Effects of adefovir: A Synthesis of Findings from 18 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Adefovir is an antiviral drug that has been shown to be effective in treating chronic hepatitis B. It works by inhibiting the hepatitis B virus, reducing viral load, and improving liver function. 1 Adefovir has been found to be effective in preventing the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery. 7 Adefovir has been found to be more effective than telbivudine in the treatment of CHB-related HCC. 7 Adefovir can be combined with other antiviral drugs to improve the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients who are resistant to interferon. 15 Adefovir may be able to be delivered through the skin. 18 Studies have shown that adefovir has a low risk of inducing mitochondrial DNA depletion compared to other nucleoside analogs. 8 Adefovir has been shown to improve liver pathology in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Adefovir has been shown to be effective in treating patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B infection. 3 Adefovir has been shown to be effective in combination with nucleoside analogs, such as lamivudine, entecavir, emtricitabine, and telbivudine. 11 Adefovir has been found to be associated with an increase in creatinine levels and a slight impairment of proximal tubular function in kidney transplant patients. 4

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Adefovir is an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B. It can reduce viral load, improve liver function, and has been found to be helpful in preventing the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery.

Risks Summary

Adefovir may cause kidney problems and low phosphorus levels. In patients with kidney problems, adefovir doses should be adjusted. Adefovir may interact with other medications, so it is important to discuss all medications with a doctor before starting adefovir treatment.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities Between Studies

Multiple studies show adefovir to be effective in treating chronic hepatitis B. It has been shown to reduce viral load and improve liver function.

Differences Between Studies

There is a difference in reported side effects of adefovir between different studies. Some studies show an increased risk of kidney problems and low phosphorus levels, while others show no such effects. 2 These differences could be due to variations in the study design, characteristics of participants, or adefovir dosages. Further research is necessary to clarify the side effects of adefovir.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Studies have inconsistent results regarding the side effects of adefovir. This could be due to variations in study design, characteristics of participants, or dosages used. Further research is needed to clarify the side effects of adefovir.

Considerations for Real-World Application

While adefovir is an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects. Adefovir may cause kidney problems and low phosphorus levels. 4 2 Kidney function should be monitored closely in patients taking adefovir, and dosages should be adjusted as needed. If symptoms of low phosphorus levels occur, it is important to seek medical attention. It is also crucial to be aware of any possible interactions between adefovir and other medications.

Limitations of Current Research

Further research is needed to clarify the side effects of adefovir, particularly in regards to kidney function and phosphorus levels. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these side effects. 2

Future Research Directions

Further studies are needed to fully understand the side effects of adefovir, particularly regarding kidney function and phosphorus levels. 2 Additional research is also needed to determine the long-term effects of adefovir treatment and to explore new ways to minimize its side effects.

Conclusion

Adefovir is an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B that can reduce viral load and improve liver function. However, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects, such as kidney problems and low phosphorus levels. 2 4 Close monitoring of kidney function and consultation with a healthcare provider are essential for patients taking adefovir. 4 Further research is needed to better understand the side effects of adefovir and explore new treatment options for chronic hepatitis B.

Literature analysis of 18 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
0
Article Type
5
0
0
0
18
1.

Comparison of the antiviral effects of entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil in chronic HBV infection: a randomized control trial.

Author: JiangY F, HeB, MaJ, LiN-P, GongG-Z, ChengD

ETV and ADV effective for CHB
ETV may be better for HBeAg seroconversion

Entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil are both effective as monotherapy for nucleotide-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B, but entecavir has displayed potential efficacy in HBeAg seroconversion.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

[Adefovir dipivoxil effects on and related factors of blood phosphorus metabolism in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

Author: NingHuibin, LiKuan, LiWei, DingGangqiang, XiaoErhui, MaoZhongshan, KangYi, ShangJia

Low phosphorus levels

This study found that adefovir dipivoxil treatment for chronic hepatitis B can decrease blood phosphorus levels, particularly over extended treatment periods.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Chinese

6.

