Side Effects of zaleplon: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Research Findings

Zaleplon is a short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia. Several studies have investigated the effectiveness and safety of zaleplon. 9 found that zaleplon significantly reduced subjective sleep latency and improved subjective sleep quality in elderly patients with insomnia. 17 showed that zaleplon improved sleep quality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. However, 10 reported adverse events associated with zaleplon and other insomnia medications in a regulatory database and online patient reviews.

Reasons for side effects

The side effects of zaleplon are likely due to its pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic properties. Zaleplon works by acting on GABA receptors in the brain, which suppresses brain activity. While this effect helps induce and maintain sleep, it can also cause side effects. 3 suggests that zaleplon, similar to benzodiazepines, may lead to side effects like tolerance to the hypnotic effect, rebound insomnia, next-day drowsiness, amnesia, and complex behaviors such as sleepwalking, sleep-eating, and sleep-driving. These side effects are attributed to zaleplon's suppression of brain activity and its disruption of the sleep-wake cycle.

Common Side Effects

Next-day residual drowsiness

Although zaleplon is short-acting, 18 suggests that it can cause residual drowsiness the next day. This is especially true for elderly patients, as their metabolism is slower and the effects may linger longer. 15 found that zaleplon-induced naps could help improve recovery from sleep deprivation, but the side effects of zaleplon lasted for at least two hours after taking the drug.

Amnesia

18 mentions that zaleplon can cause memory impairment, particularly difficulty remembering events within a few hours of taking the drug. This is attributed to zaleplon's effect on the brain's memory centers.

Complex behaviors

3 suggests that zaleplon might lead to complex behaviors like sleepwalking, sleep-eating, and sleep-driving. These behaviors occur after taking the medication and before consciousness fully returns.

Tolerance

3 points out that long-term use of zaleplon can result in reduced effectiveness as the body adapts to the drug.

Rebound insomnia

3 indicates that discontinuing zaleplon can lead to insomnia recurring. This is due to the drug disrupting the sleep-wake cycle, and the body needing time to re-establish its natural sleep rhythm.

Dependence

14 highlights that zaleplon has the potential to cause dependence. It's crucial to avoid long-term use and follow the doctor's instructions when taking the drug.

Side Effects Management

Next-day residual drowsiness

Avoid driving or operating dangerous machinery after taking zaleplon. Consult your doctor if drowsiness persists.

Amnesia

After taking zaleplon, refrain from memorizing crucial information or making significant decisions.

Complex behaviors

Be cautious about sleepwalking, sleep-eating, or sleep-driving after taking zaleplon. If you are susceptible to such behaviors, avoid using zaleplon.

Tolerance

Avoid long-term use of zaleplon and follow your doctor's instructions. Long-term use can lead to tolerance.

Rebound insomnia

If you need to stop taking zaleplon, follow your doctor's instructions for gradual tapering. Abruptly stopping the medication can cause rebound insomnia.

Dependence

Avoid long-term use of zaleplon and follow your doctor's instructions. If you experience symptoms of dependence, consult your doctor.

Comparing Studies

Similarities

Many studies indicate that zaleplon is effective in treating insomnia. Additionally, studies suggest that zaleplon may have fewer side effects compared to benzodiazepines.

Differences

The effects and side effects of zaleplon can vary between patients and studies. For example, elderly patients may experience weaker effects and more pronounced side effects from zaleplon. 9 found that zaleplon improved sleep in elderly patients, but 3 noted similar side effects as benzodiazepines, including tolerance, rebound insomnia, and amnesia. The variability in zaleplon's effects and side effects underscores the importance of consulting with a doctor to find the best treatment approach.

Real-Life Implications and Precautions

While zaleplon can effectively treat insomnia, it comes with the risk of side effects. Exercise caution when driving or operating machinery. Additionally, remember that zaleplon can cause dependence. Follow your doctor's instructions for taking the medication and avoid self-adjusting the dose or discontinuing the medication without consulting your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

Long-term safety and efficacy data for zaleplon are limited. Additionally, zaleplon can interact with other medications, so consulting a doctor to ensure the safety of taking zaleplon is crucial.

Future Research Directions

Further research is necessary to understand the long-term safety and efficacy of zaleplon. More research is also needed to fully understand the interactions of zaleplon with other medications.

