Effects of buprenorphine injection (pain relief): A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Buprenorphine is a widely used analgesic for the relief of postoperative pain in rats. 16 , 12 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 20 , 11 , 4 , 18 , 10 , 17 , 25 , 14 , 3 , 9 , 7 , , 23 , 5 , 8 , 2 , 19 , 6 , 15 , 1 , 13 . Studies have shown that buprenorphine can provide pain relief in patients with chronic pain conditions, such as cancer pain. 10 , 8 . Buprenorphine has been shown to be effective in combination with other analgesics, such as morphine, for postoperative pain relief. 21 , 17 . Some studies have suggested that buprenorphine may have a longer duration of action than other analgesics. 12 , 21 , 9 .

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

Buprenorphine is a potent opioid analgesic acting on all four opioid receptors: it is an agonist on the mu-, the delta, and the ORL-1 receptors. 5 . Buprenorphine has a number of active metabolites with different effects on the four opioid receptors; all except the norbup-3-glu are analgesic. 5 . Buprenorphine itself is not a respiratory depressant or sedative, but some of its active metabolites are. 5 . Buprenorphine and its active metabolites are not excreted by the kidney. Therefore buprenorphine may be used in patients with advanced renal failure. 5 . Buprenorphine has a slow onset and a long offset. These properties are advantageous, except sometimes when treating severe acute pain. 5 . Buprenorphine is well suited for treatment of chronic pain, especially chronic neuropathic pain and cancer pain. 5 . Buprenorphine is also used for opioid abuse rehabilitation. 5 .

Risk summary

Buprenorphine is a mu-agonist, which may induce or maintain opioid addiction. 5 . Buprenorphine may cause side effects, such as weight gain, constipation, and nausea. 10 . Buprenorphine can also interact with other medications, so it is important to talk to your doctor about any medications you are taking before starting buprenorphine. 5 .

Comparison between studies

Commonalities of studies

Buprenorphine has been studied in a variety of animal models, including rats, mice, and ponies. 16 , 12 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 20 , 14 , 9 , 7 , 1 . Buprenorphine has been administered via a variety of routes, including intravenous, subcutaneous, intrathecal, and epidural. 20 , 4 , 17 , 8 . The studies generally found that buprenorphine was effective in reducing postoperative pain. 12 , 21 , 14 , 7 , 8 .

Differences between studies

The effectiveness of buprenorphine for pain relief may vary depending on the dose, route of administration, and the specific pain model. 21 , 20 , 4 , 8 . Some studies have found that buprenorphine can delay recovery after surgery. 16 . Buprenorphine may also cause side effects, such as changes in behavior and weight. 22 , 9 , 4 .

Consistency and contradictions of results

The research on buprenorphine has shown some consistency in its effects, but there are also some contradictions. 16 , 12 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 20 , 11 , 4 , 18 , 10 , 17 , 25 , 14 , 3 , 9 , 7 , , 23 , 5 , 8 , 2 , 19 , 6 , 15 , 1 , 13 . While buprenorphine is generally effective for pain relief, some studies have suggested that it may not be as effective as other analgesics. 14 , 23 . The effectiveness of buprenorphine may also be affected by the dose and route of administration. 21 , 20 , 4 , 8 .

Considerations for real-world application

Buprenorphine is a potent analgesic that can be effective for pain relief, but it is important to be aware of the potential risks. 16 , 22 , 9 , 4 . It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of buprenorphine with your doctor before starting treatment. 21 , 20 , 4 , 8 . Buprenorphine is a controlled substance, so it is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully. 5 .

Limitations of current research

The research on buprenorphine is still ongoing, and there are many unanswered questions. 16 , 12 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 20 , 11 , 4 , 18 , 10 , 17 , 25 , 14 , 3 , 9 , 7 , , 23 , 5 , 8 , 2 , 19 , 6 , 15 , 1 , 13 . More research is needed to determine the long-term effects of buprenorphine. 16 . More research is needed to determine the best way to use buprenorphine for pain relief. 21 , 20 , 4 , 8 .

Future research directions

Future research should focus on determining the long-term effects of buprenorphine on recovery after surgery. 16 . Future research should also focus on determining the best way to use buprenorphine for pain relief, including the optimal dose, route of administration, and combination with other analgesics. 21 , 20 , 4 , 8 . It is also important to investigate the potential for buprenorphine to cause side effects, especially in patients with chronic pain. 10 , 8 .

Conclusion

Buprenorphine is a potent analgesic that can be effective for pain relief. 16 , 22 , 9 , 4 . However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with buprenorphine, such as addiction and side effects. 21 , 20 , 4 , 8 . It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of buprenorphine with your doctor before starting treatment. 5 .

