Side Effects of bempedoic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 22 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Bempedoic acid is a promising new cholesterol-lowering drug that has been shown to be effective in reducing cholesterol levels and is relatively free from the many side effects encountered with the use of other hyperlipidemic drugs such as statins. 1 , , 20

Reasons for side effects

Bempedoic acid is a prodrug, meaning it is converted to the active agent only in the liver, not in skeletal muscle, and this may prevent any myotoxic activity. 20 , 22

Common side effects

Hyperuricemia

Some studies have reported hyperuricemia as a side effect of bempedoic acid. 6 , 10

Measures against side effects

Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia can be managed by measuring uric acid levels before administering bempedoic acid and monitoring uric acid levels regularly during administration. 6

Comparison between studies

Common points of research

Many studies have confirmed that bempedoic acid has a cholesterol-lowering effect. Also, it has been reported that bempedoic acid has fewer side effects such as muscle pain compared to statins. 1 , , 20 , 8 , 19 , 7 , 9 , 3 , 4 , 2 , 15 , 17 , 5 , 16 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 22 , 21 , 13 , 11

Differences in research

Different results have been obtained in the effectiveness and side effects of bempedoic acid depending on the research. For example, some studies report hyperuricemia as a side effect of bempedoic acid, while others do not. 6 , 10

Precautions for application in real life

Bempedoic acid may be a viable option for patients who are unresponsive to statins or concerned about statin side effects. However, bempedoic acid is a new drug and there is not yet sufficient data on its long-term safety and efficacy. Therefore, it is important to consult with your doctor before taking bempedoic acid to confirm that it is appropriate for your body. 1 , , 20

Current limitations of research

There is not yet enough research on bempedoic acid. In particular, further research is needed on its long-term safety and efficacy. It is also important to investigate the interaction between bempedoic acid and other drugs. Additionally, research is needed to clarify for which patients bempedoic acid is effective. 16

Future research directions

Research is needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid. Research is also important to investigate interactions between bempedoic acid and other drugs. Further, research is needed to clarify which patients will benefit from bempedoic acid. 5 , 16

Conclusion

Bempedoic acid may be a viable option for patients who are unresponsive to statins or concerned about statin side effects. However, bempedoic acid is a new drug and there is not yet sufficient data on its long-term safety and efficacy. Therefore, it is important to consult with your doctor before taking bempedoic acid to confirm that it is appropriate for your body. It is hoped that research on bempedoic acid will progress in the future and its safety and effectiveness will be clarified. 1 , , 20

Literature analysis of 22 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
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13
22
2.

Efficacy and Outcomes of Bempedoic Acid Versus Placebo in Patients with Statin-Intolerance: A Pilot Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: GoyalAman, ChangezMah I Kan, TariqMuhammad Daoud, MushtaqFiza, ShamimUrooj, SohailAmir Humza, MahalwarGauranga

Cholesterol reduction
Statin intolerance

Bempedoic acid (BA) is a medication that reduces cholesterol levels. While it has fewer side effects than other cholesterol-lowering drugs like statins, its effectiveness in people who cannot tolerate statins is debated, with inconsistent results from different studies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Established and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.

Author: MichaeliDaniel Tobias, MichaeliJulia Caroline, AlbersSebastian, BochTobias, MichaeliThomas

Reduced cardiovascular events

This review discusses established and emerging lipid-lowering drugs, including their mechanism of action, clinical trials, side effects, and effects on blood lipids. The review highlights the need for new treatment modalities that target specific cellular pathways to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Management of Statin Intolerant Patients in the Era of Novel Lipid Lowering Therapies: A Critical Approach in Clinical Practice.

Author: BoscoGiosiana, Di Giacomo BarbagalloFrancesco, SpampinatoSalvatore, LanzafameLorena, Di PinoAntonino, PiroSalvatore, PurrelloFrancesco, ScicaliRoberto

Cardiovascular risk reduction
Lipid lowering
Statin intolerance

Statin intolerance (SI) is a common challenge in managing cardiovascular risk. This review discusses the management of SI, emphasizing non-statin lipid-lowering therapies, such as ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, and bempedoic acid, as alternatives for patients unable to tolerate statins.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Bempedoic Acid's Use as an Adjunct in Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review.

