Effects of amiloride: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Amiloride, a sodium channel blocker, has been shown to have various effects in different studies. 11 demonstrated that amiloride inhibits oxygen consumption associated with sodium transport in the human sigmoid colon. 9 found that amiloride inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion of lung cancer stem cells and promotes apoptosis. 3 showed that diuretics containing amiloride have a similar impact on echocardiographic parameters in patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension compared to amlodipine. 2 reported that diuretics containing amiloride are more effective in controlling blood pressure variability compared to amlodipine in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. 8 suggests that amiloride may improve chemotherapy response in canine osteosarcoma cells. 12 found that amiloride has antinociceptive effects in neuropathic pain model rats. 15 demonstrated that amiloride can prevent thiazide-induced diabetes mellitus in patients with essential hypertension. 4 suggests that amiloride may lower parathyroid hormone levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. 6 reported that amiloride can mitigate angiotensin II-induced hypertension in type 1 diabetic mice. 10 found that amiloride has antiseizure activity and neuroprotective effects in a rat model of febrile seizures. 5 demonstrated that amiloride enhances acetylcholine-dependent arterial vasodilation in mice on a high salt diet. 7 found that amiloride affects alamethicin pore formation in negatively charged, gold-supported, phospholipid bilayers. 14 showed that amiloride inhibits ADH-induced sodium transport across frog skin. 13 demonstrated that amiloride can enhance the antiproliferative effects of radiation in glioblastoma multiforme cells. 1 found that aerosolized amiloride is effective in normalizing excessive sodium absorption in cystic fibrosis patients.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Amiloride is a potential treatment for various conditions including hypertension, neuropathic pain, febrile seizures, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and more. It has also shown promise in preventing thiazide-induced diabetes mellitus and enhancing the antiproliferative effects of radiation in certain cancers.

Risk Summary

Amiloride can cause side effects such as hyperkalemia, renal dysfunction, and gastrointestinal symptoms. It can also interact with other medications. It is crucial to consult a doctor before using amiloride.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

These studies consistently suggest that amiloride can have diverse effects on various cells and tissues. They also indicate its potential therapeutic applications for various diseases.

Differences

The studies explored the effects of amiloride from different perspectives, leading to some variations in the findings. For instance, 11 focuses on the impact of amiloride on sodium transport, while 9 investigates its effects on lung cancer stem cells.

Consistency and Discrepancies

While the research indicates amiloride's potential for diverse effects, there are both consistent findings and discrepancies across studies. For example, 11 shows amiloride inhibits oxygen consumption associated with sodium transport, while 6 shows amiloride mitigates angiotensin II-induced hypertension. This suggests that amiloride's effects might vary depending on the specific tissue or context.

Practical Application Considerations

While these studies suggest amiloride's potential therapeutic benefits, it's crucial to proceed with caution when applying these findings in clinical practice. Amiloride can cause side effects and interact with other medications. Therefore, consulting a physician before using amiloride is vital.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies provide valuable insights into amiloride's effects, but there are limitations. The mechanisms underlying amiloride's actions are not fully understood, and further research is necessary. Additionally, many studies are conducted on specific cells, tissues, or animal models, requiring careful consideration when extrapolating the findings to humans.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms of action of amiloride in various contexts. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of amiloride in human populations. More research is also required to understand amiloride's side effects and potential drug interactions.

Conclusion

Amiloride is a promising drug with potential benefits for various diseases. However, it is essential to understand its potential side effects and interactions with other medications. The research suggests that further investigation into amiloride's mechanisms, safety, and effectiveness is needed for its safe and effective use in clinical practice.

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
0
Article Type
4
0
0
0
15
1.

