Side Effects of apixaban: A Synthesis of Findings from 19 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Several studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of apixaban have shown that apixaban is as effective as vitamin K antagonists. 6 . However, the risk of bleeding has been reported as a side effect of apixaban. 16 .

Reasons for side effects

Side effects of apixaban are thought to be due to apixaban's mechanism of action, which is the inhibition of coagulation factor Xa. The effect of apixaban is to prevent thrombus formation by inhibiting blood coagulation. On the other hand, if blood coagulation is suppressed too much, the risk of bleeding increases.

Common side effects

Bleeding

The most common side effect of apixaban is bleeding. 16 . Bleeding can occur in various locations, such as nosebleeds, gastrointestinal bleeding, and brain hemorrhages. It has also been reported that the risk of bleeding with apixaban is higher in elderly patients and patients with impaired renal function. 18 . Patients receiving apixaban should be aware of the risk of bleeding.

Other side effects

Other side effects of apixaban include indigestion, digestive symptoms, and skin reactions. 10 . However, these side effects are less frequent than bleeding.

Countermeasures for side effects

Bleeding

To reduce the risk of bleeding with apixaban, it is necessary to adjust the dosage and carefully select concomitant medications. 18 . It is also important to check for signs of bleeding with regular blood tests.

Other side effects

If you are concerned about side effects of apixaban, consult your doctor. Your doctor can adjust the dosage or concomitant medications to reduce side effects.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities of studies

Multiple studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of apixaban have shown that apixaban is as effective as vitamin K antagonists. 6 . These studies also reported the risk of bleeding as a side effect of apixaban. 16 .

Differences between studies

The risk of side effects of apixaban may vary depending on the study. This is because factors such as the age, sex, and concomitant medications of the study participants may affect the risk of side effects.

Precautions for application to real life

Patients receiving apixaban should be aware of the risk of bleeding. Be alert to signs of bleeding and consult a doctor immediately if bleeding occurs.

Limitations of current research

There is not enough research on the safety and efficacy of apixaban. Further research is needed, especially on long-term effects.

Future research directions

Research is needed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of apixaban. Research is also needed to identify the optimal dosage and combination of concomitant medications for apixaban.

Conclusion

The safety and efficacy of apixaban have been confirmed by multiple studies. However, the risk of bleeding has been reported as a side effect of apixaban. Patients receiving apixaban should be aware of the risk of bleeding. Be alert to signs of bleeding and consult a doctor immediately if bleeding occurs.

Literature analysis of 19 papers
Positive Content
15
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
3
Article Type
2
1
1
1
14
1.

Measurement of side effects of drugs.

Author: HuskissonE C, WojtulewskiJ A

Check list interference

Using a check list to collect side effects in a clinical trial may interfere with the reporting of known and unknown symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Anti-platelet effects of 100 mg alternate day oral aspirin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of regular and enteric coated formulations in men and women.

Author: RidkerP M, HennekensC H, ToflerG H, LipinskaI, BuringJ E

Cardiovascular benefit
Reduced gastrointestinal symptoms

Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose of aspirin to produce a cardiovascular benefit while minimizing side effects, particularly in women.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

A Case of Leg Pain After the Initial Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine, Followed by Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism After the Second Dose.

Author: NagaoMichiru, YonezawaRyo, WadaDaisuke, SuzukiHiroshi, SunagaTomiko

COVID-19 prevention
DVT
PE

This case report highlights a potential serious adverse event of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after COVID-19 vaccination, emphasizing the importance of monitoring patients for side effects, especially after the first dose.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

4.

Patient concern regarding bleeding side effects from oral anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation: An analysis from the multicenter KiCS-AF registry.

Author: UedaIkuko, KohsakaShun, IkemuraNobuhiro, KimuraTakehiro, KatsumataYoshinori, TakemuraRyo, SuzukiMasahiro, TakatsukiSeiji, KoideDaisuke, FukudaKeiichi

Bleeding risk concerns

A study found that nearly one-third of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking oral anticoagulants were concerned about bleeding side effects. This highlights the need for patient education and individualized risk assessment when prescribing anticoagulants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Extracorporeal hemoadsorption therapy as a potential therapeutic option for rapid removal of Apixaban in high risk-surgical patients: a case report.

