Side Effects of alectinib: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Alectinib has been shown to be effective in treating ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. 4 However, alectinib can cause serious side effects, many of which affect the lungs. 23 Studies suggest that side effects of alectinib are often seen within one month of starting treatment. 23

Reasons for side effects

Alectinib is a targeted therapy that targets the ALK gene mutation. The ALK gene mutation is known to be involved in the development and growth of lung cancer. Alectinib inhibits the ALK gene mutation to suppress the growth of cancer cells. However, alectinib can bind to other proteins, not just ALK gene mutations. This is thought to be the reason why alectinib causes side effects. 20

Common side effects

Lung toxicity

The most common side effect of alectinib is lung toxicity. Lung toxicity can manifest in various forms, including pneumonia and interstitial lung disease. 24 Studies have shown that approximately 2.1% of patients receiving alectinib experienced lung toxicity. 22 Also, combining alectinib with radiation therapy may increase the risk of lung toxicity. 5

Skin reactions

Alectinib can cause skin reactions. 16 Skin reactions can manifest in various forms, including rash and eczema. 16 Skin reactions from alectinib can be severe. 16

Liver damage

Alectinib can cause liver damage. Liver damage can manifest in various forms, including jaundice and abnormal liver function.

Hyperlipidemia

Alectinib can cause hyperlipidemia. 21 Hyperlipidemia is a condition where blood cholesterol and triglycerides are high. 21 Hyperlipidemia can increase the risk of heart disease. 21

Kidney damage

Alectinib can cause kidney damage. 3 Kidney damage can manifest in various forms, including edema and proteinuria. 3

Side effect management

Lung toxicity

If you experience symptoms of lung toxicity, you should stop taking alectinib. 24 You should also use drugs such as steroids to treat lung toxicity. 24

Skin reactions

If you experience symptoms of skin reactions, you should stop taking alectinib. 16 You should also use drugs such as antihistamines and steroids to treat skin reactions. 16

Liver damage

If you experience symptoms of liver damage, you should stop taking alectinib. You should also use drugs such as steroids to treat liver damage.

Hyperlipidemia

If you experience symptoms of hyperlipidemia, you should make lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. 21 You should also use drugs such as statins to lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides if necessary. 21

Kidney damage

If you experience symptoms of kidney damage, you should stop taking alectinib. 3 You should also use drugs such as steroids to treat kidney damage. 3

Comparison of studies

Commonalities of studies

Many studies have shown that alectinib is effective in treating ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. 4 However, alectinib can cause serious side effects such as lung toxicity. 24

Differences of studies

There are differences in the effectiveness and incidence of side effects of alectinib between studies. 4 This is thought to be due to differences in the patient populations and research methods. 4

Points to note about application to real life

Alectinib has been shown to be effective in treating ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. 4 However, alectinib can cause serious side effects such as lung toxicity. 24 Therefore, it is important to use alectinib under the guidance of a doctor and to fully understand the risks and benefits of side effects. 4

Limitations of current research

Research on the side effects of alectinib is still insufficient. 24 In particular, research on the side effects of alectinib in combination with other drugs is lacking. 13

Future research direction

Research on the side effects of alectinib needs to be further advanced. 24 In particular, research on the side effects of alectinib in combination with other drugs is needed. 13 Also, research on how to detect side effects of alectinib early and provide appropriate treatment is needed. 24

Conclusion

Alectinib has been shown to be effective in treating ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. 4 However, alectinib can cause serious side effects such as lung toxicity. 24 Therefore, it is important to use alectinib under the guidance of a doctor and to fully understand the risks and benefits of side effects. 4 Also, research on the side effects of alectinib needs to be further advanced. 24

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
4
Article Type
0
1
2
7
21
1.

Alectinib-induced rash unresponsive to desensitization: a case report and literature review.

Author: RodriguezRobin Raquel, DindakJessie, KlineJanet, RajMoses S

Alectinib efficacy
NSCLC treatment
Alectinib side effects

This case report and literature review explore the side effects of alectinib, a targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations. The aim is to provide insights into potential adverse events encountered when prescribing alectinib.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Expert consensus of management of adverse drug reactions with anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Author: ZhouF, YangY, ZhangL, ChengY, HanB, LuY, WangC, WangZ, YangN, FanY, WangL, MaZ, YaoY, ZhaoJ, DongX, ZhuB, ZhouC

ALK inhibition
Improved survival for NSCLC patients
Adverse drug reactions

ALK rearrangements are found in about 3%-6% of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) are effective in treating these patients but can cause a range of side effects. This article summarizes the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by ALK-TKIs in China.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors and their effect on the kidney.

