Main Research Findings

Butterbur (Petasites hybridus L.) is a traditional medicinal plant with various therapeutic effects. 1 found that a standardized extract of butterbur root, containing the active ingredients petasins, acted as a pro-oxidant and triggered apoptosis through elevating NF-κB in a highly invasive human breast cancer cell line. Another study showed that butterbur products could significantly enhance the expression of CYP2B in the liver, indicating the potential impact of butterbur on the liver. 2 This effect was attributed to the chemical composition of the products. Butterbur has also been studied for its potential to treat migraines. 8 One research found that isopetasin, a major component of butterbur extracts, can desensitize peptidergic nociceptors by acting on TRPA1 cation channel. This could be beneficial for migraine prevention. 10 Another study suggests that a compound from butterbur, Petatewalide B, has anti-allergic effects. 16 Additionally, research on the therapeutic effects of s-petasin, a major sesquiterpene from butterbur, demonstrated positive results for treating asthma and peritonitis models. 19 One study investigated the potential of butterbur extract as a prophylactic treatment for childhood migraines. 21

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Butterbur is a traditional medicinal plant with various therapeutic effects. 1 Research suggests that butterbur has anti-tumor activity. 6 found that Petatewalide B, a compound from butterbur, can alleviate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury, potentially benefiting stroke treatment. 7 suggests that butterbur is a potential treatment option for migraine. Additionally, isopetasin, a component of butterbur, may help prevent migraines. 10 Other potential benefits of butterbur include treating asthma, peritonitis, allergic symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease. 16 , 19 , 9

Risks Summary

Butterbur contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are hepatotoxic. 12 , 23 Research has shown that butterbur extracts can have adverse effects on the liver. 25 Therefore, it is important to choose products free of PAs. Butterbur can also cause allergic reactions. reported an anaphylactic reaction to Japanese butterbur scapes. If you are trying butterbur for the first time, start with a small amount and consult a doctor before taking it.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Research on butterbur consistently suggests the plant's potential for various therapeutic effects. 1 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 9 , 21 However, many studies also highlight the potential hepatotoxicity of butterbur. 12 , 23 , 25 These findings emphasize the importance of considering both the benefits and risks of using butterbur.

Differences

Research on butterbur varies in methodology and subjects, leading to differences in results. For example, the extraction methods, concentrations, and administration routes of butterbur extracts can affect the observed effects and side effects. Furthermore, studies using different subjects, including humans, animals, and cells, might produce different outcomes. Further research is necessary to better understand the effects and side effects of butterbur.

Consistency and Contradictions

Butterbur research shows consistency in the plant's potential therapeutic effects and hepatotoxicity. 1 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 9 , 21 , 12 , 23 , 25 More research is needed to fully understand the plant's benefits and risks.

Considerations for Daily Use

When using butterbur, it is crucial to choose products free of PAs. 12 , 23 Butterbur can cause allergic reactions. Start with a small amount if you're trying butterbur for the first time, and consult a doctor before using it.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on butterbur is still ongoing. 1 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 9 , 21 , 12 , 23 , 25 More research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects and safety of butterbur.

Future Research Directions

Further research is required to comprehensively assess the safety of butterbur. 12 , 23 , 25 Additionally, more research is needed to explore the various therapeutic effects of butterbur. 1 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 9 , 21 More studies are needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of butterbur and its effectiveness for various health concerns.

Conclusion

Butterbur is a traditional medicinal plant with potential therapeutic effects, including anti-tumor and anti-migraine properties. 1 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 9 , 21 However, it contains hepatotoxic compounds, emphasizing the importance of choosing products free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. 12 , 23 , 25 Allergic reactions are also possible. If considering butterbur, start with a small amount, consult a doctor, and carefully consider the potential benefits and risks.