Author: DalmastriVittorio, AngeliniAndrea, MinervaVera, BallariniMelissa, GrammaticoFrancesco, TodeschiniPaola, PizziniAttilia Maria, SilingardiMauro, La MannaGaetano

Apixaban overdose treatment

This case report describes a patient successfully treated with extracorporeal hemoadsorption therapy using CytoSorb as an antidote for apixaban overdose to enable emergency surgery for bilateral nephrostomy. CytoSorb has shown promise in removing certain antithrombotic agents, potentially offering a solution for managing overdose or emergency situations involving NOACs.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists for left ventricular thrombus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: GolukhovaE Z, BerdibekovB Sh, RuzinaE V

Reduced thromboembolic events
Thrombus resolution
Hemorrhagic complications

This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in treating left ventricular (LV) thrombosis. The analysis shows no significant differences between DOAC and VKA in terms of thromboembolic events, hemorrhagic complications, and thrombus resolution. However, rivaroxaban showed a significant reduction in thromboembolic complications compared to VKA.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

9.

Bullous Hemorrhagic Dermatosis: A Rare Benign Cutaneous Complication of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin.

Author: ChoudhuryArnab, ThokchomNonita, JainVikram, BairwaMukesh

BHD
Enoxaparin side effects

This case report describes a 74-year-old female with multiple comorbidities who developed BHD at a distant site from subcutaneous delivery of enoxaparin. The patient's bullae formation gradually resolved after discontinuation of enoxaparin.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

10.

Genetic determinants of apixaban plasma levels and their relationship to bleeding and thromboembolic events.

Author: AttelindSofia, HallbergPär, WadeliusMia, HambergAnna-Karin, SiegbahnAgneta, GrangerChristopher B, LopesRenato D, AlexanderJohn H, WallentinLars, ErikssonNiclas

Stroke prevention
Bleeding

This genome-wide association study examined genetic factors influencing the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant. It found a statistically significant association between a variant in the drug transporter gene ABCG2 and higher apixaban exposure, but no association with bleeding or thromboembolic events.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

The Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban (Eliquis) in 5017 Post-bariatric Patients with 95.3% Follow-up: a Multicenter Study.

Author: SurveAmit, PottsJames, CottamDaniel, RoslinMitchell, MedlinWalter, UchalMiro, RichardsChristina, BelnapLegrand

Safe and effective
Thrombus prevention
Clavien-Dindo complications
Menorrhagia
Rash

Apixaban was safe and effective in preventing thromboembolic events following bariatric surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

12.

Warfarin is associated with higher rates of epistaxis compared to direct oral anticoagulants: A nationwide propensity score-weighted study.

Author: IngasonArnar B, RumbaEdward, HreinssonJohann P, AgustssonArnar S, LundSigrun H, PalssonDaniel A, ReynissonIndridi E, GudmundsdottirBrynja R, OnundarsonPall T, TryggvasonGeir, BjornssonEinar S

Reduced epistaxis
Epistaxis risk

A study of 2098 patients receiving apixaban, 474 receiving dabigatran, 3106 receiving rivaroxaban, and 1403 receiving warfarin found that warfarin treatment was associated with higher rates of clinically relevant epistaxis compared to direct oral anticoagulants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Intracranial Hemorrhage Following Anticoagulant Treatment in Denmark: Spontaneous Adverse Drug Reaction Reports Versus Real-World Data.

Author: von OsmanskiBenedikte Irene, ScheldeAstrid Blicher, Jimenez-SolemEspen, NyelandMartin Erik, HorwitzHenrik

Lower ICH risk
ICH reports

This study investigated the high number of reports concerning intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) following treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with warfarin in Denmark. The study found that despite DOACs being associated with a lower risk of ICH than warfarin in clinical trials, the number of reports concerning ICHs after DOAC treatment was higher in Denmark.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

16.

Direct (New) Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs): Drawbacks, Bleeding and Reversal.

Author: KarciogluOzgur, ZenginSehmus, OzkayaBilgen, ErsanEylem, YilmazSarper, AfacanGoksu, AbuskaDerya, HosseinzadehMandana, YeniocakSelman

Prevents VTE
Protects coagulation cascade
Treats thromboses
Bleeding

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are promising options for treating thromboses and venous thromboembolism (VTE) with lower bleeding risks than warfarin. However, DOACs carry a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding compared to warfarin. This review summarizes the side effects of DOACs in various clinical scenarios.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Apixaban use in an atrial fibrillation patient with double mechanical heart valves: a case report.

Author: EomJae Young, ShinJe Kyoun, KwonChang Hee

Thromboembolism prevention
Valve thrombosis prevention

Apixaban was effective and safe in preventing prosthetic valve thrombus and systemic embolism in a patient with atrial fibrillation and double mechanical heart valves.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

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