Side Effects of zafirlukast: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Zafirlukast is a leukotriene inhibitor that is commonly used to treat asthma. 3 reported that zafirlukast, while effective in asthma prophylaxis, could cause Churg-Strauss syndrome. 6 showed that zafirlukast is safe and effective for treating mild-to-moderate asthma in Black (Nigerian) patients. 9 demonstrated that zafirlukast has an anti-inflammatory effect in bronchial asthma. 24 revealed that zafirlukast can promote insulin secretion. 22 suggested that zafirlukast could potentially reduce the invasion of gliomas.

Reasons for Side Effects

Zafirlukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, which works by blocking the effects of leukotrienes, thus alleviating allergy symptoms like asthma. However, leukotrienes play diverse roles in various parts of the body. Therefore, inhibiting their effects through zafirlukast could lead to a variety of side effects.

Common Side Effects

Headache

Headache is a common side effect of zafirlukast. 6 reported headache in three patients. However, these headaches were not considered to be related to the treatment.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a common side effect of zafirlukast. 6 reported pneumonia in three patients. However, these pneumonias were not considered to be related to the treatment.

Churg-Strauss syndrome

Churg-Strauss syndrome is a serious side effect of zafirlukast. 3 reported a case of a 54-year-old man who developed Churg-Strauss syndrome while taking zafirlukast. and 7 also suggested a link between zafirlukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Liver Damage

Zafirlukast can induce liver enzymes and potentially cause liver damage. 10 expressed concerns regarding the potential hepatotoxicity of zafirlukast.

Side Effect Management

Headache

If you experience headache, try over-the-counter pain relievers or rest. If the symptoms persist, consult your doctor.

Pneumonia

If you experience pneumonia, seek medical attention and receive appropriate treatment.

Churg-Strauss syndrome

Churg-Strauss syndrome is a life-threatening condition. If you experience symptoms of this condition, seek immediate medical attention.

Liver Damage

If you experience symptoms of liver damage, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of liver damage include jaundice, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Many studies have shown that zafirlukast is effective in treating asthma. Additionally, most studies have indicated that zafirlukast is a relatively safe drug.

Differences

Some studies have shown that zafirlukast may cause serious side effects, such as Churg-Strauss syndrome. On the other hand, other studies have shown that the side effects of zafirlukast are mild. These differences in research findings could be attributed to factors such as varying study designs and participant characteristics.

Cautions for Real-Life Application

While zafirlukast is effective in treating allergy symptoms like asthma, it can also cause serious side effects. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking zafirlukast. If you experience any unusual symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.

Current Research Limitations

Research on the side effects of zafirlukast is still inadequate. Especially, long-term side effects remain largely unknown. Therefore, continuous research is necessary to better understand the safety of zafirlukast.

Future Research Directions

To further investigate the side effects of zafirlukast, long-term follow-up studies are needed. Additionally, it's essential to conduct fundamental research to uncover the mechanisms behind zafirlukast's side effects.

Conclusion

Zafirlukast is an effective treatment for allergy symptoms such as asthma, but it can also cause serious side effects. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking zafirlukast. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience any unusual symptoms.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Safe and effective yellow fever vaccine
1
Convenient dosing
Few side effects
2
Asthma prophylaxis
3
Reduced exacerbations
4
Control sinonasal polyposis
5
Improved lung function
Reduced asthma symptoms
Reduced beta 2-agonist use
6
Asthma treatment
7
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment
8
Airway remodeling
Asthma treatment
9
Improved airway function
Reduced asthma symptoms
10
Improved asthma symptoms
Improved pulmonary function
Improved quality of life
Reduced corticosteroid use
11
Asthma symptom control
Lung function improvement
Reduced beta2-agonist need
12
Improved lung function
Reduced bronchoconstriction
13
Oral infection treatment
Zafirlukast efficacy
14
Antibiotic target
15
Early detection of hepatotoxicity
16
Improved efficacy
Increased potency
17
Treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
18
Treat allergic rhinitis
Treat aspirin-intolerant asthma
Treat atopic dermatitis
Treat chronic urticaria
Treat exercise-induced asthma
Treat persistent asthma
19
Allergic fungal disease treatment
Allergic rhinitis treatment
Asthma treatment
Atherosclerosis treatment
Atopic dermatitis treatment
Cancer treatment
Capsular contracture treatment
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment
Chronic urticaria treatment
Cystic fibrosis treatment
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders treatment
Eosinophils cystitis treatment
Exercise induced asthma treatment
Interstitial lung disease treatment
Migraine treatment
Nasal polyposis treatment
Otitis media treatment
Pancreatitis treatment
Paranasal sinus disease treatment
Respiratory syncytial virus postbronchiolitis treatment
Rhinitis treatment
Systemic mastocytosis treatment
Vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment
20
Aspirin-induced asthma
21
Anti-migratory effect
Inhibits MMP-2 and MMP-9
Potential glioblastoma treatment
22
CysLT1R antagonism
safer and more effective drugs
23
Increased insulin secretion
Reduced glucose levels
24
Asthma control
25
Risk Keywords
Fever
Pain
Vomiting
1
Churg-Strauss syndrome
2
Churg-Strauss syndrome
3
Liver enzyme elevation
4
Headaches
Pneumonia
6
Churg-Strauss syndrome
7
Side effects
8
Liver toxicity
10
Low incidence of side effects
11
Antibiotic resistance
Chlorhexidine side effects
14
Drug-induced liver disease
16
None reported
17
Minimal side effects
19
Mild side effects
22
low effectiveness
side effects
23
Side effects
25
Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
2
0
1
10
25
1.

