Side Effects of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

  1. Home
  2. Side Effects of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician. If you have concerns about "Side Effects of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies", please consult your doctor.

For NLM copyright information, please see Link to NLM Copyright Page
PubMed data is obtained via Hugging Face Datasets: Link to DatasetPlease check the disclaimer.
This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Amoxicillin-clavulanate is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections. However, several studies have shown that this drug may have serious side effects. 8 、 5 、 19 For example, a study in 8 showed that there is growing evidence that amoxicillin-clavulanate may induce severe adverse effects in patients. Also, a study in 5 reported that clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate may cause manic episodes separately. Furthermore, a study in 19 recommends the administration of specific probiotics to reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children taking amoxicillin-clavulanate in many countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

Reasons for Side Effects

The reasons why amoxicillin-clavulanate causes side effects are not fully understood. However, it is thought that this drug may disrupt the balance of gut microbiota and affect the immune system, which may be factors that could cause side effects. 19

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

The most common side effects of amoxicillin-clavulanate are related to the gastrointestinal system. 18 、 For example, a study in 18 showed that patients taking amoxicillin-clavulanate had a significantly higher rate of gastrointestinal side effects (13% vs 4%) and discontinuation due to adverse events (8 vs 2 patients) compared to patients taking clarithromycin. In addition, a study in reported a case of enterocolitis caused by amoxicillin-clavulanate.

Skin

Skin-related side effects include rash, urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. 7 、 6 、 4 A study in 7 reported acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis that may be caused by amoxicillin-clavulanate. A study in 6 listed amoxicillin-clavulanate as a drug that may cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. A study in 4 reported a case of symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE), a rare form of systemic contact dermatitis, caused by amoxicillin-clavulanate.

Liver

Amoxicillin-clavulanate can cause liver damage. 2 、 22 、 1 、 10 、 21 A study in 2 reported a case of idiosyncratic hepatic toxicity in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who was on combined treatment with tolvaptan and amoxicillin-clavulanate. A study in 22 analyzed reports of drug-induced liver injury in Switzerland, and found multiple reports of liver damage that may be caused by amoxicillin-clavulanate. A study in 1 reported a case of severe cholestatic hepatitis caused by amoxicillin-clavulanate. A study in 10 listed antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin) as drugs that are most likely to cause chronic liver injury. A study in 21 analyzed antibiotic dispensing data in the Netherlands, and showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate was more likely to cause chronic liver damage than other antibiotics.

Kidney

Amoxicillin-clavulanate may affect the kidneys. 3 A study in 3 showed that there has been a recent increase in reports of crystal nephropathy caused by amoxicillin-clavulanate in France.

Other

Amoxicillin-clavulanate may cause a variety of other side effects. 20 、 25 、 24 、 13 、 14 、 11 、 17 、 12 、 16 For example, a study in 20 showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate had a higher incidence of diarrhea compared to cefaclor. Studies in 25 and 24 showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate is effective in preventing postoperative infections after facial fracture surgery. A study in 13 showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate is effective in treating acute rhinosinusitis. A study in 14 showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate is more effective against a wider range of strains compared to amoxicillin alone. A study in 11 showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate had less impact on normal human flora compared to levofloxacin. A study in 17 showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate is effective in treating dentoalveolar infections. A study in 12 showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate is effective in treating lower respiratory tract infections caused by beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. A study in 16 showed that amoxicillin-clavulanate is effective in treating respiratory tract infections caused by amoxicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

If you experience gastrointestinal side effects, consult your doctor and get prescribed appropriate medication depending on your symptoms.

Skin

If you experience skin-related side effects such as rash, consult your doctor immediately and stop taking the medication.

Liver

If you suspect liver damage, consult your doctor immediately and undergo testing.

Kidney

If you suspect kidney damage, consult your doctor immediately and undergo testing.

Comparison of Studies

Similarities in Studies

Many studies have shown that amoxicillin-clavulanate can cause a variety of side effects.

Differences in Studies

The types and frequencies of side effects caused by amoxicillin-clavulanate vary depending on the study. In addition, the research methods and target patients are different, and the results of each study cannot be simply compared.

Points to Note Regarding Application to Real Life

When taking amoxicillin-clavulanate, be sure to understand the risks of side effects and take the medication as directed by your doctor. If you experience any abnormalities while taking the medication, consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

There is not enough research on the side effects of amoxicillin-clavulanate. Therefore, it is still unknown what side effects this drug actually causes and to what extent.

Future Research Directions

Further research on the side effects of amoxicillin-clavulanate is needed. In particular, further research is needed on long-term side effects and side effects in specific patient populations.

Conclusion

Amoxicillin-clavulanate is an effective drug for treating bacterial infections, but it is important to remember that there is a risk of side effects. When taking this medication, follow your doctor's instructions and consult your doctor immediately if you experience side effects.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
8
Article Type
4
0
1
7
24
1.