Author: GoitRaman, SaddikSamia E, DawoodSarah N, RabihAhmad M, NiajAhmad, RamanAishwarya, UpretyManish, CaleroMaria Jose, VillanuevaMaria Resah B, JoshaghaniNarges, VillaNicole, BadlaOmar, KhanSafeera

Lower LDL-C
Reduce CAD risk
Uric acid increase

Bempedoic acid (BDA) is a new lipid-lowering drug that inhibits adenosine triphosphate (ATP) citrate lyase. This review evaluated the efficacy and safety of BDA in lowering LDL-C levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). BDA in combination with ezetimibe showed good evidence of LDL-C lowering effects. In patients on maximally tolerated statins, BDA significantly reduced LDL-C levels, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), and triglyceride levels. BDA appears to be a promising alternative to current lipid-lowering agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Unmet Need for Further LDL-C Lowering in India despite Statin Therapy: Lipid Association of India Recommendations for the Use of Bempedoic Acid.

Author: MehtaVimal, PuriRaman, DuellP Barton, IyengarS S, WongNathan D, YusufJamal, MukhopadhyaySaibal, PradhanAkshaya, MuruganathanArumugam, WangnooS K, KapoorDheeraj, RastogiAshu, TiwaskarMangesh H, MahajanKunal, NarasinganS N, AgarwalaRajeev, BordoloiNeil, SoumitraKumar, ChakrabortyRabin, ShettySadanand, SabooBansi, KhanAziz, PrabhakarD, KhannaNarendra Nath, MehtaAshwani, BansalManish, KasliwalRavi, MehrotraRahul, ChagMilan, SheikhAltamesh, SatturGururaj Balvantrao, ManoriaP C, PareekK K, PancholiaA K, MelinkerRashida Patanwala, NandaRashmi, KalraDinesh

LDL-C lowering
Reduced adverse CV events
Muscle-related side effects
New-onset or worsening diabetes

This LAI consensus document discusses the pharmacology, indications, contraindications, advantages, and evidence-based recommendations for the use of bempedoic acid in clinical practice. Bempedoic acid is a welcome addition to existing non-statin therapies for patients with very high baseline LDL-C levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Lipid Lowering Therapy: An Era Beyond Statins.

Author: Abdul-RahmanToufik, BukhariSyed Muhammad Awais, HerreraEmiliano Cantu, AwuahWireko Andrew, LawrenceJannel, de AndradeHeloisa, PatelNeal, ShahRohan, ShaikhRaheel, CaprilesCamilo Andrés Avendaño, UlusanSebahat, AhmadShahzaib, CorrieroAnna Chiara, MaresAdriana C, GoelAkshay, HajraAdrija, BandyopadhyayDhrubajyoti, GuptaRahul

Cardiovascular disease prevention
Dyslipidemia treatment
Myalgias
Myopathy

This review explores non-statin lipid-lowering therapies, examining recent advances and emerging research. It discusses drugs like bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, nicotinic acid, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors, as well as emerging gene-based therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Bempedoic Acid: for Whom and When.

Author: RuscicaMassimiliano, SirtoriCesare R, CarugoStefano, BanachMaciej, CorsiniAlberto

Anti-inflammatory effect
LDL-C reduction
Myalgia
Myopathy

This review article discusses the safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid, an orally active non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug. The researchers found that bempedoic acid is effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and that it is generally well-tolerated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

New Therapies for Primary Hyperlipidemia.

Author: Aguilar-SalinasCarlos A, Gómez-DíazRita A, CorralPablo

Hyperlipidemia treatment
Side effects

This review discusses current and upcoming therapies for primary hyperlipidemia, including new drugs that target different metabolic pathways. These new drugs may improve treatment outcomes and provide alternatives for patients with side effects to existing therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Bempedoic Acid: The New Kid on the Block for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia and LDL Cholesterol: A Narrative Review.