Safety and efficacy of yellow fever vaccine in children less thanone-year-old.

Author: OsinusiK, AkinkugbeF M, AkinwolereO A, FabiyiA

Safe and effective yellow fever vaccine
Fever
Pain
Vomiting

Yellow fever vaccine was found to be safe and fairly effective in infants. In a clinical trial of 77 children aged seven to eight months, the most significant side effect was fever, occurring in 15.6% of children within 48 hours of vaccination and 12.9% within 10 days. Seroconversion rates were lower than those reported in adults and older children.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with zafirlukast.

Author: KnoellD L, LucasJ, AllenJ N

Convenient dosing
Few side effects
Churg-Strauss syndrome

Zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is a new drug for persistent asthma. While zafirlukast is well tolerated, a case of Churg-Strauss syndrome developed in a 47-year-old patient with moderate persistent asthma who was receiving zafirlukast therapy. The patient's symptoms resolved after discontinuation of zafirlukast and administration of corticosteroids.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Vasculitis induced by zafirlukast therapy.

Author: SoyM, OzerH, CanatarogluA, GumurduluD, ErkenE

Asthma prophylaxis
Churg-Strauss syndrome

Zafirlukast, a leukotriene inhibitor, was associated with the development of Churg-Strauss syndrome in a patient with mild asthma.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Addition of anti-leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma.

Author: DucharmeF

Reduced exacerbations
Liver enzyme elevation

High dose anti-leukotrienes reduced exacerbations in patients with asthma when used as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids, but there is no evidence to support their use at currently licensed doses. There is no evidence that they have a corticosteroid-sparing effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Acute effects of antileukotrienes on sinonasal polyposis and sinusitis.

Author: ParnesS M, ChumaA V

Control sinonasal polyposis

This study evaluated the efficacy of zileuton and zafirlukast in controlling sinonasal polyposis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Efficacy and safety of Zafirlukast ('Accolate') in the management of patients with mild-to-moderate asthma.

Author: ChukwuC, OkpapiJ, IgeM O, ObodoJ O

Improved lung function
Reduced asthma symptoms
Reduced beta 2-agonist use
Headaches
Pneumonia

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in black patients with mild to moderate asthma. Zafirlukast was found to be effective in improving lung function and reducing asthma symptoms, and it was well tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

7.

Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with zafirlukast.

Author: HollowayJ, FerrissJ, GroffJ, CraigT J, KlinekM, KlinikM

Asthma treatment
Churg-Strauss syndrome

Zafirlukast, a leukotriene modifier, has been associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome, a rare vasculitis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

[Leukotriene modifiers in the treatment of asthma].

Author: AlvarezJ

Airway remodeling
Asthma treatment

Leukotrienes play a role in asthma. Leukotriene modifiers are effective anti-inflammatory agents in bronchial asthma and may have clinical applications in COPD, allergic rhinitis, and chronic urticaria.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Spanish

10.

The use of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment of chronic asthma.

Author: SorknessC A

Improved airway function
Reduced asthma symptoms
Liver toxicity

Antiinflammatory agents, such as leukotriene synthesis inhibitors and leukotriene receptor antagonists, are being developed to treat asthma without the potential risks of corticosteroid therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Role of antileukotriene agents in asthma therapy.

Author: GawchikS M, SaccarC L

Improved asthma symptoms
Improved pulmonary function
Improved quality of life
Reduced corticosteroid use
Low incidence of side effects

Leukotrienes play a significant role in asthma by causing airway constriction and inflammation. Antileukotriene agents, such as zafirlukast, montelukast, and zileuton, effectively improve asthma symptoms and reduce the need for corticosteroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

[The role of leukotrienes in inflammation and leukotriene inhibitors].

Author: KupczykM, KunaP

Asthma symptom control
Lung function improvement
Reduced beta2-agonist need

This study describes the use of leukotriene inhibitors in the treatment of asthma. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators that contribute to asthma symptoms. Leukotriene inhibitors block the production or action of leukotrienes and can improve lung function and reduce the need for other asthma medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Polish

13.

[Clinical pharmacology of leucotriene inhibitors].

Author: PaggiaroP L, BancalariL, DenteF L

Improved lung function
Reduced bronchoconstriction

ICI 204,219 ('accolate'), a receptor antagonist active by the oral route, has been proven capable of preventing bronchoconstriction induced by several stimuli and of improving symptoms and lung function in spontaneous asthma.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

15.

