Side Effects of aspirin: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Aspirin is a widely used medication for pain and inflammation. However, it is known to have gastrointestinal side effects. 8 investigated the effects of enteric-coated aspirin on gastrointestinal side effects and found that enteric-coated aspirin caused significantly fewer minor gastrointestinal lesions than plain aspirin in endoscopic examination after short-term treatment. However, there was no difference in the incidence of dyspepsia or clinically relevant gastrointestinal bleeding between the two types of aspirin. This study concluded that enteric-coated aspirin is not superior to plain aspirin.

Rioprostil is a drug developed to suppress the gastrointestinal side effects of aspirin. It inhibits gastric acid secretion and prevents gastric lesions induced by a variety of irritants in experimental animals. 11 demonstrated that slow-release delivery of rioprostil via an osmotic pump inhibited the formation of acute aspirin-induced gastric lesions in dogs, accelerated the healing of chronic lesions, and healed preexisting lesions during chronic aspirin administration. The study concluded that rioprostil effectively suppresses gastrointestinal side effects of aspirin.

Reasons for Side Effects

Aspirin causes gastrointestinal side effects by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which protect the gastric mucosa. Prostaglandins help protect the gastric mucosa and suppress gastric acid secretion. By inhibiting prostaglandin production, aspirin damages the gastric mucosa and increases gastric acid secretion, leading to potential side effects such as stomach pain, gastric ulcers, and gastrointestinal bleeding. 5

Common Side Effects

Stomach Pain

Stomach pain is one of the most common side effects of aspirin. 6 , 8 , 5 Aspirin can cause stomach pain by damaging the gastric mucosa and increasing gastric acid secretion.

Gastric Ulcer

Aspirin can cause gastric ulcers. 11 , 5 Aspirin inhibits the production of prostaglandins that protect the gastric mucosa, increasing the risk of gastric ulcers.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Aspirin can cause gastrointestinal bleeding. 6 , 8 , 5 Aspirin damages the gastric mucosa and increases gastric acid secretion, increasing the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Dyspepsia

Aspirin can cause dyspepsia. 8 Aspirin can damage the gastric mucosa and interfere with digestive function, leading to dyspepsia.

Tinnitus

Aspirin can cause tinnitus. 1 Aspirin can dilate blood vessels in the ears, potentially causing tinnitus.

Skin Rash

Aspirin can cause skin rash. 15 Aspirin can trigger allergic reactions, and skin rash may be a symptom.

Liver Dysfunction

Aspirin can cause liver dysfunction. 15 Aspirin can put a strain on the liver, potentially leading to liver dysfunction.

Bleeding Tendency

Aspirin can cause a bleeding tendency. 15 , 13 Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Asthma Exacerbation

Aspirin can exacerbate asthma. Aspirin can worsen airway inflammation, potentially exacerbating asthma symptoms.

Others

Aspirin can cause side effects such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, rash, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness. 9 , , Aspirin can cause a variety of side effects, so it's important to consult a doctor before taking it.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Countermeasures for Stomach Pain

To prevent stomach pain, it is recommended to take aspirin with meals or with dairy products such as milk or yogurt. Enteric-coated aspirin can also be used to reduce irritation to the stomach. 8

Countermeasures for Gastric Ulcer

To prevent gastric ulcers, it is recommended to take a medication that protects the gastric mucosa before taking aspirin. If you experience symptoms of gastric ulcers, consult a doctor immediately.

Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Bleeding

To prevent gastrointestinal bleeding, it is recommended to take a medication that protects the gastric mucosa before taking aspirin. If you experience symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding, consult a doctor immediately.

Countermeasures for Dyspepsia

To prevent dyspepsia, it is recommended to take a digestive aid before taking aspirin. If you experience symptoms of dyspepsia, consult a doctor immediately.

Countermeasures for Tinnitus

To prevent tinnitus, you need to reduce the dosage of aspirin or stop taking it. If you experience tinnitus, consult a doctor immediately.

Countermeasures for Skin Rash

If you develop a skin rash, stop taking aspirin and consult a doctor immediately.

Countermeasures for Liver Dysfunction

If you develop liver dysfunction, stop taking aspirin and consult a doctor immediately.

Countermeasures for Bleeding Tendency

If you have a bleeding tendency, stop taking aspirin and consult a doctor immediately.

Countermeasures for Asthma Exacerbation

If your asthma symptoms worsen, stop taking aspirin and consult a doctor immediately.