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
2
Article Type
5
2
2
6
26
2.

Effects of Analgesics on Tumor Growth in Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis.

Author: XuJiajie J, ThurstonSarah E, RobinsonTyler J, Escara-WilkeJune F, Daignault-NewtonStephanie, MartinTara L, KellerEvan T, KellerJill M

Improved animal welfare
No consistent effect on tumor growth

This study examined the effects of two commonly used analgesics, carprofen and buprenorphine, on tumor growth in two mouse models of prostate cancer bone metastasis. The results suggest that a single injection of either analgesic at the time of tumor implantation did not significantly impact tumor growth or animal welfare, supporting the use of analgesia in such studies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Autoinjector device for rapid administration of drugs and antidotes in emergency situations and in mass casualty management.

Author: VijayaraghavanRajagopalan

Emergency Treatment
Mass Casualty Management

Autoinjector devices (AIDs) are convenient for the rapid administration of drugs and antidotes in medical emergencies and mass casualty events, as they can be used by both medical professionals and untrained individuals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Administration of Tramadol or Buprenorphine via the drinking water for post-operative analgesia in a mouse-osteotomy model.

Author: JirkofPaulin, DurstMattea, KlopfleischRobert, PalmeRupert, Thöne-ReinekeChrista, ButtgereitFrank, Schmidt-BleekKatharina, LangAnnemarie

Pain relief

This study evaluated the effectiveness of two painkillers, tramadol and buprenorphine, in mice with a bone injury. Tramadol was found to be less effective than buprenorphine, and high doses of tramadol had negative effects on the mice's well-being.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Upper extremity nerve block: how can benefit, duration, and safety be improved? An update.

Author: BrattwallMetha, JildenstålPether, Warrén StombergMargareta, JakobssonJan G

Effective anesthesia
Improved analgesia
Reduced opioid use
Reduced side effects
Limited duration
Neurotoxicity

Ultrasound-guided upper extremity blocks are useful for providing anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Continuous perineural infusion can prolong the effects and improve postoperative quality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Buprenorphine for treating cancer pain.

Author: Schmidt-HansenMia, BromhamNathan, TaubertMark, ArnoldStephanie, HilgartJennifer S

Cancer pain relief
Ineffective pain treatment
Poor tolerability

This Cochrane review aims to assess whether buprenorphine is associated with superior, inferior or equal pain relief and tolerability compared to other analgesic options for patients with cancer pain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Buprenorphine for pain relief in mice: repeated injections vs sustained-release depot formulation.

Author: JirkofP, TourvieilleA, CinelliP, ArrasM

Pain relief
Side effects
Stress response

This study compared a sustained-release formulation of buprenorphine with a standard protocol of three injections of buprenorphine in mice.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

A meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability of buprenorphine for the relief of cancer pain.

Author: NaingCho, YeohPeng Nam, AungKyan

Cancer pain relief
Nausea

This study reviewed available evidence on the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine in treating cancer pain. There was insufficient evidence to adequately position the use of buprenorphine in the treatment of cancer pain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low-back pain.

Author: ChaparroLuis Enrique, FurlanAndrea D, DeshpandeAmol, Mailis-GagnonAngela, AtlasSteven, TurkDennis C

Reduced CLBP
Addiction risk

This Cochrane review assessed the efficacy of opioids in adults with chronic low-back pain (CLBP). There is some evidence for short-term efficacy of opioids compared to placebo, but no placebo-RCTs support the effectiveness and safety of long-term opioid therapy for CLBP.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

Postcastration analgesia in ponies using buprenorphine hydrochloride.

Author: LoveE J, TaylorP M, WhayH R, MurrellJ

Long-lasting analgesic effects
Postoperative analgesia

Buprenorphine is a drug used for pain relief in horses. This study showed that buprenorphine was effective in providing near-comprehensive postoperative analgesia in ponies after castration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Regional anesthesia procedures for shoulder and upper arm surgery upper extremity update--2005 to present.

Author: SripadaRamprasad, BowensClifford

Postoperative analgesia
Phrenic hemiparesis

This review examines developments in regional anesthesia (RA) techniques for shoulder surgery since 2005. The increased usage of ultrasound (USG) in RA is highlighted as a significant advancement. The review discusses the advantages of regional techniques, including site-specific anesthesia and decreased postoperative opioid use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Evaluation of buprenorphine in a postoperative pain model in rats.