Inhibitory effects of p-aminohippurate and probenecid on the renal clearance of adefovir and benzylpenicillin as probe drugs for organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3 in humans.

Author: MaedaKazuya, TianYing, FujitaTomoe, IkedaYasuhiko, KumagaiYuji, KondoTsunenori, TanabeKazunari, NakayamaHideki, HoritaShigeru, KusuharaHiroyuki, SugiyamaYuichi

Probe drugs for OAT1 and OAT3
PAH modulation

Adefovir and benzylpenicillin are selective probe substrates for OAT1 and OAT3, respectively. A clinical study showed that probenecid and PAH inhibited the renal clearance of adefovir, while probenecid reduced the clearance of benzylpenicillin, and PAH unexpectedly increased it. These findings suggest that adefovir and benzylpenicillin can be used as probe drugs for OAT1 and OAT3, and PAH can be used to investigate the role of OAT1 in drug excretion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

In vivo effects of antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (adefovir) on cytochrome P450 system of rat liver microsomes.

Author: ZídekZdenek, AnzenbacherPavel, AnzenbacherováEva, BucharEvzen, KmoníckováEva, PotmesilPetr, HolýAntonín

Antiviral
CYP Degradation

Adefovir, an antiviral drug, partially degraded cytochrome P450 protein in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Chemokines, nitric oxide and antiarthritic effects of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (Adefovir).

Author: ZídekZ, FrankováD, HolýA

Anti-RANTES activity
Inhibits arthritic swelling
Reduces splenomegaly

PMEA, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate, inhibited by > 80% arthritic paw swelling, splenomegaly, and fibroadhesive perisplenitis in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Comparison of the antiviral effects of entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil in chronic HBV infection: a randomized control trial.

Author: JiangY F, HeB, MaJ, LiN-P, GongG-Z, ChengD

ETV and ADV effective for CHB
ETV may be better for HBeAg seroconversion

Entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil are both effective as monotherapy for nucleotide-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B, but entecavir has displayed potential efficacy in HBeAg seroconversion.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

Clinical trial: effects of adefovir dipivoxil therapy in Asian and Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Author: LimS G, MarcellinP, TassopoulosN, HadziyannisS, ChangT T, TongM, SievertW, HuP, ArterburnS, BrosgartC L,

Histological improvement

There were no significant differences in treatment response between Asians and Caucasians receiving adefovir dipivoxil therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Adefovir dipivoxil was well tolerated and no resistance developed up to week 48 in both racial groups.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Effects of the combined administration of entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil to improve hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis B patients with interferon resistance.

Author: SunYuqiu, WuKeqin, ShenFei, QiuLing, ChenBinhe, YuLijun, ChangShuzhen

Improved liver function
Lower MELD score
Reduced fibrosis

Combined treatment with entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil significantly improves liver function, hepatic fibrosis, and MELD scores in hepatitis B patients with interferon resistance. A study of 90 patients randomly assigned to either combination therapy or entecavir alone found that the combination group had significantly better outcomes in all measures.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

Effects of entecavir on peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles in chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal responses to adefovir.

Author: ZhangLiwen, WangQuan, ZhaoPingwei, HuXiaoli, JiangYanfang

HBV replication inhibition
Improved liver function

Switching from adefovir to entecavir treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients with suboptimal responses can improve immune function and liver function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Transdermal and dermal delivery of adefovir: effects of pH and permeation enhancers.

Author: VávrováKaterina, LorencováKaterina, KlimentováJana, NovotnýJakub, HolýAntoni N, HrabálekAlexandr

Adefovir skin delivery
Antiviral delivery

This study investigated the feasibility of transdermal and dermal delivery of adefovir, an antiviral drug, through porcine skin. The study found that adefovir could be successfully delivered through the skin, with the highest flux and skin concentration achieved with 1% Transkarbam 12 at pH 4.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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