Author: BonillaMarco, JhaveriKenar D, IzzedineHassan

NSCLC treatment
Kidney failure
Peripheral edema
Renal cysts

This review provides an update on the kidney-related side effects of ALK inhibitors, such as crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib, used for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with ALK gene rearrangement. Treatment with ALK inhibitors may lead to peripheral edema, electrolyte disorders, kidney failure, proteinuria, and an increased risk of renal cysts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Real-world data on efficacy and safety of first-line alectinib treatment in advanced-stage, ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a Turkish Oncology Group study.

Author: HizalMutlu, BilginBurak, PaksoyNail, KılıçkapSaadettin, AtcıMuhammed Mustafa, KahramanSeda, KeskinkılıçMerve, Bilgetekinİrem, AyhanMurat, TuralDeniz, ErenÖnder, Akkoç MustafayevFatma Nihan, YamanŞebnem, TatlıAli Murat, BayramErtuğrul, KutluYasin, Ertürkİsmail, ÖzcanErkan, GülmezAhmet, KorkmazMustafa, AkagündüzBaran, ErdemDilek, TelliTuğba Akın, AksoyAsude, ÜskentNecdet, İriağaçYakup, BaytemürNaziyet Köse, AydınDinçer, ŞakalarTeoman, ArakHacı, SelçukbiricikFatih, ErgünYakup, KorkmazTaner, AkNaziye, ÜnalÇağlar, AkdenizNadiye, ÖzgünMehmet Alpaslan, ÖksüzoğluBerna, YalçınBülent, Öztopİlhan, AlgınEfnan, SakinAbdullah, AydınerAdnan, YumukPerran Fulden, ŞendurMehmet Ali Nahit

Effective ALK-positive NSCLC treatment
Favorable safety profile

This multicenter study investigated the real-life efficacy and safety of alectinib, a first-line treatment for advanced-stage ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Alectinib demonstrated significant progression-free survival and overall response rate with a favorable safety profile, making it an effective therapy for this indication.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

7.

Enteral administration of alectinib for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer in an elderly patient: A case report.

Author: ThomasQuentin Dominique, PautasMarie, GuilhaumeMarie-Noëlle, FiteniFréderic, GeTony, GirardNicolas

Clinical response
Improved general condition
Radiological response

Enteral administration of alectinib should be considered for elderly patients with an impaired general condition who have lung cancer with oncogenic addiction.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

[Clinical features of the ALK-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients who received first-line alectinib treatment].

Author: HızalMutlu, BilginBurak, ŞendurMehmet Ali, YücelŞebnem, KahramanSeda, ErolCihan, AkıncıBülent, Şener DedeDidem, AlgınEfnan, YalçınBülent

ALK-mutant NSCLC treatment

This study aimed to characterize the pathological, clinical, and demographic features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation who received first-line alectinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in two different centers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Turkish

10.

[Treatment of ALK Positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Alectinib: 
A Case Report and Literature Review].

Author: YangHaixiang, ZhuWei

Treats lung cancer

Alectinib, an ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown promising clinical outcomes in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Early detection and treatment of adverse drug reactions can greatly improve clinical benefits. This report retrospectively analyzes the diagnosis and treatment of an ALK-positive NSCLC patient admitted to Baotou Central Hospital in April 2020, emphasizing the importance of early intervention for adverse drug reactions.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Chinese

12.

Successful Treatment with Ensartinib After Alectinib-induced Hyperbilirubinemia in ALK-Positive NSCLC.

Author: PengLing, XiaoKui, CuiJian, YeXiang-Hua, ZhangYong-Chang, MaoLi, SelvaggiGiovanni, YenJennifer, StebbingJustin

Cancer treatment
Hyperbilirubinemia

A patient with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) developed alectinib-induced hyperbilirubinemia. Treatment with ALSS and discontinuation of alectinib successfully relieved the hyperbilirubinemia. Ensartinib was then used for further treatment.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

13.

Alectinib continuation during COVID 19 'antiviral' treatment: Risk or benefit?

Author: AkkusMehmet Hadi, KamanOmur, DoganMutlu

COVID-19 in cancer

This study examines the use of ALK inhibitors in lung cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV2. There is currently no clear guidance on whether to continue or delay treatment with ALK inhibitors in this population due to the lack of data.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Brigatinib in the first-line treatment of ALK+ metastatic NSCLC: safety and efficacy.