Author: CurtinLeslie I, GrakowskyJulie A, SuarezMauricio, ThompsonAlexis C, DiPirroJean M, MartinLisa B E, KristalMark B

Postoperative pain relief
Opioid tolerance

This study tested different doses of buprenorphine, an analgesic, on rats after surgery. It found that a dose of 0.05 mg/kg SC was effective at relieving pain without causing long-term changes in opioid sensitivity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Buprenorphine injection to the stellate ganglion in the treatment of upper body chronic pain syndromes.

Author: GoebelAndreas, LawsonAndrew, AllenSteve, GlynnChris

Chronic pain treatment

GLOA, Ganglionide Local Opioid Analgesia, is used to treat chronic pain. This study assessed whether GLOA was more efficacious than SSB, saline injection to the stellate plus intramuscular buprenorphine.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

Transdermal buprenorphine combined with spinal morphine and naropine for pain relief in chronic peripheral vasculopathy.

Author: AurilioB, PaceM C, PassavantiM B

Improved sleep
Pain control
Reduced side effects

This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of combining buprenorphine transdermal delivery system (TDS) with peridural infusion of morphine and naropine for treating ischemic pain in patients with peripheral arteriopathy. The combination was more effective and better tolerated than morphine and naropine alone.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Kinking of epidural catheter--a case report.

Author: BajajPramila, RaigerLalit Kumar, RamanVinutha

Pain relief
Epidural catheter kinking

This case report describes a kinking of an epidural catheter after 20 days of insertion.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Improvement in postoperative pain relief by the addition of midazolam to an intrathecal injection of buprenorphine and bupivacaine.

Author: ShahF R, HalbeA R, PanchalI D, GoodchildC S

Pain relief

The study compared the effectiveness of adding midazolam to a mixture of buprenorphine and bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Intrathecal midazolam has been shown to provide antinociception and pain relief in animals and humans, including potentiation of opioid analgesia.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

[The benefit of combining spinal morphine and intravenous buprenorphine for perioperative pain].

Author: Ben-AbrahamR, BeltruttiD, NivD, WeinbroumA

long-lasting pain relief
pain relief
reduced side effects

This study evaluated the perioperative antinociceptive effects of concurrent administration of morphine and buprenorphine in women undergoing hysterectomy. Concomitant administration of intrathecal morphine and low dose intravenous buprenorphine produced better and longer pain relief than intravenous buprenorphine alone.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Hebrew

22.

An evaluation of analgesic regimens for abdominal surgery in mice.

Author: HayesK E, RaucciJ A, GadesN M, TothL A

Postoperative pain management

This study evaluated the effectiveness of different pain medications for mice after surgery. Ibuprofen was found to be effective in reducing pain and speeding recovery, while buprenorphine caused increased activity and reduced food and water intake.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

23.

A comparison of two opioid analgesics for relief of visceral pain induced by intestinal resection in rats.

Author: GillinghamM B, ClarkM D, DahlyE M, Krugner-HigbyL A, NeyD M

Pain relief
Decreased urine volume

The study evaluated the effectiveness of buprenorphine versus oxymorphone to alleviate the pain induced by intestinal resection in rats. Rats treated with oxymorphone exhibited behavior and appearance similar to their preoperative state, while rats treated with buprenorphine exhibited behavior and appearance consistent with pain and distress for as long as 32 h postoperatively. Oxymorphone alleviated the pain-related behavioral changes after intestinal resection far better than did buprenorphine.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

24.

Evaluation of intraarticular opioid analgesia for the relief of articular pain in the domestic fowl.

Author: GentleM J, HockingP M, BernardR, DunnL N

Opioid agonists with a high affinity for the mu receptor were ineffective in reducing pain in an experimental model of microcrystalline sodium urate-induced arthritis in fowl.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Lumbar versus thoracic epidural buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Author: MehtaY, JunejaR, MadhokH, TrehanN

Pain relief
Pulmonary function

Buprenorphine administered by the lumbar epidural route for analgesia after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) compares favorably with the same drug through the thoracic route in terms of quality of analgesia and incidence of side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

26.

Continuous infusion of opioid and bupivacaine by externalized intrathecal catheters in long-term treatment of "refractory" nonmalignant pain.

Author: NitescuP, DahmP, AppelgrenL, CurelaruI

CDIC

Continuous intrathecal infusion of bupivacaine and opioid provided pain relief for 95% of patients with intractable nonmalignant pain. The treatment resulted in increased nocturnal sleep duration, reduced nonopioid analgesic consumption, and minimal changes in gait and ambulation. Long-term treatment failure occurred in 34% of patients. The most common side effects included transient paresthesia, short-lasting paresis, temporary urine retention, and orthostatic hypotension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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