad-Amin, SalehiMitra, AliaghaeiAbbas

Tramadol side effects

Tramadol, a commonly prescribed analgesic, can cause side effects such as emotional instability and anxiety. This study explores the potential role of the choroid plexus (CP), the primary source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in mediating these side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Influence of the Dose and Frequency of Administration of Tramadol on Analgesia, Hematological, Biochemical Parameters, and Oxidative Status of Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy.

Author: SchimitesPaula Ivanir, MartinsLeticia Reginato, TeixeiraLuciana Gonçalves, TomioJessica, SegatHecson, BaccinPery, LisboaAna Paula Backes, de AndradeCinthia Melazzo, de OliveiraJuliana Sorraila, DornellesGuilherme Lopes, EngelmannAna Martiele, de OliveiraRenan Bonotto, BenettiLaura Camerini, SoaresAndré Vasconcelos

Postoperative analgesia

This study evaluated the effects of repeated subcutaneous administration of tramadol on postoperative analgesia, liver, kidneys, and oxidative status in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Tramadol administered at 2 mg/kg every 8 hours was found to be the most effective dose for postoperative pain management in cats, without causing significant side effects.

Randomized Controlled Trial, VeterinaryRandomized controlled trials involving animals. They evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment methods.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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