Comparison Between Studies

Common Points of Studies

Multiple studies have revealed that aspirin can cause gastrointestinal side effects. 6 , 8 , 11 , 5 Additionally, these studies have investigated various methods to reduce aspirin's side effects.

Differences Between Studies

Studies have reported varying incidences and severities of aspirin's side effects. This is likely due to differences in study participants, aspirin dosages, and duration of administration. Also, the methods for reducing aspirin's side effects vary depending on the study.

Precautions for Applying Research Findings to Real Life

Aspirin is a medication that can be helpful in treating and preventing various diseases, but it can also cause gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, when taking aspirin, follow your doctor's instructions and do not take it without consulting a doctor. Especially if you have symptoms like stomach pain, gastric ulcers, or gastrointestinal bleeding, refrain from taking aspirin or consult a doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on aspirin's side effects is still not sufficient. Future research should aim to elucidate the mechanisms of aspirin's side effects and develop safer aspirin formulations or preventative measures for side effects.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to elucidate the mechanisms of aspirin's side effects and develop safer aspirin formulations or preventative measures for side effects. It is also necessary to clarify the individual differences in aspirin's side effects and develop methods to reduce the risk of side effects.

Conclusion

Aspirin is a medication that can be helpful in treating and preventing various diseases, but it can also cause gastrointestinal side effects. When taking aspirin, follow your doctor's instructions and do not take it without consulting a doctor. If you have concerns about side effects, consult your doctor.

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
4
Article Type
2
0
0
3
15
1.

Measurement of side effects of drugs.

Author: HuskissonE C, WojtulewskiJ A

Check list interference

Using a check list to collect side effects in a clinical trial may interfere with the reporting of known and unknown symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Anti-platelet effects of 100 mg alternate day oral aspirin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of regular and enteric coated formulations in men and women.

Author: RidkerP M, HennekensC H, ToflerG H, LipinskaI, BuringJ E

Cardiovascular benefit
Reduced gastrointestinal symptoms

Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose of aspirin to produce a cardiovascular benefit while minimizing side effects, particularly in women.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Aspirin, paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A comparative review of side effects.

Author: FowlerP D

Effective symptom control
Agranulocytosis
Aplastic anaemia
Dermatological reactions
Gastrointestinal reactions
Hepatic reactions
Kidney reactions
Paracetamol toxicity
Renal reactions

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) effectively manage the symptoms of rheumatic diseases, but they can have adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract and kidney. The frequency and severity of these effects vary depending on the specific drug and dosage.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

A computational prospect to aspirin side effects: aspirin and COX-1 interaction analysis based on non-synonymous SNPs.

Author: MarjanMojtabavi Naeini, HamzehMesrian Tanha, RahmanEmamzadeh, SadeqVallian

Aspirin efficacy
Aspirin side effects

This study investigated the relationship between COX-1 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and aspirin related side effects. The data predicted that 22 nsSNPs could reduce COX-1 inhibition, while 15 nsSNPs showed increasing inhibition level in comparison to the regular COX-1 protein.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Enteric-Coated Aspirin and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Side Effects: A Systematic Review.

Author: KedirHanan Muzeyin, SisayEskinder Ayalew, AbiyeAlfoalem Araba

Cardiovascular disease prevention
Gastrointestinal toxicity

Aspirin is commonly used to prevent cardiovascular disease, but it can cause gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, ranging from mucosal damage to death.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Aspirin use in Sturge-Weber syndrome: side effects and clinical outcomes.

Author: LanceEboni I, SreenivasanAditya K, ZabelT Andrew, KossoffEric H, ComiAnne M

Improved cognitive function
Improved seizure control
Optimized neurodevelopment
Reduced hemiparesis
Allergic reaction
Bleeding

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare disorder that affects the skin, eyes, and brain. About 50% of patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome experience seizures and neurodeterioration. This study reviewed the use of low-dose aspirin in 58 patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome and brain involvement. The majority of patients had reasonable seizure control and minimal side effects from aspirin. This suggests that low-dose aspirin may be a safe and effective treatment for Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Incidence of side-effects of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin after coronary stent implantation.

Author: OhkuboKenji, KobayashiYoshio, NakamuraYoshitake, MiyazakiAkira

Improved coronary stenting
Bleeding
Liver dysfunction
Skin rash

Clopidogrel and aspirin are safe for Japanese patients undergoing coronary stenting. Side effects are uncommon, with only 4.9% of patients experiencing them.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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