Conclusion

Zaleplon is a potentially effective medication for insomnia, but it comes with side effects. If you are considering taking zaleplon, consult your doctor to find the best treatment approach for you. Remember to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery and avoid taking zaleplon without your doctor's supervision.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Safe and effective yellow fever vaccine
1
Insomnia treatment
2
Insomnia treatment
3
Insomnia treatment
4
Benzodiazepine discontinuation
5
Improved sleep latency
Increased total sleep time
6
Improved sleep quality
Reduced addiction
Reduced tolerance
Reduced toxicity
7
Improved safety profile
Treat insomnia in elderly
9
Patient information
Postmarketing safety data
10
Chronic orofacial pain management
Insomnia treatment
11
Pharmacological treatments for insomnia
12
Improved sleep
13
Improved impulse inhibition
15
Predicts drug metabolism
16
Reduced sleep latency
Sleep quality improvement
17
Insomnia management
18
Insomnia treatment
19
Anxiety improvement
Insomnia treatment
Mood improvement
20
Improved sleep quality
21
Insomnia treatment
22
Sleep improvement
24
Insomnia treatment
25
Insomnia treatment
26
Personalized insomnia treatment
27
Behavioral therapy efficacy
Insomnia treatment
28
Improved sleep quality
Reduced daytime residual side effects
29
Risk Keywords
Fever
Pain
Vomiting
1
Side effects
2
Drowsiness
Rebound insomnia
Tolerance
3
Residual sedation
Side effects
4
Dementia
Fractures
Residual daytime sedation
Serious injury
Somnolence
6
Cognitive disorders
Dependence
Hangover effects
Muscle atonia
Rebound insomnia
Respiratory inhibition
7
Attempted to stop medication
Side effects
Wished to stop medication
8
Rebound insomnia
9
Reliability concerns
10
Drug interactions
Substance abuse
11
Side effects
13
Abuse potential
Dependence
Withdrawal
14
Delayed recovery
Side effects
15
Abuse potential
Dependence
Next-day effects
Tolerance
18
Limited data
Side effect profile
20
Addiction
Dependence
Tolerance
21
Daytime drowsiness
Death risk
Dependency
Dizziness
Memory troubles
Withdrawal syndrome
22
Anxiety
Cognitive dysfunction
Dependence
Hangover
Muscular atonia
Rebound insomnia
Respiratory inhibition
Tolerance
23
Hypoventilation
24
Side effects
25
BZD/Z-drug side effects
27
Hypnotic use risks
Long-term effects
28
Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
23
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
3
Article Type
5
1
1
15
29
1.

Safety and efficacy of yellow fever vaccine in children less thanone-year-old.

Author: OsinusiK, AkinkugbeF M, AkinwolereO A, FabiyiA

Safe and effective yellow fever vaccine
Fever
Pain
Vomiting

Yellow fever vaccine was found to be safe and fairly effective in infants. In a clinical trial of 77 children aged seven to eight months, the most significant side effect was fever, occurring in 15.6% of children within 48 hours of vaccination and 12.9% within 10 days. Seroconversion rates were lower than those reported in adults and older children.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Zolpidem: Efficacy and Side Effects for Insomnia.

Author: EdinoffAmber N, WuNatalie, GhaffarYahya T, PrejeanRosemary, GremillionRachel, CogburnMark, ChamiAzem A, KayeAdam M, KayeAlan D

Insomnia treatment
Side effects

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or nonrestorative sleep. The most effective treatments involve cognitive behavioral therapy in conjunction with pharmacotherapy. Zolpidem is one of the most used hypnotics for insomnia, but it has a wide variety of adverse effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Reintroduction of quazepam: an update on comparative hypnotic and adverse effects.

Author: MoniriNader H

Insomnia treatment
Drowsiness
Rebound insomnia
Tolerance

This review provides an update on quazepam, a benzodiazepine recently reintroduced for insomnia treatment. Quazepam's unique pharmacological characteristics, including selectivity for sleep-promoting GABA-A receptors, suggest a decreased rate of adverse events compared to other benzodiazepines.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of short-acting hypnosedatives: zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone.

Author: DroverDavid R

Insomnia treatment
Residual sedation
Side effects

This abstract compares zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone, newer sedative hypnotic agents, to benzodiazepines. While these newer drugs share some mechanism with benzodiazepines, they have a more selective action on GABA receptors, potentially resulting in a more favorable clinical profile with fewer side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Effectiveness of a blended care programme for the discontinuation of benzodiazepine use for sleeping problems in primary care: study protocol of a cluster randomised trial, the Big Bird trial.