Severe Case of Cholestatic Hepatitis From Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid.

Author: GoyalLokesh, MadabhushiAnirudh K, SiddiqiMariam S, KaleSantosh, MallickDeobrat C

Bacterial infection treatment
Hepatitis
Nausea
Pruritis

This case report describes a patient who developed liver damage after taking amoxicillin/clavulanate, a common antibiotic. While liver damage is rare with this antibiotic, this case highlights the importance of being aware of potential side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

2.

Idiosyncratic hepatic toxicity in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patient in combined treatment with tolvaptan and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a case report.

Author: PellegrinoAngela Maria, Annicchiarico PetruzzelliLuigi, RiccioEleonora, PisaniAntonio

Slower kidney decline
Hepatic toxicity

This case report describes a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who experienced hepatic toxicity after taking tolvaptan, a V2-receptor antagonist, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. This is the first case reported in the literature of this specific drug interaction.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Crystal nephropathy and amoxicillin: insights from international spontaneous reporting systems.

Author: GattiMilo, FusaroliMichele, RaschiEmanuel, CapelliIrene, PoluzziElisabetta, De PontiFabrizio

Acute kidney injury
Crystal nephropathy

Amoxicillin may be associated with crystal nephropathy, especially in France, particularly with intravenous administration of doses exceeding 12 g/day. Clinicians should monitor patients for early acute kidney injury (AKI).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Induced Symmetric Drug-Related Intertrigious and Flexural Exanthema.

Author: AlpagatGulistan, BacciogluAyse, DumanogluBetul, Alan YalimSumeyra, KalpakliogluAyse Fusun

Amoxicillin allergy
Contact dermatitis
Skin pigmentation

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is a common antibiotic that can cause allergic reactions. This case report describes a rare instance of symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) caused by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, highlighting the need for careful consideration of this condition in the differential diagnosis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

5.

Antibiomania: a case report of clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid induced manic episodes separately.

Author: MeszarosEdith Paula, StancuCatheline, CostanzaAlessandra, BessonMarie, SarasinFrançois, BondolfiGuido, AmbrosettiJulia

Antibiomania

A brief manic episode was suspected to be induced by clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a patient with no psychiatric history. Early recognition and intervention are crucial for managing psychiatric side effects related to antibiotics.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Incidence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis among new users of different individual drugs in a European population: a case-population study.

Author: Rodríguez-MartínSara, Martín-MerinoElisa, LermaVictoria, Rodríguez-MiguelAntonio, GonzálezOlga, González-HerradaCarlos, RamírezElena, BellónTeresa, de AbajoFrancisco J

SJS/TEN

A case-population study in Madrid found that phenytoin had the highest incidence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), followed by allopurinol and cotrimoxazole.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

[Drugs associated with acute generalized exanthematic pustulosis].

Author: SaissiE-H, Beau-SalinasF, Jonville-BéraA-P, LoretteG, Autret-LecaE,

Drug-induced eruption

This study compared drugs suspected of causing acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) reported to French Pharmacovigilance centres with those reported in the literature.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

8.

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy may be associated with severe side effects -- review of the literature.

Author: GresserU

Cholestatic hepatitis
Death
Severe adverse effects

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid can induce severe adverse effects, including cholestatic hepatitis, especially in patients with respiratory tract infections and sinusitis. Close monitoring of liver function is recommended.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Clinical characteristics and treatment of actinomycetoma in northeast Mexico: A case series.

Author: Cárdenas-de la GarzaJesús Alberto, WelshOliverio, Cuéllar-BarbozaAdrián, Suarez-SánchezKarina Paola, De la Cruz-ValadezEstephania, Cruz-GómezLuis Gerardo, Gallardo-RochaAnabel, Ocampo-CandianiJorge, Vera-CabreraLucio

Antibiotic treatment

This report provides an update on clinical, therapeutic, and outcome data for patients with actinomycetoma in northeast Mexico.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Chronic liver injury induced by drugs: a systematic review.

Author: StineJonathan G, ChalasaniNaga

Chronic liver injury

This review examines the available literature on chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Chronic DILI is more common than previously thought, affecting up to 18% of patients. Antibiotics are a common cause of chronic DILI.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

A comparison of side effects of levofloxacin to other agents concerning the ecological and microbiological effects on normal human flora.

Author: AcarJ F

low ADR rate
low ecological impact
safe
gastrointestinal side effects

This study compared the safety of levofloxacin to that of non-fluoroquinolone alternatives used for respiratory tract infections. Levofloxacin was associated with a lower incidence of adverse events and a milder effect on normal microflora compared to other agents.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

[Inflammatory acute rhinosinusitis].