Aerosolized amiloride: dose effect on nasal bioelectric properties, pharmacokinetics, and effect on sputum expectoration in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Author: HofmannT, SenierI, BittnerP, HülsG, SchwandtH J, LindemannH

Induces sputum expectoration
Normalizes sodium absorption

Amiloride is effective at inducing sputum expectoration in CF.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Effects of chlorthalidone plus amiloride compared with amlodipine on short-term blood pressure variability in individuals with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: LuccaMarcelo B, JorgeJuliano A, CicheleroFabio T, MartinezDenis, BorgesRogério B, HirakataVania N, FuchsFlavio D, FuchsSandra C

Effective hypertension and OSA treatment
Reduced BP variability
NA

Chlorthalidone in combination with amiloride and amlodipine have comparable effects on short-term blood pressure variability in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA).

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Evaluating the clinical and mechanistic effects of eplerenone and amiloride monotherapy, and combination therapy with cinacalcet, in primary hyperparathyroidism: A placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Author: ParksookWasita W, HeydarpourMahyar, BrownJenifer M, TurchinAlexander, MannstadtMichael, VaidyaAnand

Hyperparathyroidism treatment

Eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, may lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, suggesting its potential for managing PTH levels in these patients.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Plasminogen Deficiency and Amiloride Mitigate Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in Type 1 Diabetic Mice Suggesting Effects Through the Epithelial Sodium Channel.

Author: AndersenHenrik, HansenMaria Høj, BuhlKristian B, StæhrMette, FriisUlla G, EnggaardCamilla, SupramaniyamShanya, LundIda K, SvenningsenPer, HansenPernille B L, JensenBoye L

Reduced hypertension

This study investigated the role of plasmin, a protein involved in blood clotting, in the development of high blood pressure in people with diabetes. The researchers found that eliminating plasminogen, the protein that creates plasmin, prevented high blood pressure in diabetic mice.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Effects of Amiloride, an Ion Channel Blocker, on Alamethicin Pore Formation in Negatively Charged, Gold-Supported, Phospholipid Bilayers: A Molecular View.

Author: AbbasiFatemeh, SuZhangFei, Alvarez-MalmagroJulia, LeitchJ Jay, LipkowskiJacek

Amiloride reduces ion conductivity across negatively charged phospholipid bilayers containing alamethicin. However, it does not inhibit ion channel formation but rather enlarges and distorts the shape of alamethicin ion pores by inserting itself into their mouths due to electrostatic interactions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Effects of amiloride on physiological activity of stem cells of human lung cancer and possible mechanism.

Author: ZhangHengshuo, PengCaixia, HuangHe, LaiYongxin, HuChenchen, LiFei, WangDegui

Lung cancer treatment

This study investigated the effect of amiloride on lung cancer stem cells (CSCs). The researchers found that amiloride inhibited CSC proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

The Effects of Amiloride on Seizure Activity, Cognitive Deficits and Seizure-Induced Neurogenesis in a Novel Rat Model of Febrile Seizures.

Author: Ou-YangTang-Peng, ZhuGe-Min, DingYin-Xiu, YangFeng, SunXiao-Long, JiangWen

Antiseizure activity
Cognitive improvement
Neuroprotection

Amiloride is a drug that blocks sodium-hydrogen exchangers, which are important for regulating brain activity. This study investigated whether amiloride could protect against prolonged febrile seizures in rat pups. Amiloride was effective in reducing seizure activity and improving cognitive function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

The effects of amiloride and age on oxygen consumption coupled to electrogenic sodium transport in the human sigmoid colon.

Author: CarraGraciela E, MatusDaniel, IbáñezJorge E, SaravíFernando D

Colonic epithelium function

This study investigated the effects of the epithelial sodium channel blocker, amiloride, on oxygen consumption and short-circuit current of the human sigmoid epithelium.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial comparing the effects of amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide on glucose tolerance in patients with essential hypertension.

Author: StearsAnna J, WoodsSarah H, WattsMichaela M, BurtonTimothy J, GraggaberJohann, MirFraz A, BrownMorris J

Blood Pressure Control
Diabetes Mellitus

This study evaluated the effects of thiazide diuretics on glucose tolerance in patients with essential hypertension. The results showed that thiazide diuretics impaired glucose tolerance, while amiloride did not. Substitution or addition of amiloride may prevent thiazide-induced diabetes mellitus.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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