Type 2 NADH Dehydrogenase Is the Only Point of Entry for Electrons into the Streptococcus agalactiae Respiratory Chain and Is a Potential Drug Target.

Author: LencinaAndrea M, FranzaThierry, SullivanMatthew J, UlettGlen C, IpeDeepak S, GauduPhilippe, GennisRobert B, Schurig-BriccioLici A

Antibiotic target

This study investigated the respiratory chain of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>, a pathogen causing neonatal meningitis and sepsis. The researchers found that the bacterium uses only one NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) and one cytochrome <i>bd</i> oxygen reductase for respiration. NDH-2 is crucial for virulence and could be a target for drug development.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Important elements for the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury.

Author: AgarwalVijay K, McHutchisonJohn G, HoofnagleJay H,

Early detection of hepatotoxicity
Drug-induced liver disease

This study assesses the extent to which published case reports of drug-induced liver disease include sufficient clinical data for interpreting the cause of toxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

An Innovative High-Throughput Screening Approach for Discovery of Small Molecules That Inhibit TNF Receptors.

Author: LoChih Hung, VunnamNagamani, LewisAndrew K, ChiuTing-Lan, BrummelBenjamin E, SchaafTory M, GrantBenjamin D, BawaskarPrachi, ThomasDavid D, SachsJonathan N

Treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

This study identified two small-molecule compounds, zafirlukast and triclabendazole, that inhibit TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) activation by targeting receptor-receptor interactions, rather than ligand binding.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

19.

Leukotriene inhibitors in the treatment of allergy and asthma.

Author: ScowDean Thomas, LuttermoserGary K, DickersonKeith Scott

Treat allergic rhinitis
Treat aspirin-intolerant asthma
Treat atopic dermatitis
Treat chronic urticaria
Treat exercise-induced asthma
Treat persistent asthma
Minimal side effects

Leukotriene inhibitors are effective for the treatment of persistent asthma, exercise-induced asthma, and allergic rhinitis, but are less effective than inhaled corticosteroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Antileukotriene drugs: clinical application, effectiveness and safety.

Author: RiccioniG, BucciarelliT, ManciniB, Di IlioC, D'OrazioN

Allergic fungal disease treatment
Allergic rhinitis treatment
Asthma treatment
Atherosclerosis treatment
Atopic dermatitis treatment
Cancer treatment
Capsular contracture treatment
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment
Chronic urticaria treatment
Cystic fibrosis treatment
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders treatment
Eosinophils cystitis treatment
Exercise induced asthma treatment
Interstitial lung disease treatment
Migraine treatment
Nasal polyposis treatment
Otitis media treatment
Pancreatitis treatment
Paranasal sinus disease treatment
Respiratory syncytial virus postbronchiolitis treatment
Rhinitis treatment
Systemic mastocytosis treatment
Vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are effective in treating asthma and allergic rhinitis by blocking Cys-LT(1) receptors. Recent studies show that LTRAs are also beneficial in treating other diseases associated with asthma, such as exercise-induced asthma, rhinitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in diseases not related to asthma, such as migraine, cystic fibrosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

[Aspirin induced asthma, urinary leukotriene E4 and zafirlukast].

Author: Orea SolanoModesto, Flores SandovalGraciela, Machado CFidel, RomeroHumberto, Santos ArgumedoLeopoldo

Aspirin-induced asthma

This study evaluates the efficiency and safety of zafirlukast in patients with aspirin-induced asthma by measuring lung function, daily symptoms, and adverse events.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Spanish

23.

Structure-based mechanism of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibition by antiasthmatic drugs.

Author: LugininaAleksandra, GusachAnastasiia, MarinEgor, MishinAlexey, BrouilletteRebecca, PopovPetr, ShiriaevaAnna, Besserer-OffroyÉlie, LongpréJean-Michel, LyapinaElizaveta, IshchenkoAndrii, PatelNilkanth, PolovinkinVitaly, SafronovaNadezhda, BogorodskiyAndrey, EdelweissEvelina, HuHao, WeierstallUwe, LiuWei, BatyukAlexander, GordeliyValentin, HanGye Won, SarretPhilippe, KatritchVsevolod, BorshchevskiyValentin, CherezovVadim

CysLT1R antagonism
safer and more effective drugs
low effectiveness
side effects

This study determined the crystal structures of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1R bound to two antagonists, zafirlukast and pranlukast. The structures revealed unique ligand-binding modes and signaling mechanisms, providing insights for developing safer and more effective drugs targeting CysLT1R.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

25.

Comparison of second controller medications in addition to inhaled corticosteroid in patients with moderate asthma.

Author: YurdakulA S, CalişirH C, TunçtanB, OgretensoyM

Asthma control
Side effects

Long-acting beta2-agonist, leukotriene antagonists, and sustained-release theophylline have all been shown to be effective in improving asthma control in patients with moderate persistent asthma. However, long-acting beta2-agonist (formoterol) resulted in significantly greater and earlier improvements compared to the other two treatments.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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