Author: AlamUazman, Al-BazzDalal Y, SoranHandrean

ASCVD prevention
Liver side effects
Musculoskeletal side effects

Bempedoic acid is a novel drug that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis. It has been shown to be effective in reducing LDL-C levels and has a lower prevalence of musculoskeletal adverse events compared to statins. It may be an alternative treatment option for patients who are intolerant to statins.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

[Bempedoic Acid].

Author: WagnerMichael, LeefmannJulian, KünzelStephan R, SchmidtMichael M, El-ArmoucheAli

Avoids muscle side effects
Lowers cholesterol

Bempedoic acid is a new cholesterol-lowering drug that selectively inhibits ATP-Citrate-Lyase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. This drug has shown promising results in reducing LDL cholesterol levels without the muscle-related side effects associated with other cholesterol-lowering therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

16.

Bempedoic Acid in the Treatment of Patients with Dyslipidemias and Statin Intolerance.

Author: SusekovAndrey V, KorolLudmila A, WattsGerald F

Cholesterol lowering

Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002), a new inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, has shown moderate cholesterol-lowering efficacy and a good safety profile in phase I-III clinical studies involving over 4000 individuals. The ongoing study CLEAR Outcomes will investigate the role of bempedoic acid in managing high ACSVD risk and statin-intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Advances in the management of statin myopathy.

Author: GalloAntonio, PerregauxJeff, BruckertEric

Cardiovascular event prevention
Reduced LDL cholesterol
Muscle symptoms

This manuscript reviews the challenges of statin-associated muscle symptoms and provides guidance on defining statin intolerance and optimizing cardiovascular risk reduction. It also explores strategies for reducing the nocebo effect among individuals reporting statin-associated muscle pain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

Clinical Pharmacology of Statins: an Update.

Author: FerriNicola, CorsiniAlberto

cholesterol reduction
glucose dysregulation
muscle effects

Statins are effective in monotherapy or combination with new lipid-lowering drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Recent advances in synthetic pharmacotherapies for dyslipidaemias.

Author: SirtoriCesare R, YamashitaShizuya, GrecoMaria Francesca, CorsiniAlberto, WattsGerald F, RuscicaMassimiliano

Elevated HDL-C
Reduced LDL-C
Reduced triglycerides

This review highlights the need for new oral agents targeting classical lipid targets. Pitavastatin, bempedoic acid, pemafibrate, eicosapentaenoic ethyl ester, gemcabene, anacetrapib, and probucol are promising options that address hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia with good efficacy and potential safety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Bempedoic Acid (ETC-1002): ATP Citrate Lyase Inhibitor: Review of a First-in-Class Medication with Potential Benefit in Statin-Refractory Cases.

Author: ZagelbaumNicole K, YandrapalliSrikanth, NaborsChristopher, FrishmanWilliam H

Reduced C-reactive protein
Reduced LDL-C
Reduced apolipoprotein B
Reduced non-HDL-C

Bempedoic acid (BA) is a new agent that reduces cholesterol synthesis, primarily by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). BA is well tolerated and may be useful in combination with statins to further reduce LDL-C levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

Liver-specific ATP-citrate lyase inhibition by bempedoic acid decreases LDL-C and attenuates atherosclerosis.

Author: PinkoskyStephen L, NewtonRoger S, DayEmily A, FordRebecca J, LhotakSarka, AustinRichard C, BirchCarolyn M, SmithBrennan K, FilippovSergey, GrootPieter H E, SteinbergGregory R, LalwaniNarendra D

LDL-C lowering
Myotoxicity

This study investigates the mechanism of action of bempedoic acid (ETC-1002), a novel cholesterol-lowering drug. It shows that ETC-1002 is a prodrug activated by ACSVL1 and that it lowers LDL-C through ACL inhibition, leading to LDL receptor upregulation and attenuation of atherosclerosis. The study suggests that ETC-1002 may avoid the muscle-related side effects associated with statins due to its lack of activity in skeletal muscle.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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