Author: BronteGiuseppe, CafaroAlessandro, PasiniLuigi, PrianoIlaria, AndrikouKalliopi, CraveroPaola, BurgioMarco Angelo, DelmonteAngelo, CrinòLucio

Treats ALK+ NSCLC

This abstract discusses the use of Brigatinib as a first-line treatment for ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Brigatinib demonstrated superior efficacy over Crizotinib and is a promising option for patients with this type of cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Patients with high-grade alectinib-induced skin rash: How do we desensitize these patients? A case report and review of literature.

Author: SeegobinKaran, MajeedUmair, LouYanyan, ZhaoYujie, ManochakianRami

Alectinib reintroduction
Alectinib side effects
Skin rash

Alectinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for lung adenocarcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement. This case report describes a successful desensitization protocol for a patient with grade 3 skin rash secondary to alectinib, allowing reintroduction of the drug at full dose.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

18.

Lorlatinib in previously treated anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: Japanese subgroup analysis of a global study.

Author: SetoTakashi, HayashiHidetoshi, SatouchiMiyako, GotoYasushi, NihoSeiji, NogamiNaoyuki, HidaToyoaki, TakahashiToshiaki, Sakakibara-KonishiJun, MoriseMasahiro, NagasawaTakashi, SuzukiMie, OhkuraMasayuki, FukuharaKei, ThurmHolger, PeltzGerson, NishioMakoto

Tumor shrinkage
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia

This study investigated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lorlatinib, a third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in Japanese patients with ALK-rearranged/ROS1-rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lorlatinib showed clinically meaningful responses, including intracranial responses, and was generally well tolerated in Japanese patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Oncogene-Addicted Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Treatment Opportunities and Future Perspectives.

Author: FerraraMiriam Grazia, Di NoiaVincenzo, D'ArgentoEttore, VitaEmanuele, DamianoPaola, CannellaAntonella, RibelliMarta, PilottoSara, MilellaMichele, TortoraGiampaolo, BriaEmilio

Improved prognosis
NSCLC treatment
Oncogene addiction resistance

This review summarizes the current state of the art regarding targeted therapy options in oncogene-addicted non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The review discusses the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against specific driver mutations, highlighting the importance of personalized medicine in NSCLC treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of drug-induced lung injury by ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A single center retrospective analysis.

Author: KoshikawaKen, TeradaJiro, AbeMitsuhiro, IwasawaShunichiro, SakayoriMasashi, YoshiokaKeiichiro, HirasawaYasutaka, KasaiHajime, KawasakiYohei, TsushimaKenji, TatsumiKoichiro

ALK-TKI treatment
DILI risk

ALK-TKIs are effective treatment for lung cancer with ALK gene rearrangement. However, drug-induced lung injury (DILI) is a serious side effect. This study investigated clinical features and risk factors for DILI caused by ALK-TKIs in clinical practice.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Life-threatening hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis related to alectinib successfully treated by plasmapheresis: A review of the literature on metabolic toxicities associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors.

Author: RaoArundati, ReddyAswanth, DinunnoCorey, ElaliIbrahim

ALK inhibitor response
Unexpected side effects

This study discusses the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the anaplastic lymphoma kinase pathway in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

The incidence of ALK inhibitor-related pneumonitis in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: SuhChong Hyun, KimKyung Won, PyoJunhee, HatabuHiroto, NishinoMizuki

Pneumonitis

This study evaluated the incidence of pneumonitis in clinical trials of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study compared the incidence among different cohorts to identify potential predisposing factors for ALK inhibitor-related pneumonitis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

24.

Lung Toxicity in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Exposed to ALK Inhibitors: Report of a Peculiar Case and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Author: PellegrinoBenedetta, FacchinettiFrancesco, BordiPaola, SilvaMario, GnettiLetizia, TiseoMarcello

Lung toxicity

Lung toxicity is a potential fatal side effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This systematic review assessed the epidemiologic magnitude and clinical significance of lung toxicity in NSCLC patients treated with ALK-TKIs. Lung toxicity was reported in 2.1% of patients, with brigatinib associated with the highest frequency (7%).

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

25.

The next-generation ALK inhibitors.

Author: PallGeorg

ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma

This review discusses the mechanisms of crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas and the development of second-generation ALK inhibitors. Crizotinib is a standard first-line treatment for this type of cancer, but resistance often develops. The review provides an overview of the preclinical background and clinical development of these second-generation inhibitors, which are aimed at overcoming crizotinib resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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