Author: StollD

Pain relief
None mentioned

Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of the common cold. Treatment options for viral rhinosinusitis in adults include vasoconstrictors and antihistamines with atropinergic action. In children, treatment focuses on reducing fever and managing symptoms. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is treated with antibiotics. Corticosteroids may be helpful in reducing pain and nasal obstruction.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

14.

[Potential value of the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination in general medicine, gynecology-obstetrics and pediatrics departments].

Author: JarlierV, Truffot-PernotC, GrossetJ

AMOX-CLA efficacy

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination (AMOX-CLA) was more active than amoxicillin (AMOX) in 70 to 86% of 2003 strains isolated from patients. AMOX-CLA was comparable to cephalothin, cotrimoxazole, and nalidixic acid in activity.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

15.

Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid for the Treatment of Odontogenic Infections: A Randomised Study Comparing Efficacy and Tolerability versus Clindamycin.

Author: TancawanArchiel Launch, PatoMaria Noemi, AbidinKhamiza Zainol, AsariA S Mohd, ThongTran Xuan, KochharPuja, MuganurmathChandra, TwynholmMonique, BarkerKeith

Effective treatment
Safe treatment
Side effects

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was noninferior to clindamycin in achieving clinical success (88.2% vs 89.7%) in acute odontogenic infections. The safety profile was consistent with the known side effects of both drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

A combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by amoxicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae.

Author: BeeuwkesH, RutgersV H

Effective against amoxicillin-resistant infections
Side effects
Treatment discontinuation

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was effective in treating 25 out of 33 patients with chronic or recurrent respiratory tract infections, mainly bronchitis. The most common bacteria isolated was Haemophilus influenzae, with 20 out of 22 strains resistant to amoxicillin but sensitive to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Nine patients experienced side effects, with two discontinuing treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

A comparative study of clarithromycin modified release and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

Author: MartinotJ B, CarrW D, CullenS, Heredia BudoJ L, BauerK, MacLeodC, SanguinettiC M, van VeldhuizenW C,

AECB treatment
Tolerable
Digestive disturbances

This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of clarithromycin modified release (MR) with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Both treatments were found to be effective, but clarithromycin was associated with fewer side effects and higher compliance rates.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Prospective comparison of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefaclor in treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Author: GurwithM J, SteinG E, GurwithD

Fewer relapses
Lower recurrence rate
Diarrhea
Rash

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was more effective than cefaclor in treating acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections, with fewer relapses.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Consecutive antibiotic use in the outpatient setting: an extensive, longitudinal descriptive analysis of antibiotic dispensing data in the Netherlands.

Author: de JongLoek A W, van der LindenPaul D, RoukensMonique M B, van de GardeEwoudt M W, van der VeldenAlike W, NatschStephanie,

Antibiotic treatment
Antibiotic resistance

Antibiotic switch patterns are not well understood, especially in the outpatient setting. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic switching in the Netherlands.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Drug-induced liver injury in Switzerland: an analysis of drug-related hepatic disorders in the WHO pharmacovigilance database VigiBase from 2010 to 2020.

Author: OrtlandImke, MirjaliliMahtabalsadat, Kullak-UblickGerd A, PeymaniPayam

Drug-induced liver injury

This study investigated drug-induced liver injury in Switzerland using the global pharmacovigilance database VigiBase, focusing on checkpoint inhibitors.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Oral amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid: properties, indications and usage.

Author: HuttnerA, BielickiJ, ClementsM N, Frimodt-MøllerN, MullerA E, PaccaudJ-P, MoutonJ W

Amoxicillin for infections
C. difficile infection
Gastrointestinal side effects

Amoxicillin alone is often a preferred choice over amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for treating infections, as clavulanic acid can limit the maximum daily dose of amoxicillin and is associated with more gastrointestinal side effects. More research is needed on heat stability, pharmacodynamic effects, and resistance emergence.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

The role of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics in the treatment of facial fractures: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical study. Part 3: Le Fort and zygomatic fractures in 94 patients.

Author: SoongPoh Luon, SchallerBenoit, ZixJürgen, IizukaTateyuki, MottiniMatthias, LiegerOlivier

Infection prevention

This study compared the effects of a 5-day and a 1-day postoperative course of antibiotics on the incidence of infection after midfacial fractures. A 1-day course was found to be as effective as a 5-day regimen in preventing infective complications.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

The role of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics in the treatment of facial fractures: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical study. Part 1: orbital fractures in 62 patients.

Author: ZixJürgen, SchallerBenoit, IizukaTateyuki, LiegerOlivier

Orbital fracture treatment
Diarrhea
Infection
Rash

This study compared the effectiveness of a 5-day and a 1-day course of antibiotics in preventing postoperative infection after displaced orbital fractures. The study found no significant difference in the incidence of infection or side effects between the two groups, suggesting that a 1-day course of antibiotics is as effective as a 5-day regimen in preventing postoperative infection.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

This site uses cookies. Visit our privacy policy page or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.