Author: CoteurKristien, Van NulandMarc, VanmeerbeekMarc, HenrardGilles, AnthierensSibyl, Van den BroeckKris, De SutterAn, CreupelandtHanne, DevroeyDirk, Van OvermeireRoel, OffermansAnne-Marie, KacenelenbogenNadine, LaenenAnnouschka, MatheiCatharina

Benzodiazepine discontinuation

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a blended care approach for the discontinuation of benzodiazepine use in primary care.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Review of Safety and Efficacy of Sleep Medicines in Older Adults.

Author: SchroeckJennifer L, FordJames, ConwayErin L, KurtzhaltsKari E, GeeMegan E, VollmerKrista A, MergenhagenKari A

Improved sleep latency
Increased total sleep time
Dementia
Fractures
Residual daytime sedation
Serious injury
Somnolence

This review focuses on the safety and efficacy of medications used to treat insomnia in older adults. Cognitive behavioral therapy and sleep hygiene are considered initial therapy for insomnia. Benzodiazepines are discouraged in the geriatric population, especially for long-term use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

[Recent progress in development of psychotropic drugs (5)--Hypnotics].

Author: OhtaT

Improved sleep quality
Reduced addiction
Reduced tolerance
Reduced toxicity
Cognitive disorders
Dependence
Hangover effects
Muscle atonia
Rebound insomnia
Respiratory inhibition

This article discusses the progress made in developing safer and more effective hypnotics, particularly non-benzodiazepine derivatives, to address the side effects associated with conventional hypnotics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Japanese

8.

Magic bullets for insomnia? Patients' use and experiences of newer (Z drugs) versus older (benzodiazepine) hypnotics for sleep problems in primary care.

Author: SiriwardenaA Niroshan, QureshiM Zubair, DyasJane V, MiddletonHugh, OrnerRoderick

Attempted to stop medication
Side effects
Wished to stop medication

A survey of 705 patients taking Z drugs or benzodiazepines for insomnia found no significant difference in patients' perceptions of efficacy or side-effects between the two groups.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Zaleplon shortens subjective sleep latency and improves subjective sleep quality in elderly patients with insomnia. The Zaleplon Clinical Investigator Study Group.

Author: HednerJ, YaecheR, EmilienG, FarrI, SalinasE

Improved safety profile
Treat insomnia in elderly
Rebound insomnia

Zaleplon was found to be an effective and safe hypnotic for the treatment of insomnia in the elderly.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Adverse Events Due to Insomnia Drugs Reported in a Regulatory Database and Online Patient Reviews: Comparative Study.

Author: BorchertJill S, WangBo, RamzanaliMuzaina, SteinAmy B, MalaiyandiLatha M, DineleyKirk E

Patient information
Postmarketing safety data
Reliability concerns

This abstract discusses the potential of online drug reviews as a source of postmarketing safety data but questions their reliability due to lack of professional review and verification.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

An update of management of insomnia in patients with chronic orofacial pain.

Author: AlmozninoG, HavivY, SharavY, BenolielR

Chronic orofacial pain management
Insomnia treatment
Drug interactions
Substance abuse

This review discusses the management of chronic orofacial pain (COFP) patients with insomnia. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended, addressing both pain and insomnia using non-pharmacological and pharmacological modalities.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Comparative effects of pharmacological interventions for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: De CrescenzoFranco, D'AlòGian Loreto, OstinelliEdoardo G, CiabattiniMarco, Di FrancoValeria, WatanabeNorio, KurtulmusAyse, TomlinsonAnneka, MitrovaZuzana, FotiFrancesca, Del GiovaneCinzia, QuestedDigby J, CowenPhil J, BarbuiCorrado, AmatoLaura, EfthimiouOrestis, CiprianiAndrea

Pharmacological treatments for insomnia

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults. While behavioral, cognitive, and pharmacological interventions are effective for insomnia, medications are more widely used due to resource limitations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

Treatment of primary insomnia.

Author: RingdahlErika N, PereiraSusan L, DelzellJohn E

Improved sleep
Side effects

Insomnia affects many adults, ranging from occasional sleeplessness to long-term difficulties. The article discusses the various ways to diagnose and treat insomnia, emphasizing non-pharmacological approaches as effective and safe options. It also mentions different medications available for short-term use, including those with minimal side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

A visual ERP study of impulse inhibition following a zaleplon-induced nap after sleep deprivation.

Author: ZhangQianru, LiaoYang, QiJianlin, ZhaoYongqi, ZhuTianli, LiuZhaohui, LiuXufeng

Improved impulse inhibition
Delayed recovery
Side effects

This study examined the side effects of a zaleplon-induced nap as a countermeasure for reducing impulse inhibition function decline following 30 hours of sleep deprivation (SD) using event-related brain potentials. The researchers found that zaleplon may help subjects recover or maintain impulse inhibition function, although the drug’s side effects persist for at least 2 hours after administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Current status of prediction of drug disposition and toxicity in humans using chimeric mice with humanized liver.

Author: KitamuraShigeyuki, SugiharaKazumi

Predicts drug metabolism

This review discusses the use of human-chimeric mice with humanized livers as a valuable tool for drug development and safety testing. These mice provide a more accurate model for predicting human drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological effects compared to traditional rodent models.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Zaleplon improves sleep quality in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Author: SabbatiniMassimo, CrispoAnna, PisaniAntonio, RagostaAnnalisa, CesaroAntonio, MirenghiFrancesco, CianciarusoBruno, FedericoStefano

Reduced sleep latency
Sleep quality improvement

Zaleplon, a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug, was found to significantly improve sleep quality in maintenance hemodialysis patients with insomnia.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

Alliance for Sleep Clinical Practice Guideline on Switching or Deprescribing Hypnotic Medications for Insomnia.

Author: WatsonNathaniel F, BencaRuth M, KrystalAndrew D, McCallWilliam V, NeubauerDavid N

Insomnia treatment

These guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for deprescribing or transitioning between insomnia medications. Tapering is recommended for benzodiazepines and some Z-drugs, but not for other classes of insomnia medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Pharmacological advances in the treatment of insomnia.

Author: RicheySarah M, KrystalAndrew D

Anxiety improvement
Insomnia treatment
Mood improvement
Limited data
Side effect profile

New pharmacological treatments for insomnia are being actively sought.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

GPs' attitudes to benzodiazepine and 'Z-drug' prescribing: a barrier to implementation of evidence and guidance on hypnotics.

Author: SiriwardenaA Niroshan, QureshiZubair, GibsonSteve, CollierSarah, LathamMartin

Improved sleep quality
Addiction
Dependence
Tolerance

This study investigates primary care physicians' perceptions of benefits and risks associated with benzodiazepine and Z-drug use for insomnia, highlighting a discrepancy between perceived and actual benefits and risks.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Emerging role of orexin antagonists in insomnia therapeutics: An update on SORAs and DORAs.

Author: KumarAnil, ChananaPriyanka, ChoudharySupriti

Anxiety
Cognitive dysfunction
Dependence
Hangover
Muscular atonia
Rebound insomnia
Respiratory inhibition
Tolerance

Orexin neuropeptides are regulators of transition between wakefulness and sleep. Orexin receptor antagonists are being developed as novel strategies for the treatment of sleep disorders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

Which medications are safe and effective for improving sleep at high altitude?

Author: LuksAndrew M

Sleep improvement
Hypoventilation

This review article examined various medications studied for improving sleep at high altitude, focusing on their efficacy and safety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

25.

A psychiatric perspective on insomnia.

Author: McCallW V

Insomnia treatment
Side effects

Insomnia is common in depression and should be addressed, as it can worsen outcomes. While benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists are effective hypnotics, their use should be balanced against potential side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

Eszopiclone (Lunesta): a new nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent.

Author: BrielmaierBenjamin D

Insomnia treatment

This study explores the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone, a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic, for the treatment of insomnia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery.

Author: AtkinTobias, ComaiStefano, GobbiGabriella

Personalized insomnia treatment
BZD/Z-drug side effects

This review analyzes the neurobiological and clinical evidence of pharmacological treatments of insomnia, excluding the benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

28.

Diagnosis and treatment of chronic insomnia: a review.

Author: BencaRuth M

Behavioral therapy efficacy
Insomnia treatment
Hypnotic use risks
Long-term effects

Both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies have proven effective in treating insomnia, with nonpharmacologic therapies producing long-lasting and reliable changes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

29.

"A comparison of the effectiveness of two hypnotic agents for the treatment of insomnia".

Author: SchwartzThomas, NihalaniNikhil, VirkSubhdeep, JindalShefali, CostelloAnne, MuldoonRay, AzharNouman, HusseinJuhi, TirmaziSyed

Improved sleep quality
Reduced daytime residual side effects

Trazodone may be more effective than zaleplon in promoting longer, deeper subjective sleep quality for psychiatric inpatients with insomnia. However, zaleplon is better tolerated with fewer daytime residual side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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